Poor Masticatory Capacity and Blood Biomarkers of Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Community: The Paris Prospective Study III.

[Figure: see text].

Sleep disorders and oral health: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Sleep disorders (SDs), particularly sleep deprivation, may alter the immune system and induce systemic inflammation. Recent evidence supports an association between SDs and periodontal diseases. This cross-sectional epidemiological study aims to compare oral health variables, such as the amount of plaque/calculus, gingival inflammation, and masticatory function, in individuals with and without SDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted in a French cohort of individuals who underwent medical and oral examinations between 2012 and 2013. Multivariate logistic regression and general linear models were used for group comparisons. RESULTS: Over a total of 29,870 individuals, 11,185 (37.4 %) reported to suffer from SDs on a regular basis. Compared to individuals without SDs, SD individuals were older (mean age 44.2 vs. 45.3 years; p < 0.0001), prevalently female (38.6 vs. 52.1 %; p < 0.0001), and with higher BMI (25.3 vs. 25.7; p < 0.0001). Moreover, SD individuals displayed a significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities, higher level of gingival inflammation (adjusted odds ratio 1.22 [95 % confidence interval 1.13-1.32]), and lower masticatory function (1.45 [1.33-1.58]). Short sleepers (<6 h of sleep/night) were found to be at an increased risk of gingival inflammation (1.25 [1.1-1.4]). SD individuals with moderate-to-high gingival inflammation showed a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (1.39 [1.04-1.84]) compared to SD individuals with low or no gingival inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with self-report SDs are at increased risk of gingival inflammation. The coexistence of SDs and gingival inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings provide evidence for an association between SDs and gingival inflammation and support further clinical and experimental studies.

A prospective comparison of alginate-hydrogel with standard medical therapy to determine impact on functional capacity and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure (AUGMENT-HF trial).

AIMS: AUGMENT-HF was an international, multi-centre, prospective, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the benefits and safety of a novel method of left ventricular (LV) modification with alginate-hydrogel. METHODS: Alginate-hydrogel is an inert permanent implant that is directly injected into LV heart muscle and serves as a prosthetic scaffold to modify the shape and size of the dilated LV. Patients with advanced chronic heart failure (HF) were randomized (1 : 1) to alginate-hydrogel (n = 40) in combination with standard medical therapy or standard medical therapy alone (Control, n = 38). The primary endpoint of AUGMENT-HF was the change in peak VO2 from baseline to 6 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, as well as assessments of procedural safety. RESULTS: Enrolled patients were 63 ± 10 years old, 74% in NYHA functional class III, had a LV ejection fraction of 26 ± 5% and a mean peak VO2 of 12.2 ± 1.8 mL/kg/min. Thirty-five patients were successfully treated with alginate-hydrogel injections through a limited left thoracotomy approach without device-related complications; the 30-day surgical mortality was 8.6% (3 deaths). Alginate-hydrogel treatment was associated with improved peak VO2 at 6 months-treatment effect vs. CONTROL: +1.24 mL/kg/min (95% confidence interval 0.26-2.23, P = 0.014). Also 6MWT distance and NYHA functional class improved in alginate-hydrogel-treated patients vs. Control (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Alginate-hydrogel in addition to standard medical therapy for patients with advanced chronic HF was more effective than standard medical therapy alone for improving exercise capacity and symptoms. The results of AUGMENT-HF provide proof of concept for a pivotal trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01311791.

Recalled body silhouette trajectories over the lifespan and oral conditions in adulthood: A cross-sectional analysis of the Paris Prospective Study 3.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between life-course body silhouette changes and oral conditions in adulthood. METHODS: At study recruitment (2008-2012), 5430 adults underwent a full-mouth clinical examination and recalled their body silhouettes at ages 8, 15, 25, 35 and 45. Life-course trajectories of body silhouettes were computed using group-based trajectory modelling. Gingival inflammation, dental plaque, masticatory units, numbers of healthy, missing, decayed and filled teeth at study recruitment were clustered. The associations between body silhouette trajectories and clusters of oral conditions were assessed by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The final analysis included 4472 participants. Five body silhouette trajectories were established: lean-stable (30.0%), lean-increased (19.3%), moderate stable (18.1%), lean-marked increased (25.8%) and heavy stable (6.7%). Three clusters of oral conditions were identified: optimal oral health and preserved masticatory capacity (70.0%, cluster 1), moderate oral health and moderately impaired masticatory capacity (25.4%, cluster 2) and poor oral health and severely impaired masticatory capacity (4.7%, cluster 3). Participants with a lean-increased trajectory were 58% more likely than those with a lean-stable trajectory to be in cluster 3 (aOR 1.58 [95% CI 1.07; 2.35]) relative to cluster 1, independently of covariates measured at study recruitment and including age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, BMI, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS: A life-course lean-increased body silhouette trajectory is associated with higher likelihood of poor oral health and severely impaired masticatory capacity in adulthood.

Chewing capacity and ideal cardiovascular health in adulthood: A cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To study the association between chewing capacity-a prerequisite for eating- and the level of cardiovascular health (CVH). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis conducted on 5430 study participants from the Paris Prospective Study 3 that were subjected to an oral examination by trained dentists at study recruitment between 2008 and 2012. Chewing capacity was determined by the number of functional tooth units (FTUs), and ≥ 5FTUs defined adequate chewing capacity. Subjects were categorized into poor, intermediate, or ideal CVH for the 4 behavioural (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet) and the 3 biological (total cholesterol, fasting glycemia, and blood pressure) factors according to the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the association between the number of FTUs (exposure) and ideal or intermediate vs. poor CVH (main outcome). RESULTS: 10.31% of the study participants had an ideal CVH and 7% presented an impaired chewing capacity (<5 FTUs). Subjects with at least 5 FTUs (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.37-4.12) were more likely to have an ideal global CVH, after adjustment for age, sex, marital status, education, deprivation, depressive status, and dental plaque. This association existed for the behavioural but not the biological CVH, with the strongest association being observed with the diet metric. CONCLUSION: This is the first study suggesting that adults with a preserved chewing capacity have an increased likelihood to be at an ideal behavioural CVH.

Oral health in relation to all-cause mortality: the IPC cohort study.

We evaluated the association between oral health and mortality. The study population comprised 76,188 subjects aged 16-89 years at recruitment. The mean follow-up time was 3.4 ± 2.4 years. Subjects with a personal medical history of cancer or cardiovascular disease and death by casualty were excluded from the analysis. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed in order to assess dental plaque, dental calculus and gingival inflammation. The number of teeth and functional masticatory units <5 were recorded. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates. Mortality risk was evaluated using Cox regression model with propensity score calibrated for each oral exposure. All-cause mortality risk were raised with dental plaque, gingival inflammation, >10 missing teeth and functional masticatory units <5. All-cancer mortality was positively associated with dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Non-cardiovascular and non-cancer mortality were also positively associated with high dental plaque (HR = 3.30, [95% CI: 1.76-6.17]), high gingival inflammation (HR = 2.86, [95% CI: 1.71-4.79]), >10 missing teeth (HR = 2.31, [95% CI: 1.40-3.82]) and functional masticatory units <5 (HR = 2.40 [95% CI 1.55-3.73]). Moreover, when ≥3 oral diseases were cumulated in the model, the risk increased for all-cause mortality (HR = 3.39, [95% CI: 2.51-5.42]), all-cancer mortality (HR = 3.59, [95% CI: 1.23-10.05]) and non-cardiovascular and non-cancer mortality (HR = 4.71, [95% CI: 1.74-12.7]). The present study indicates a postive linear association between oral health and mortality.

[Metabolic syndrome: prevalence, risk factors and mortality in a French population of 62 000 subjects]. / Syndrome métabolique: prévalence, marqueurs de risque associés et mortalité dans une population française de 62 000 sujets.

We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors and impact on all-cause mortality of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a large French population. The study population consisted of subjects aged 40 years or more who volunteered for a free health check-up at the IPC Center (Investigations Préventives et Cliniques, Paris) between 1999 and 2002. There were 40 977 men (53.2 +/- 9.1 years) and 21 277 women (55.9 +/- 10.3 years). The cutoff date for mortality data was March 2004. The mean follow-up period was 3.57 +/- 1.12 years. During this period, 271 men and 87 women died. MetS was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the risk of death [hazards ratio (95% CI)]. MetS was present at baseline in 11.8% of men and 7.6% of women. The prevalence of MetS increased from 9% in men aged 40 to 49 years to 12.5% in men aged 70 years. In women, the prevalence rose from 4.9% to 11.3%, respectively. From 1999 to 2002, the prevalence of MetS increased from 11.0% to 12.8% in men and from 7.2% to 8.8% in women. The following clinical and biological parameters were significantly associated with MetS in men and women, after adjustment for age: lower physical activity, lower vital capacity ratio, higher pulse pressure and heart rate, higher gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, ASA and ALA transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels, higher uricemia, leukocyte and globulin levels, dental and gingival inflammation, and higher stress and depression scores. After adjustment for age, the excess risk of all-cause mortality in subjects with MetS compared to subjects without MetS was 1.82 (1.35-2.43) in men and 1.80 (1.01-3.19) in women. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, cholesterol, physical activity, socioeconomic status and prior cardiovascular disease, the risk of all-cause mortality was 1.69 (1.28-2.22) in the entire population. In order to evaluate the impact of each Mets component, and combinations of three MetS components, on all-cause mortality, a control group of subjects with no MetS components was used. After adjustment for age and gender, the risk of death associated with each MetS component was 2.36 (1.65-3.37) for high waist circumference, 2.08 (1.44-3.01) for elevated triglyceride levels, 1.71 (1.07-2.72) for low HDL-cholesterol levels, 1.75 (1.29-2.38) for elevated arterial pressure, and 2.93 (2.04-4.22) for elevated glucose levels. Waist circumference + elevated triglycerides + elevated glucose was the three-component combination with the strongest impact [HR = 4.95 (2.92-8.37)]. In this large French population, in which MetS was moderate, MetS was associated with other hemodynamic, hepatic, inflammatory and psychological risk factors, and with a 70% increase in all-cause mortality. The three-component combination most strongly associated with mortality was high waist circumference + elevated glucose + elevated triglycerides.

Oral Health and Blood Pressure: The IPC Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontal diseases involve bacteria-induced inflammation of the tissues supporting the teeth. An inflammatory origin for hypertension has been proposed, and periodontal diseases are associated with an increased risk of vascular disease. The present study was performed to assess whether oral health conditions were associated with the risk of hypertension in adult population. METHODS: The sample comprised 102,330 subjects, who underwent medical and oral examinations between 2002 and 2011. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed using simplified plaque index, calculus index, and simplified modified gingival index to assess dental plaque, dental calculus and gingival inflammation. The number of teeth was recorded. Biological parameters, including blood pressure were assessed. A subset analysis according to age (<65 or ≥65 years) was conducted. The association between blood pressure and oral conditions was explored using a logistic regression approach. RESULTS: In the sample of subject ≥65 years, no significant association was found between oral variables and the risk of hypertension. In subset <65 years, oral variables and risk of hypertension were associated. Insufficient masticatory function and missing teeth (>10) showed odds ratio (OR) = 1.20 [95% CI = 1.08-1.32] and OR = 1.17 [95% CI = 1.04-1.31], respectively. Hypertension was also associated with high level of dental plaque [OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.55-2.33], dental calculus [OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29] and gingival inflammation [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.35-1.80] Moreover, in this subset <65 years, the risk of hypertension increases with the number of dental exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that insufficient masticatory function, poor oral hygiene, and oral inflammation are associated with hypertension in subject <65.