A Comparative Evaluation of Dissolution Rate of Three Different Posterior Restorative Materials used in Pediatric Dentistry: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: The study aimed to compare and assess the dissolution rate, color stability, and other mechanical parameters, such as compressive and flexural strength, of three distinct posterior restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. Materials and methods: The three posterior restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry are divided into group I-Zirconomer, group II-Composite, and group III-Cention N. Around 111 cylindrical specimens were grouped into three groups of 37 each. According to the manufacturer's standards, all materials were proportioned and handled. The materials were thermocycler in a chewing simulator and were subjected to various tests to estimate the dissolution rate, compressive strength, flexural strength, and color stability of the three individual groups. Results: The dissolution rate was highest in Zirconomer, followed by Cention N and Composite, which were highly significant (p = 0.05). Compressive strength was highest with Cention N, followed by Composite and Zirconomer, which was highly important (p = 0.05). Cention N had the greatest flexural strength, followed by Composite and Zirconomer, which were highly significant (p = 0.05). Finally, the Composite had the highest color stability, followed by Cention N and Zirconomer among the three groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that resin-based restorative materials outperform glass ionomer-based Zirconomer cement in terms of dissolution rate, compressive strength, flexural strength, and color stability. Clinical significance: Because of the widespread improvement in dental materials, many dental restorative types of cement have emerged on the market. The features of good restorative materials are mechanical strength, fluid dissolution rate, and retention. How to cite this article: Raman V, Srinivasan D, AR SE, et al. A Comparative Evaluation of Dissolution Rate of Three Different Posterior Restorative Materials used in Pediatric Dentistry: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S20-S26.

Application of biomass derived products in mid-size automotive industries: A review.

The automotive industry is directly affected by the shortage of fossil fuels and the excessive pollution resulting from crude oil-based fuels has many adverse effects on the environment. The search for a greener and sustainable source of materials and fuels to power automobiles has ultimately led to the usage of biomass and biobased sources as the main precursor due to its graft availability and renewability. Biobased fuels developed have been shown to easily blend in with the existing automobile engines and to provide sustainable performance. Similarly, the usage of various biobased polymers, plastics, and composite materials as the structural materials for the construction of automobiles instead of crude oil sources have shown to be invaluable. The powering of automobiles with electricity is the future of the transportation industry to address the greenhouse gas emissions caused by fossil fuels. Hence, biobased lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have started to enter the mid-sized automotive industry. However, extensive commercialization of biobased products application in the automotive sector is underdeveloped. Hence it is customary to assess the various drawbacks of using biobased materials and identify the correct pathway for new research and development in this field. Therefore, this review covers various applications of biobased products in the automotive industries and mentions the active researches going on in this field to replace petroleum and crude oil-based sources with biobased sources.

Radiographic study of the upper cervical spine in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The chromosome abnormality, deletion of 22q11.2, is one of the most common genetic syndromes. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome encompasses a wide spectrum of abnormalities including cardiac, palate, and immunological anomalies. The purposes of the current study were (1) to define and determine the frequency of variations of the occiput and cervical spine on plain radiographs in patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and (2) to postulate the potential clinical importance of these variations. METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive patients with the 22q11.2 deletion underwent clinical and radiographic evaluation of the occiput and cervical spine. Radiographic studies included lateral plain radiographs of the cervical spine in neutral, flexion, and extension; anteroposterior radiographs; and open-mouth odontoid radiographs. RESULTS: At least one developmental variation of the occiput or cervical spine was observed in every patient. The occipital variations were platybasia in fifty-two (91%) of the fifty-seven patients for whom data were available and basilar impression in two (3%) of the seventy-nine patients. The atlas variations were dysmorphic shape in fifty-nine (75%) of the seventy-nine patients, open posterior arch in forty-seven (59%) of the seventy-nine patients, and occipitalization in two (3%) of the seventy-one patients with adequate radiographs. The axis variations were dysmorphic dens in forty-six (58%) and upswept lamina and posterior elements or "C2 swoosh" in forty-seven (59%) of the seventy-nine patients. Of the seventy-one patients with adequate radiographs, twenty-four (34%) had fusion of C2-C3, fifteen (21%) had fusion of the posterior elements only, and nine (13%) had a complete block fusion. Increased segmental motion was observed in forty (56%) of the seventy-one patients. Thirteen (33%) of the forty patients had increased segmental motion at more than one level. Thirty-one patients (44%) had increased occipitoatlantal motion, seven (10%) had increased atlantoaxial motion, and four had increased C2-C3 motion. Eleven (15%) of the seventy-one patients had increased C3-C4 mobility, always adjacent to a fusion of C2-C3. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of the upper cervical spine, including increased segmental motion, are common in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. It is premature to predict the clinical implications of these radiographic findings, but advanced imaging and further observation may be needed to clarify their clinical course.

Multiple keratocysts of the mandible in association with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: A rare case report.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is a syndrome with wide variety of manifestations ranging from oral lesions to skeletal deformities. It calls for due responsibility of maxillofacial surgeon to diagnose the syndrome because very often they are the first health professionals to see the patient for the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumor. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor has been the topic of numerous investigators, is known for its potentially aggressive behavior, significant rate of recurrences. KCOT often occurs as a solitary lesion, in some instances multiple keratocysts may occur in association with a syndrome called Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (nevoid BCC, jaw cyst bifid rib basal cell nevus syndrome). Here, we present a case of multiple keratocysts in the mandible in association with skeletal, ocular, cutaneous anomalies in the given clinical scenario, which has profound relevance in the clinical dental practice.