RESUMEN
Emerging evidence indicates a fundamental role for the epigenome in immunity. Here, we mapped the epigenomic and transcriptional landscape of immunity to influenza vaccination in humans at the single-cell level. Vaccination against seasonal influenza induced persistently diminished H3K27ac in monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), which was associated with impaired cytokine responses to Toll-like receptor stimulation. Single-cell ATAC-seq analysis revealed an epigenomically distinct subcluster of monocytes with reduced chromatin accessibility at AP-1-targeted loci after vaccination. Similar effects were observed in response to vaccination with the AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 pandemic influenza vaccine. However, this vaccine also stimulated persistently increased chromatin accessibility at interferon response factor (IRF) loci in monocytes and mDCs. This was associated with elevated expression of antiviral genes and heightened resistance to the unrelated Zika and Dengue viruses. These results demonstrate that vaccination stimulates persistent epigenomic remodeling of the innate immune system and reveal AS03's potential as an epigenetic adjuvant.
Asunto(s)
Epigenómica , Inmunidad/genética , Vacunas contra la Influenza/genética , Vacunas contra la Influenza/inmunología , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Transcripción Genética , Vacunación , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Antivirales/farmacología , Reprogramación Celular , Cromatina/metabolismo , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Masculino , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Polisorbatos/farmacología , Escualeno/farmacología , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción AP-1/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/genética , Adulto Joven , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Cost-effective and scalable synthetic matrices that support long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have many applications, ranging from drug screening platforms to regenerative medicine. Here, we report the development of a hydrogel-based matrix containing synthetic heparin-mimicking moieties that supports the long-term expansion of hPSCs (≥20 passages) in a chemically defined medium. HPSCs expanded on this synthetic matrix maintained their characteristic morphology, colony forming ability, karyotypic stability, and differentiation potential. We also used the synthetic matrix as a platform to investigate the effects of various physicochemical properties of the extracellular environment on the adhesion, growth, and self-renewal of hPSCs. The observed cellular responses can be explained in terms of matrix interface-mediated binding of extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and other cell-secreted factors, which create an instructive microenvironment to support self-renewal of hPSCs. These synthetic matrices, which comprise of "off-the-shelf" components and are easy to synthesize, provide an ideal tool to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that control stem cell fate.