RESUMEN
Pacifiers are widely used in developed societies. They are used for soothing infants, reducing their stress and pain during procedures and to help them sleep. The use of pacifiers has been associated, however, with a shorter duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, with higher rates of otitis media and dental problems, as well as a higher risk of accidents during infancy. Recent studies have also described a relationship between pacifier use and SIDS, especially when used during infantÌs sleep. Other described benefits are analgesia and stimulation of non-nutritive sucking in preterm and term infants. There is, at present, wide debate and controversy on whether or not to recommend its use; thus it seems important for professionals and parents to be aware of the risks and benefits associated to its use, particularly related to breastfeeding. Due to the existing controversy of scientific findings, the Committee on Breastfeeding of the Spanish Paediatrics Society, publishes this review, trying to summarise present evidence with the objective of, after analysing scientific results and recommendations, making recommendations regarding the use of the pacifier in the breastfed infant.
Asunto(s)
Lactancia Materna , Chupetes , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Chupetes/normasRESUMEN
The high incidence of transient thyroid dysfunction in newborns from our hospital (0.6%), led us to investigate whether povidone perineal prep. during delivery and daily postpartum antisepsis, induced iodine overload in the newborn, and whether breast milk was the vehiccle. In a controlled randomized trial we used either povidone-iodine or clorhexidine in 36 mothers, and we investigated in them and in their newborns iodine levels and thyroid function. Iodine levels in cord blood, maternal urine and newborn urine were significantly higher in povidone treated group (p less than 0.001) up to the 4th postpartum day. These levels were also significantly higher in breast fed than in formula-fed babies within the group of povidone-iodine-treated mothers. Maternal prepartum urine iodine, and thyroid function in mothers and newborns were not significantly different in both groups.