[Risk assessment of different grades of hypertension during the treatment of patients with acute pulpitis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the vital signs changes, influence factors in different grades of hypertension patients during the treatment of acute pulpitis, in order to obtain the risk prevention measures. METHODS: In this study, 90 different grades of hypertension patients with acute pulpitis were recruited from February 2014 to February 2015 in the Department of Oral Emergency, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The information about the patients'general health, oral treatment, life signs of change information was collected. Patients were divided into high risk group, middle risk group, and low risk group (30 patients for each group). RESULTS: (1) Compared with the preoperative, systolic blood pressure (90%), diastolic blood pressure (80%), heart rate increase (100%) were increased in the high risk group. The increase rates of the middle risk group and the low risk group were significantly lower than those of the high risk group (P<0.01). At the same time, the systolic blood pressure of 1/4 (26.7%) patients in high risk group increased more than 20 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and the diastolic blood pressure of 2/5 patients in high risk group increased more than 10 mmHg, the difference was statistically significant compared with the other two groups (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the preoperative, the average increase of the maximum peak were increased [systolic blood pressure (18.0 ± 1.5) mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (8.0 ± 1.7) mmHg], the mean of heart rate changes [(7.0 ± 0.3) beats per minute] was also increased in the high risk group, while these two indicators were decreased in the low risk group and the middle risk group. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was changed in 6 cases during the treatment in the high risk group. No significantly changed were observed in the low risk group and the middle risk group. (3) Compared the risk assessment in preoperative with that in postoperative, in the middle risk group, 23 cases were evaluated as medium risk in final evaluation, 6 as low risk, and 1 as high risk (risk assessment increased); in the high risk group, 20 cases were evaluated as high risk, 7 as very high risk, and 3 as medium risk (risk assessment decreased). CONCLUSION: Oral treatment is very safe for patients with hypertension, but the risk factor, target organ damage, and complications will also increase the risk of cardiovascular events in elderly patients during the acute pulpitis treatment. Dentist should take some measures to avoid the risks.

[The rheology properties of common hydrophilic gel excipients].

To investigate theological properties of common hydrophilic gel excipients such as Carbopol based on viscosity, the viscosity was determined by rotation method and falling-ball method. Linear regression was made between ln(eta) and concentration, the slope of which was used to explore the relation between viscosity and concentration of different excipients. The viscosity flow active energy (E(eta)) was calculated according to Arrhenius equation and was used to investigate the relation between viscosity and temperature of different excipients. The results showed that viscosities measured by two methods were consistent. Concentration of guargum (GG) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) solution had a great influence on the viscosity, k > 5; while concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) exerted a less effect on viscosity, k < 0.2; viscosity flow active energy of different excipients were close, which ranged from 30 to 40 kJ x mol(-1). Therefore, theological properties study could provide the basis for application of excipients and establish a foundation for the research of relation between excipients structure, property and function.