Low-threshold Raman laser from an on-chip, high-Q, polymer-coated microcavity.

We study the stimulated Raman emission of a high-Q polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated silica microsphere on a silicon chip. In this hybrid structure, as the thickness of the PDMS coating increases, the spatial distribution of the whispering gallery modes moves inside the PDMS layer, and the light emission switches from silica Raman lasing to PDMS Raman lasing. The Raman shift of the PDMS Raman laser is measured at 2900 cm(-1), corresponding to the strongest Raman fingerprint of bulk PDMS material. The threshold for this PDMS Raman lasing is demonstrated to be as low as 1.3 mW. This type of Raman emission from a surface-coated high-Q microcavity not only provides a route for extending lasing wavelengths, but also shows potential for detecting specific analytes.

Highly efficient all-optical control of surface-plasmon-polariton generation based on a compact asymmetric single slit.

By engaging a compact asymmetric single slit coated with a photorefractive polymer, surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) generation was efficiently controlled by a pump beam. In the structure, the nonlinear light-matter interaction is enhanced because of the cavity effect, which increases the sensitivity of SPPs to the surrounding dielectric. By variation of the real part of the refractive index together with an interferometric configuration, high on/off switching ratios are achieved. Moreover, the SPP generation and modulation processes are integrated in the same asymmetric single slit, which makes the device ultracompact. Experimentally, a high on/off switching ratio of >20 dB and phase variation of >π were observed with the device lateral dimension of only about 2 µm.

Broadband unidirectional generation of surface plasmon polaritons with dielectric-film-coated asymmetric single-slit.

A dielectric-film-coated asymmetric single nanoslit is proposed to realize broadband unidirectional generation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Due to the tight field confinements by the dielectric film and the deep groove in the asymmetric single slit, the transmittance of the SPPs in the groove to the left side considerably decreases. This greatly suppresses the left-propagating SPP generation efficiency for a broad bandwidth. Meanwhile, the right-propagating SPP generation efficiency has a flat spectra range because of the low transmittance, too. So the unidirectional SPP generation with bandwidth of >100 nm around λ = 750 nm is experimentally achieved for the device lateral dimension of only 865 nm.

Spatial conformation and charge recombination properties of polythiophene derivatives with thienylene-vinylene side chains investigated by static and femtosecond spectroscopy.

We report herein the photophysics of three two-dimensional polythiophene derivatives, with different lengths of thienylene-vinylene conjugated side chains, in comparison with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). In solution, an evolution from stimulated emission to photoinduced absorption (PIA) at emission peak is discovered with increasing length of side chains, indicating larger steric hindrance by longer side chains. The exciton lifetime is reduced by a factor of five when the thienylene-vinylene side chain is prolonged to three units. In the film form, we investigate the dynamics of the two PIA bands, assigned to intrachain exciton and interchain polaron pairs, respectively. The analysis of the dynamics suggests that their intrachain exciton decays are similar to the one-dimensional P3HT. The recombination possibility of delocalized interchain polaron pairs occurring in 0.9 ps is reduced with longer thienylene-vinylene side chain samples. Compared with regioregular P3HT film, which self-organizes to form lamellae crystal morphology, the morphologies of these three two-dimensional polythiophenes are amorphous, attributed to the large steric hindrance caused by the existence of side chains. This design of polythiophene derivatives provides the reduction of recombination possibility for delocalized interchain polaron pairs generated in the polymer.