Effect of polishing process on torque loss ratio and microgap of selective laser melting abutment: an in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of polishing post-treatment process on the torque loss ratio and microgap of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) abutments before and after mechanical cycling test through improving the surface roughness of the implant-abutment interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty SLM abutments were fabricated, with 20 underwent minor back-cutting, designated as polishing, in the implant-abutment interface. The abutments were divided into three groups: SLM abutments (group A), original abutments (group B), and polished SLM abutments (group C), each containing 20 abutments. Surface roughness was evaluated using a laser microscope. Implant-abutment specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling test, and disassembly torque values were measured before and after. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure microgap after longitudinal sectioning of specimens. Correlation between surface roughness, torque loss ratio, and microgap were evaluated. LSD's test and Tamhane's T2 comparison were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The Sz value of polished SLM abutments (6.86 ± 0.64 µm) demonstrated a significant reduction compared to SLM abutments (26.52 ± 7.12 µm). The torque loss ratio of polished SLM abutments (24.16%) was significantly lower than SLM abutments (58.26%), while no statistically significant difference that original abutments (18.23%). The implant-abutment microgap of polished SLM abutments (2.38 ± 1.39 µm) was significantly lower than SLM abutments (8.69 ± 5.30 µm), and this difference was not statistically significant with original abutments (1.87 ± 0.81 µm). A significant positive correlation was identified between Sz values and the ratio of torque loss after cycling test (r = 0.903, P < 0.01), as well as Sz values and the microgap for all specimens in SLM abutments and polished SLM abutments (r = 0.800, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that the polishing step of minor back-cutting can lead to a notable improvement in the roughness of SLM abutments interface, which subsequently optimized the implant-abutment fit. It can be seen that the application of minor back-cutting method has advanced the clinical use of SLM abutments.

Bibliometric Analysis of Forensic Human Remains Identification Literature from 1991 to 2022.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the current state of research and future research hotspots through a metrological analysis of the literature in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research. METHODS: The data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), the core database of the Web of Science information service platform (hereinafter referred to as "WoS"), was used to analyze the trends and topic changes in research on forensic identification of human remains from 1991 to 2022. Network visualisation of publication trends, countries (regions), institutions, authors and topics related to the identification of remains in forensic anthropology was analysed using python 3.9.2 and Gephi 0.10. RESULTS: A total of 873 papers written in English in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research were obtained. The journal with the largest number of publications was Forensic Science International (164 articles). The country (region) with the largest number of published papers was China (90 articles). Katholieke Univ Leuven (Netherlands, 21 articles) was the institution with the largest number of publications. Topic analysis revealed that the focus of forensic anthropological remains identification research was sex estimation and age estimation, and the most commonly studied remains were teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The volume of publications in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research has a distinct phasing. However, the scope of both international and domestic collaborations remains limited. Traditionally, human remains identification has primarily relied on key areas such as the pelvis, skull, and teeth. Looking ahead, future research will likely focus on the more accurate and efficient identification of multiple skeletal remains through the use of machine learning and deep learning techniques.

NIR-II Conjugated Electrolytes as Biomimetics of Lipid Bilayers for In Vivo Liposome Tracking.

Liposomes serve as promising and versatile vehicles for drug delivery. Tracking these nanosized vesicles, particularly in vivo, is crucial for understanding their pharmacokinetics. This study introduces the design and synthesis of three new conjugated electrolyte (CE) molecules, which emit in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II), facilitating deeper tissue penetration. Additionally, these CEs, acting as biomimetics of lipid bilayers, demonstrate superior compatibility with lipid membranes compared to commonly used carbocyanine dyes like DiR. To counteract the aggregation-caused quenching effect, CEs employ a twisted backbone, as such their fluorescence intensities can effectively enhance after a fluorophore multimerization strategy. Notably, a "passive" method was employed to integrate CEs into liposomes during the liposome formation, and membrane incorporation efficiency was significantly promoted to nearly 100%. To validate the in vivo tracking capability, the CE-containing liposomes were functionalized with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides, serving as tumor-targeting ligands. Clear fluorescent images visualizing tumor site in living mice were captured by collecting the NIR-II emission. Uniquely, these CEs exhibit additional emission peak in visible region, enabling in vitro subcellular analysis using routine confocal microscopy. These results underscore the potential of CEs as a new-generation of membrane-targeting probes to facilitate the liposome-based medicine research.

Gelation and foaming properties of fatty acid mixtures in sunflower oil.

BACKGROUND: The development of lipid-lowering products has become the focus of the food industry due to increasing consumer awareness of the relationship between diet and health. Recently, edible oleofoams have drawn attention due to their enormous potential in reformulating food products with reduced fat content and unique mouth feel. RESULTS: We have developed an edible oleofoam system by whipping oleogel composed of fatty acid mixtures in sunflower oil. The crystal morphology, gelation properties, and foaming properties of these oleogels could be tailored by changing the ratio of stearic acid (SA) and myristic acid (MA). Specifically, SA/MA = 2:8 (2S8M) was demonstrated to have superior foaming capability and foam stability, likely due to the densely packed and uniformly distributed crystals formed at this fatty acid ratio. Small lipid crystals in 2S8M absorbed to the air-oil interface more efficiently, and together with the strengthened network established in the bulk phase, helped stabilize the foam structure. As a result, the 2S8M oleofoam showed excellent foaming properties: strong plasticity, significantly increased overrun (up to 63.56 ± 2.58%), and significantly improved foam stability. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the diffraction pattern observed for 2S8M samples at d-spacing of 4.20 and 3.79 Å was related to the characteristic peak of ß' type crystals, which were responsible for the enhanced foaming capability of 2S8M oleogels. Oleophobic property of 2S8M increased, as indicated by wettability in oil phase, which could possibly drive crystals to the air-oil interface. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlighted the importance of lipid crystal morphology in determining the whippability of oleogels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

A Wide-Bandgap Conjugated Polymer Based on Quinoxalino[6,5-f ]quinoxaline for Fullerene and Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells.

A wide-bandgap conjugated polymer, PNQx-2F2T, based on a ring-fused unit of quinoxalino[6,5-f ]quinoxaline (NQx), is synthesized for use as electron donor in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The polymer shows intense light absorption in the range from 300 to 740 nm and favorable energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals. The polymer has afforded decent device performance when blended with either fullerene-based acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C71 -butylric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM) or non-fullerene acceptor 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone-methyl))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-n-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d: 2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-M). The highest PCEs of 7.9% and 7.5% have been achieved for [70]PCBM or IT-M based PSCs, respectively. Moreover, the influence of molecular weight of PNQx-2F2T on solar cell performance has been investigated. It is found that fullerene-based devices prefer higher polymer molecular weight, while non-fullerene devices are not susceptible to the molecular weight of PNQx-2F2T. The device results are extensively explained by electrical and morphological characterizations. This work not only evidences the potential of NQx for constructing high-performance photovoltaic polymers but also demonstrates a useful structure-performance relationship for efficiency enhancement of non-fullerene PSCs via the development of new conjugated polymers.

Combined Transverse Incision and Pouch Incision for the Correction of Medial Epicanthus.

BACKGROUND: The epicanthal fold is a distinct characteristic of the upper eyelid in many Asians. To achieve satisfactory results, epicanthoplasty is usually performed with double eyelid plasty and blepharoptosis. Although many surgical procedures have been reported for the elimination of epicanthal folds, such as recurrence, copious designs, conspicuous scar, and unnatural palpebral contours are challenges to the surgeon and also make patients worried. METHODS: From June 2010 to June 2015, epicanthoplasty was performed for 236 Chinese female patients using transverse incision combined with pouch incision. The transverse straight incision was performed in new inner canthus to the original eanthal corner point, after the original inner canthus corner point was reached, the oblique parallel incision was performed along the lower eyelid, so that full subcutaneous separation was obtained on the upper and lower incision, the malpositioned isomerous orbicular muscle and thickened tissue were released and excised, so that the epicanthus skin was naturally restored, and finally the incision was sutured without tension. The extent of postoperative scarring and improvement of the epicanthal fold were evaluated after surgery. The medial canthal distance was measured preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The average intercanthal distance decreased significantly from a mean of 41.68 ±â€Š2.57 mm preoperatively to 37.14 ±â€Š1.94 mm 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05, paired t-test). And all patients were satisfied with the excellent aesthetic results in terms of an open medial canthus without definite recurrence, hypertrophic scarring, and other complications during the 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Epicanthoplasty with transverse incision and pouch incision is a simple and effective method for elimination epicanthal folds, resulting in a pleasant visualization, inconspicuous scar. However, its long-term effects require further study.

Asymmetric Alkyl Side-Chain Engineering of Naphthalene Diimide-Based n-Type Polymers for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells.

The design and synthesis of three n-type conjugated polymers based on a naphthalene diimide-thiophene skeleton are presented. The control polymer, PNDI-2HD, has two identical 2-hexyldecyl side chains, and the other polymers have different alkyl side chains; PNDI-EHDT has a 2-ethylhexyl and a 2-decyltetradecyl side chain, and PNDI-BOOD has a 2-butyloctyl and a 2-octyldodecyl side chain. These copolymers with different alkyl side chains exhibit higher melting and crystallization temperatures, and stronger aggregation in solution, than the control copolymer PNDI-2HD that has the same side chain. Polymer solar cells based on the electron-donating copolymer PTB7-Th and these novel copolymers exhibit nearly the same open-circuit voltage of 0.77 V. Devices based on the copolymer PNDI-BOOD with different side chains have a power-conversion efficiency of up to 6.89%, which is much higher than the 4.30% obtained with the symmetric PNDI-2HD. This improvement can be attributed to the improved charge-carrier mobility and the formation of favorable film morphology. These observations suggest that the molecular design strategy of incorporating different side chains can provide a new and promising approach to developing n-type conjugated polymers.

An Open-Circuit Voltage and Power Conversion Efficiency Study of Fullerene Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Oligomer/Oligomer and Oligomer/Polymer.

Variations in the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of ternary organic solar cells are systematically investigated. The initial study of these devices consists of two electron-donating oligomers, S2 (two units) and S7 (seven units), and the electron-accepting [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71 BM) and reveals that the Voc is continuously tunable due to the changing energy of the charge transfer state (Ect ) of the active layers. Further investigation suggests that Voc is also continuously tunable upon change in Ect in a ternary blend system that consists of S2 and its corresponding polymer (P11):PC71 BM. It is interesting to note that higher power conversion efficiencies can be obtained for both S2:S7:PC71 BM and S2:P11:PC71 BM ternary systems compared with their binary systems, which can be ascribed to an improved Voc due to the higher Ect and an improved fill factor due to the improved film morphology upon the incorporation of S2. These findings provide a new guideline for the future design of conjugated polymers for achieving higher performance of ternary organic solar cells.

Hydrophilic Conjugated Polymers with Large Bandgaps and Deep-Lying HOMO Levels as an Efficient Cathode Interlayer in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells.

Two hydrophilic conjugated polymers, PmP-NOH and PmP36F-NOH, with polar diethanol-amine on the side chains and main chain structures of poly(meta-phenylene) and poly(meta-phenylene-alt-3,6-fluorene), respectively, are successfully synthesized. The films of PmP-NOH and PmP36F-NOH show absorption edges at 340 and 343 nm, respectively. The calculated optical bandgaps of the two polymers are 3.65 and 3.62 eV, respectively, the largest ones so far reported for hydrophilic conjugated polymers. PmP-NOH and PmP36F-NOH also possess deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital levels of -6.19 and -6.15 eV, respectively. Inserting PmP-NOH and PmP36F-NOH as a cathode interlayer in inverted polymer solar cells with a PTB7/PC71 BM blend as the active layer, high power conversion efficiencies of 8.58% and 8.33%, respectively, are achieved, demonstrating that the two hydrophilic polymers are excellent interlayers for efficient inverted polymer solar cells.

Dithienobenzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymer: processing solvent-relied interchain aggregation and device performances in field-effect transistors and polymer solar cells.

DTfBT-Th(3), a new conjugated polymer based on dithienobenzothiadiazole and terthiophene, possesses a bandgap of ≈1.86 eV and a HOMO level of -5.27 eV. Due to strong interchain aggregation, DTfBT-Th(3) can not be well dissolved in chloro-benzene (CB) and o-dichlorobenzene (DCB) at room temperature (RT), but the polymer can be processed from hot CB and DCB solutions of ≈100 °C. In CB, with a lower solvation ability, a certain polymer chain aggregation can be preserved, even in hot solution. DTfBT-Th(3) displays a field-effect hole mobility of 0.55 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) when fabricated from hot CB solution, which is higher than that of the device processed from hot DCB (0.16 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) In DTfBT-Th(3) -based polymer solar cells, a good power conversion efficiency from 5.37% to 6.67% can be achieved with 150-300 nm thick active layers casted from hot CB solution, while the highest efficiency for hot DCB-processed solar cells is only 5.07%. The results demonstrate that using a solvent with a lower solvation ability, as a "wet control" process, is beneficial to preserve strong interchain aggregation of a conjugated polymer during solution processing, showing great potential to improve its performances in optoelectronic devices.

White polymer light-emitting diodes based on star-shaped polymers with an orange dendritic phosphorescent core.

A series of new star-shaped polymers with a triphenylamine-based iridium(III) dendritic complex as the orange-emitting core and poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PFH) chains as the blue-emitting arms is developed towards white polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs). By fine-tuning the content of the orange phosphor, partial energy transfer and charge trapping from the blue backbone to the orange core is realized to achieve white light emission. Single-layer WPLEDs with the configuration of ITO (indium-tin oxide)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/polymer/CsF/Al exhibit a maximum current efficiency of 1.69 cd A(-1) and CIE coordinates of (0.35, 0.33), which is very close to the pure white-light point of (0.33, 0.33). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on star-shaped white-emitting single polymers that simultaneously consist of fluorescent and phosphorescent species.

Novel Pickering bigels stabilized by whey protein microgels: Interfacial properties, oral sensation and gastrointestinal digestive profiles.

In the ongoing quest to formulate sensory-rich, low-fat products that maintain structural integrity, this work investigated the potential of bigels, especially those created using innovative Pickering techniques. By harnessing the unique properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) and whey protein microgel (WPM) as interfacial stabilizers, WPM-based Pickering bigels exhibited a remarkable particle localization at the interface due to specific intermolecular interactions. The rise in protein concentration not only intensified particle coverage and interface stabilization but also amplified attributes like storage modulus, yield stress, and adhesiveness, owing to enhanced intermolecular forces and a compact gel matrix. Impressively, WPM-based Pickering bigels outshone in practical applications, showcasing exceptional oil retention during freeze-thaw cycles and extended flavor release-a promising indication for frozen food product applications. Furthermore, these bigels underwent a sensory evolution from a lubricious texture at lower concentrations to a stable plateau at higher ones, offering an enriched consumer experience. In a comparative digestibility assessment, WPM-based Pickering bigels demonstrated superior prowess in decelerating the release of free fatty acids, indicating slowed lipid digestion. This study demonstrates the potential to fine-tune oral sensations and digestive profiles in bigels by modulating Pickering particle concentrations.

High-efficiency polymer solar cells via the incorporation of an amino-functionalized conjugated metallopolymer as a cathode interlayer.

An amino-functionalized conjugated metallopolymer PFEN-Hg was developed as a cathode interlayer for inverted polymer solar cells. The resulting devices exhibited significantly improved performance with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 9%. Moreover, good device performance was achievable with the PFEN-Hg over a wider range of film thickness, likely due to the Hg-Hg interactions and improved π-π stacking.

Supramolecular sky-blue phosphorescent polymer iridium complexes for single-emissive-layer organic light-emitting diodes.

Novel supramolecular phosphorescent polymers (SPPs) are synthesized as a new class of solution-processable electroluminescent emitters. The formation of these SPPs takes advantage of the efficient non-bonding assembly between bis(dibenzo-24-crown-8)-functionalized iridium complex monomer and bis(dibenzylammonium)-tethered co-monomer, which is monitored by (1) H NMR spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. These SPPs show good film morphology and an intrinsic glass transition with a Tg of 94-116 °C. Noticeably, they are highly photoluminescent in solid state with quantum efficiency up to ca. 78%. The photophysical and electroluminescent properties are strongly dependent on the molecular structures of the iridium complex monomers.

Novel cathode interlayers based on neutral alcohol-soluble small molecules with a triphenylamine core featuring polar phosphonate side chains for high-performance polymer light-emitting and photovoltaic devices.

A new family of neutral alcohol-soluble small molecular materials comprised of electron-rich triphenylamine (TPA) and fluorene featuring phosphonate side chains (FEP) is reported, namely 3TPA-FEP, 2TPA-2FEP and TPA-3FEP, which have different TPA and FEP contents. Due to their good solubility in polar solvents like alcohol, multilayer devices can be fabricated by a wet process from orthogonal solvents. Polymer light-emitting devices with these materials as a cathode interlayer and Al as the cathode show greatly enhanced efficiencies in contrast to control devices without such a cathode interlayer, and their efficiencies are comparable with or even higher than devices with the low work-function metal Ba/Al as the cathode. In addition, high-performance polymer solar cells based on the poly[N-9''-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT):[6,6]-phenyl C71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC71 BM) system are also achieved with power conversion efficiencies of 7.21%, 6.90% and 6.89%, by utilizing 3TPA-FEP, 2TPA-2FEP and TPA-3FEP as the cathode interlayer, respectively. These efficiencies are also much higher than those for control devices without the cathode interlayer. Although TPA is well-known as a hole-transport unit, the current findings indicate that alcohol-soluble TPA-based small molecules are also a promising cathode interlayer for both electron injection and extraction.

[Clinical features of antiviral therapy-induced thyroid disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of thyroid disease occurring in response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS: Eighty-two patients diagnosed with CHC were recruited for study from our hospital between 2009 and 2010. All patients were given a 48-week course of antiviral combination therapy with pegylated-interferon (Peg-IFN; 180 mug qw ih) and ribavirin (RBV; 15 mg/kg bw). Patient sera was collected prior to treatment (baseline), at treatment weeks 24 and 48, and post-treatment week 24, and used to detect changes in levels of thyroid function markers, thyroid-specific and other autoantibodies, complement factors, and immunoglobulins (Igs). Differential expression of biomarkers was assessed between patients who developed thyroid disorder and those who did not. RESULTS: At treatment week 48, 13.4% (11/82) of cases developed hypothyroidism, 3.7% (3/82) developed hyperthyroidism, 20.7% (17/82) tested positive for thyroglobulin antibody, and 22.0% (18/82) tested positive for thyroid peroxidase antibody. The patients who did not develop thyroid disease had significantly higher post-treatment levels (vs. baseline) of IgG (14.84 +/- 2.61 vs. 12.95 +/- 3.32 g/L, F = 10.458, P = 0.002) and C4 (0.26 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.08 g/L, F = 6.835, P = 0.011) and significantly lower IgM (0.86 +/- 0.48 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.42 g/L, F = 9.106, P = 0.003). The patients who developed thyroid disease showed no significant differences in the baseline and post-treatment levels of IgG, C4, or IgM. When the two groups of patients who did or did not develop thyroid disease were compared, there was no difference in the amount of patients who achieved sustained virological response. CONCLUSION: Antiviral-induced thyroid disease in patients with refractory hepatitis C manifests as clinically-detectable abnormalities in serum levels of thyroid autoantibody and markers of hypothyroidism. Levels of other autoantibodies and Igs do not correlate with the development of thyroid disease in these patients, and thyroid disease does not appear to affect the efficacy of Peg-IFN + RBV antiviral therapy.

Electrospun polylactic acid nanofiber film modified by silver oxide deposited on hemp fibers for antibacterial fruit packaging.

Bacterial and fungal contamination have become major factors in fruit spoilage and damage, posing a potential risk to human health. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers combined with Ag2O-hemp fibers for a good antimicrobial effect were developed and applied to antimicrobial fruit fresh-keeping packages. The results of molecular simulation calculations showed that the strength of hydrogen bonds between Ag2O and hemp fibers reached 45.522 kJ·mol-1, which proved that Ag2O and with hemp fibers formed a stable deposition. The Ag2O-hemp fibers modified electrospun polylactic acid nanofibrous composite film exhibited favorable mechanical properties. The tensile strength reached 5.23 ± 0.05 MPa and the elongation at break reached 105.56 ± 3.95 %. The obtained nanofibrous composite film has good antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, A. niger, and Penicillium, which indicated that they could effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. The cell experiments proved that the nanofibrous composite film had good biocompatibility with a cell survival rate of 100 %. The experimental results on the fresh-keeping of red grapes showed that the PLA nanofibrous composite film modified by the Ag2O-hemp fibers could effectively prolong the spoilage time of red grapes at room temperature. Compared with the blank group, the freshness period of PLA nanofiber film modified by Ag2O-hemp fibers could be extended for more than 5 days. The hardness of 15 days (1.94 ± 0.19 × 105 Pa) was basically the same as that of 1 day (2.05 ± 0.06 × 105 Pa). The results were superior to commercially available PE preservation films. The above research results indicated that the Ag2O-hemp fibers modified PLA nanofibrous composite film had potential application prospects in the field of fruit fresh-keeping package.

Comprehensive analysis of m6A methylation modification in chronic spinal cord injury in mice.

Chronic spinal cord injury (CSCI) is a catastrophic disease of the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in partial or complete loss of neurological function. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common form of reversible posttranslational modification at the RNA level. However, the role of m6A modification in CSCI remains unknown. In this study, we established a CSCI model using a water-absorbable polyurethane polymer, with behavioral assessment, electrophysiological analysis, and histochemical staining for validation. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (meRIP-seq) and messenger RNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) were jointly explored to compare the differences between CSCI spinal tissue and normal spinal tissue. Furthermore, real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze m6A modification-related proteins. We found that water-absorbable polyurethane polymer simulated well chronic spinal cord compression. Basso mouse scale scores and electrophysiological analysis showed continuous neurological function decline after chronic compression of the spinal cord. meRIP-seq identified 642 differentially modified m6A genes, among which 263 genes were downregulated and 379 genes were upregulated. mRNA-seq showed that 1544 genes were upregulated and 290 genes were downregulated after CSCI. Gene Ontology terms and enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were also identified. qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining showed that Mettl14, Ythdf1, and Ythdf3 were significantly upregulated after CSCI. Our study revealed a comprehensive profile of m6A modifications in CSCI which may act as a valuable key for future research on CSCI.

Intervention effects of multilayer core-shell particles on colitis amelioration mechanisms of capsaicin.

The intervention effects of delivery systems on the digestion and adsorption profiles and, thus, the pharmacological effects of bioactive compounds represent an intriguing scientific hypothesis that can be proven with research case studies. Delivery systems with tailor-made structures fabricating from the same building materials offer a new research strategy for deciphering the modulating effects of the digestive fate on the therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated bioactive compounds. Herein, we developed capsaicin-loaded core-shell nanoparticles (Cap NPs), microparticles (Cap MPs) and nano-in-micro particles (Cap NPs in MPs) and investigated their regulatory effects on the digestive fate and colitis-alleviating mechanisms of capsaicin. Results suggested that the small intestine dominant absorption of Cap NPs differed significantly with the colorectal dominated accumulation of Cap MPs and Cap NPs in MPs in terms of the colitis alleviating mechanisms. Cap NPs alleviated colitis mainly through promoting the colonization of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis and partially inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway. Whereas, better dietary intervention effects were achieved from Cap NPs in MPs via promoting the proliferation of mucus-related bacteria and enhanced triggering efficiency on the TRPV1-mucus-microbiotas cyclic cascade. This work confirmed that rationally designed biomaterial-based delivery vehicles can flexibly interfere with the therapeutic mechanisms of encapsulated cargos, representing a new horizon in the field of precise nutrition.

Volatile composition changes of fruits in a biopolymer-coated polyethylene active packaging: Effects of modified atmosphere and packaging-shaped bacterial community.

The potential impacts of active packaging on the volatile composition of fruits during preservations largely associated with consumers' acceptance, yet was barely investigated. In this work, a biopolymer-coated polyethylene active film was developed and its effects on qualities and volatile compositions of fruits with different respiration rates were comprehensively investigated. Underlying reasons for the effect of active packaging on volatile composition change of fruits were elucidated through revealing ternary relationship among the packaging-shaped bacterial community, modified atmosphere and volatiles. Off-flavor production was reduced and more sesquiterpenes (α-cubebene, copaene, ß-caryophyllene, α-caryophyllene, d-amorphene) were reserved for longan packaged with active film, due to its antimicrobial and moisture absorption ability, as leading contributors to the selective inhibition on spoilage bacteria genera including Zymobacter, Gluconobacter and Pantoea. Whereas volatile profile of strawberry with high respiration rate was more actively affected by the modified atmosphere induced by packaging, instead of the bacterial community, where hypoxia (<2% O2) led to the accumulation of ethyl esters (0.154-0.184 µg/g) that conferred off-flavor but decreased production of methyl (0.172-0.367 µg/g) and hexyl esters (1.26-1.89 × 10-2 µg/g) that represented typical fruity aroma. This work adds new knowledges on impacts of active packaging on the volatile profile of fruits and would provide guidance to smart design of active packaging for preservation of aromatic fruits.