Age Estimation of Children and Young Adults of Jharkhand Using Mineralization of Third Molars and Its Relation to Chronological Age: A Retrospective Analysis.

ABSTRACT

Background Dental age estimation plays an enormous role in the determination of an individual's identity and age in forensic and anthropological fields. The estimation of the chronological age of the individual is also important in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment outcomes in the dental field. The third molar has some inimitable characteristics in terms of its size, shape, formation, and long path of eruption and usually erupts after puberty, which seems to be a reliable method of age estimation in adulthood. To establish the individual's identity, inference of age has gained considerable attention in forensics, and the aspect of dentistry has broadened nowadays. Thus the present study was conducted. Methodology The digital orthopantomograms of 720 patients who were exposed to X-rays for routine examination were assessed, and calcification of the tooth was observed. In order to ensure the blinding of the examiners, radiographs were numerically coded. Clinical stages of the tooth were categorised into erupted, pre-erupted, and missing. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with a level of significance set below 5%. Results The age of the patients whose OPGs were assessed ranged from 6 to 22 years, with a mean age of 18.93±3.129 years. Among the 720 participants, 370 (51.4%) were male and 350 (48.6%) were female. When the clinical status of the third molar among all the participants was assessed, in 148 (20.6%) subjects, third molars had erupted; in 188 (26.1%) subjects, the third molars were in the pre-erupted stage; and in 384 (53.30%), third molars were missing. When comparing the clinical status of the third molar in both arches and between genders, it was found that missing molars were common in females and the mandible arch, with statistically significant p-values. A comparison of Demirjian's stages between genders showed that the mean age to attain stage H was 21.37±0.774 years among males and 21.69±0.616 years among females. This means that the calcification of third-molar attainment occurs earlier in males compared with females. In a similar comparison between the upper and lower arches, it was found that calcification of the third molar was attained earlier in the maxillary arch compared to the mandibular arch. Conclusion It was concluded that the third molar is a versatile tooth and its path of mineralization can be used in orthodontics, pedodontics, and forensics to estimate chronological age, and chronological age significantly follows Demirjian's stages of third molar calcification. Third molar calcification occurred earlier in the maxillary arch and males, whereas several impacted molars were higher in females.