Correlates of Rotavirus Vaccine Shedding and Seroconversion in a US Cohort of Healthy Infants.
J Infect Dis
; 230(3): 754-762, 2024 Sep 23.
Article
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| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38330312
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis; 2 highly effective vaccines are used in the United States (US). We aimed to identify correlates of immune response to rotavirus vaccination in a US cohort.METHODS:
Pediatric Respiratory and Enteric Virus Acquisition and Immunogenesis Longitudinal (PREVAIL) is a birth cohort of 245 mother-child pairs enrolled in 2017-2018 and followed for 2 years. Infant stool samples and symptom information were collected weekly. Shedding was defined as reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction detection of rotavirus vaccine virus in stools collected 4-28 days after dose 1. Seroconversion was defined as a 3-fold rise in immunoglobulin A between the 6-week and 6-month blood draws. Correlates were analyzed using generalized estimating equations and logistic regression.RESULTS:
Prevaccination immunoglobulin G (IgG) (odds ratio [OR], 0.84 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .75-.94] per 100-unit increase) was negatively associated with shedding. Shedding was also less likely among infants with a single-nucleotide polymorphism inactivating FUT2 antigen secretion ("nonsecretors") with nonsecretor mothers, versus all other combinations (OR, 0.37 [95% CI, .16-.83]). Of 141 infants with data, 105 (74%) seroconverted; 78 (77%) had shed vaccine virus following dose 1. Prevaccination IgG and secretor status were significantly associated with seroconversion. Neither shedding nor seroconversion significantly differed by vaccine product.CONCLUSIONS:
In this US cohort, prevaccination IgG and maternal and infant secretor status were associated with rotavirus vaccine response.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Infecciones por Rotavirus
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Inmunoglobulina G
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Esparcimiento de Virus
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Rotavirus
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Vacunas contra Rotavirus
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Heces
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Seroconversión
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Anticuerpos Antivirales
Tipo de estudio:
Risk_factors_studies
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Infect Dis
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article