Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors.
Brain Behav Immun
; 122: 75-94, 2024 Nov.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39127088
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Multiple studies have shown that Long COVID (LC) disease is associated with heightened immune activation, as evidenced by elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. However, there is no comprehensive meta-analysis focusing on activation of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS) along with other immune phenotypes in LC patients.OBJECTIVES:
This meta-analysis is designed to explore the IRS and CIRS profiles in LC patients, the individual cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) and immune-associated neurotoxicity.METHODS:
To gather relevant studies for our research, we conducted a thorough search using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, covering all available literature up to July 5th, 2024.RESULTS:
The current meta-analysis encompassed 103 studies that examined multiple immune profiles, C-reactive protein, and 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in 5502 LC patients versus 5962 normal controls (NC). LC patients showed significant increases in IRS/CIRS ratio (standardized mean difference (SMD 0.156, confidence interval (CI) 0.062;0.250), IRS (SMD 0.338, CI 0.236;0.440), M1 macrophage (SMD 0.371, CI 0.263;0.480), T helper (Th)1 (SMD 0.316, CI 0.185;0.446), Th17 (SMD 0.439, CI 0.302;0.577) and immune-associated neurotoxicity (SMD 0.384, CI 0.271;0.497). In addition, CRP and 21 different cytokines displayed significantly elevated levels in LC patients compared to NC.CONCLUSION:
LC disease is characterized by IRS activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Citocinas
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Quimiocinas
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Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular
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COVID-19
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Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Brain Behav Immun
Asunto de la revista:
ALERGIA E IMUNOLOGIA
/
CEREBRO
/
PSICOFISIOLOGIA
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article