Viscous, Hofmeister Effect-Enhanced Macromolecular Adhesives for Effective Bonding in Seawater.

Deployment of adhesives in natural seawater to in situ bonds is urgently needed in engineering fields. However, stable adhesion in natural seawater remains a challenge due to the turbulent environment and high ion concentration. Herein, we reported a viscous, macromolecular underwater adhesive enhanced by Hofmeister effect (EHUA) for practical application in dynamic seawater. EHUA was synthesized via a facile one-step copolymerization. After transferred into seawater, the solvent of EHUA was exchanged to seawater, and thereby hydrogen bonds inside the adhesive were activated and enhanced by Hofmeister effect. We demonstrated EHUA can adhere on the surface in turbulent seawater, and the adhesive strength could reach 1.691 MPa. In addition, the adhesives also exhibited long-term storage stability and convenient recyclability. These fascinating properties enable adhesives to seal leaky pipelines, repair damaged ships and construct buildings in turbulent seawater. This work may open an avenue for the design of adhesives for seawater environments.

[Application of nanocellulose in flexible sensors].

The shortage of medical resources promotes medical treatment reform, and smart healthcare is a promising strategy to solve this problem. With the development of Internet, real-time health status is expected to be monitored at home by using flexible healthcare systems, which puts forward new demands on flexible substrates for sensors. Currently, the flexible substrates are mainly traditional petroleum-based polymers, which are not renewable. As a natural polymer, cellulose, owing to its wide range of sources, convenient processing, biodegradability and so on, is an ideal alternative. In this review, the application progress of nanocellulose in flexible sensors is summarized. The structure and the modification methods of cellulose and nanocellulose are introduced at first, and then the application of nanocellulose flexible sensors in real-time medical monitoring is summarized. Finally, the advantages and future challenges of nanocellulose in the field of flexible sensors are discussed.

Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts by glycyrrhizin via activating LXRα.

The aim of this study was to clarify the anti-inflammatory effects and its molecular mechanism of glycyrrhizin on LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), which will be of benefit for periodontitis treatment. An MTT assay was performed to assess the effects of glycyrrhizin on cellular viability. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. The expression of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and LXRα were detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that glycyrrhizin significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production, as well as COX-2 and iNOS expression. LPS-induced NF-κB activation in HGFs was also inhibited by treatment of glycyrrhizin. Furthermore, glycyrrhizin increased the expression of LXRα in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibition of glycyrrhizin on IL-6 and IL-8 production was reversed by LXRα inhibitor GGPP. In conclusion, these results indicated that glycyrrhizin exhibited its anti-inflammatory effects in HGFs by activating LXRα.

MnO2 porous carbon composite from cellulose enabling high gravimetric/volumetric performance for supercapacitor.

Preparing electrode material integrated with high gravimetric/volumetric capacitance and fast electron/ion transfer is crucial for the practical application. Owing to the structural contradiction, it is a big challenge to construct electrode material with high packing density, sufficient ion transport channels, and fast electronic transfer pathways. Herein, MnO2 porous carbon composite with abundant porous structure and 3D carbon skeleton was facilely fabricated from Linum usitatissimum. L stems via NaOH activation and MnO2 introduction. The in-situ introduced MnO2 not only increases the packing density and the electrical conductivity of the porous carbon but also provides more active sites for oxidation reactions. These unique characteristics endow the resultant MnO2 porous carbon composite with remarkable gravimetric capacitance of 549 F g-1, volumetric capacitance of 378 F cm-3, and capacitance retention of 54.9 %. Giving the simple process and low cost, this work might offer a new approach for structural design and the practical application of high-performance electrode materials.

[Neonatal hereditary dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a genetically diagnosed case report].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of clinical manifestations, pathologic findings of skin biopsies and genetic testing in the diagnosis of neonatal hereditary dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. METHODS: Here we reported one case of hereditary dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with neonatal onset, and explored the clinical and pathological features,as well as the genetic diagnosis,of the disease process. RESULTS: The neonate was born with large areas of skin damage and erosion, extending to the left ankle and foot, and was admitted to the hospital 10 hours after birth. Hemophysallis and blisters were found in her mouth, and during her hospital stay the patient developed multiple bullae, skin peeling and skin erosion at the compressed and friction areas of the body. Bacterial cultures from both the skin erosion and oral secretions were negative. Pathology of the skin showed a small amount of loose connective tissue visualized by light microscopy. Visualization with electron microscope revealed no basal layer in the majority of the skin, tonofilament scattered in the dermal tissue, and basement membrane with unclear anchoring fibril and thinner lamina densa in a portion of the region studied. Consequently,the diagnosis of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa was made. COL7A1 gene tests were subsequently performed on the patient's family. Insertion of AGGG fragment was found at the 500th locus of exon 13 in the mother's COL7A1 gene. The patient's father had a G-to-A mutation at the splicing locus after exon 98. The neonate had complex heterozygous mutation in COL7A1 gene consistent with the father and mother's mutation, which led to the development of the disease. The parents,who were carriers of the disease-causing genes,both had a normal phenotype. CONCLUSION: Skin pathology was indicated for the diagnosis of clinically suspicious hereditary dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. The microstructure visualized in the pathologic findings aided in making the preliminary classification, and further genetic testing was able to be performed according to the pathological classification. Genetic testing of the parents could greatly aid family planning in the future.

Microstructure-united heterogeneous sodium alginate doped injectable hydrogel for stable hemostasis in dynamic mechanical environments.

Injectable hydrogels that can withstand compressive and tensile forces hold great promise for preventing rebleeding in dynamic mechanical environments after emergency hemostasis of wounds. However, current injectable hydrogels often lack sufficient compressive or tensile performance. Here, a microstructure-united heterogeneous injectable hydrogel (MH) was constructed. The heterogeneous structure endowed MH with a unique "microstructures consecutive transmission" feature, which allowed it to exhibit high compressive and tensile performance simultaneously. In this work, two types of sodium alginate doped hydrogels with different microstructures were physically smashed into microgels, respectively. By mixing the microgels, MH with one micro-pores featured microstructure and another nano-pores featured microstructure can be formed. The obtained MH can withstand both compressive and tensile forces and showed high mechanical performance (compressive modulus: 345.67 ± 10.12 kPa and tensile modulus: 245.19 ± 7.82 kPa). Furtherly, MH was proven to provide stable and sustained hemostasis in the dynamic mechanical environment. Overall, this work provided an effective strategy for constructing injectable hydrogel with high compressive and tensile performance for hemostasis in dynamic mechanical environments.

Microgel-integrated, high-strength in-situ formed hydrogel enables timely emergency trauma treatment.

High-strength hydrogels formed in situ through a convenient gel transition process are highly desirable for emergency treatment due to their ability to quickly respond to accidents. However, current in-situ formed hydrogels require a laborious precursor preparation process or lack sufficient mechanical strength. Herein, we reported a series of microgels that were capable of convenient in-situ transition to high-strength hydrogels from their easily portable form, thereby facilitating emergency treatment. Three kinds of microgels were derived from two types of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds; OH⋯OC, NH⋯OC) crosslinked preformed hydrogels, and all exhibited excellent stability when stored at room temperature. After mixing with water, all these microgels could undergo a quick hydration process and then transform into high-strength hydrogels in situ through H-bonds. Specifically, stronger H-bond crosslinked microgels could build hydrogels with higher mechanical strength, albeit at the cost of longer hydration and operation time. Nevertheless, the whole operation process could be finished within several minutes, and the resultant hydrogels could exhibit maximally megapascal-level compressive strength and tens of kilopascal storage modulus. In the comparison of emergency application performance with commercial chitosan hemostatic powder (CHP), we found that the microgels could stop accidental bleeding almost immediately, and the whole process from taking out the stored microgels to hemostasis could be completed within 15 s, which was superior to CHP. Overall, the results indicated that the in-situ formed microgel-based hydrogels with convenient gel-transition ability and high strength showed great potential in emergency treatments.

Engineering Lipusu with lysophosphatidylcholine for improved tumor cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy.

Liposomes have been developed as drug delivery carriers to enhance the antitumor efficiency of therapeutic agents. Lipusu® (Lip), a paclitaxel (PTX) liposome, has been widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. Compared with PTX, Lip could change the biodistribution and reduce the systemic toxicity. However, there was no positive effect on the entry of PTX into tumor cells, and thus the therapeutic effect was not significantly improved. Therefore, it is meaningful to engineer Lip for improving tumor cellular uptake efficiency. Here, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-engineered Lip (LPC-Lip) was constructed via inserting single chain lipid tails into liposomal lipid bilayers, which was realized by simple incubation. Compared with Lip, the better cellular uptake of liposomes modified with LPC resulted in enhanced cytotoxic activity of LPC-Lip in 4T1 cells. Furthermore, stronger tumor growth inhibition was observed in LPC-Lip treated 4T1 tumor-bearing mice without significant side effects. In conclusion, by modulating the lipid composition of Lip, the antitumor efficacy can be improved, and LPC engineered Lip may serve as a promising formulation of PTX for future cancer therapy.

Porphyrin COF and its mechanical pressing-prepared carbon fiber hybrid membrane for ratiometric detection, removal and enrichment of Cd2.

A nitrogen (N), oxygen (O)-rich porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (COF), in which interlayer porphyrin molecules are vertically stacked, is prepared and characterized. As-prepared N,O-rich TpTph COF shows a high adsorption capacity for Cd2+ due to the abundant coordination sites. More interesting, it is found that the formation of COF enlarges the porphyrin ring center space, thus facilitating the Cd2+coordination, and the resulting optical signal changes make the ratiometric detection of Cd2+ possible. Furthermore, using carbon fiber (CF) filaments, which are obtained from low cost and easy-to-obtain actived carbon mask, as support, porphyrin COF-based CF@TpTph membrane is prepared through in-situ growth of COF on the support followed by simple mechanical pressing. The CF@TpTph membrane is demonstrated to work well for both Cd2+ removal and enrichment from soil and water samples, and shows the advantages of ease of handling, robust stability, reduced secondary pollution risk to samples, and good reusability. This work provides a powerful tool for Cd2+ removal and enrichment, exhibits that preparing porphyrin-based COFs is a feasible way to promote the interactions between porphyrin ring and Cd2+, and demonstrates that mechanical pressing is a promising strategy for the design of COF-based monolithic materials to promote the practical applications of COFs.

Preparation of cellulose nanospheres via combining ZnCl2·3H2O pretreatment and p-toluenesulfonic hydrolysis as a two-step method.

Spherical nanocelluloses, also known as cellulose nanospheres (CNS), have controllable morphology and have shown advantages as green template material, emulsion stabilizer. Herein, CNS were prepared via a new two-step method, first pretreatment of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) using ZnCl2·3H2O and then acid hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose (RC) via p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH). The shape, size, crystallinity of MCC were changed, and nubbly RC with smallest size (942 nm) was obtained after 2 h pretreatment by ZnCl2·3H2O. CNS with high 61.3% yield were produced after acid hydrolysis (67 wt% p-TsOH) of RC at 80 °C, 6 h. The analysis of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that CNS had an average diameter of 347 nm. CNS were present in precipitate after high-speed centrifugation, due to the high Zeta potential of -12 mV and large size. The structure of CNS was tested by Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), CNS had high crystallinity (cellulose II) of 61%. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated that CNS had high thermal stability (Tonset 303.3 °C, Tmax 332 °C). CNS showed poor re-dispersibility in water/ethanol/THF, 1 wt% CNS could be dissolved in ZnCl2·3H2O. 7.37% rod-like CNC were obtained after 6 h hydrolysis. FTIR proved that p-TsOH was recovered by re-crystallization. This study provided a novel, sustainable two-step method for the preparation of spherical CNS.

PMPC Modified PAMAM Dendrimer Enhances Brain Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery.

The excellent biocompatibility drug delivery system for effective treatment of glioma is still greatly challenged by the existence of blood-brain barrier, blood-brain tumor barrier, and the tissue toxicity caused by chemotherapy drugs. In this study, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) is used for the first time for modifying third-generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) to enhance their brain tumor-targeted drug delivery ability as well as simultaneously reducing the toxicity of PAMAM dendrimers and the tissue toxicity of the loaded doxorubicin (DOX). The cytotoxicity, the therapeutic ability in vitro, and the brain tumor-targeted ability of the PMPC modified PAMAM nanoparticles are further studied. Results indicate that PMPC, as a dual-functional modifier, can significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers, while efficiently target the brain tumor. In addition, the therapeutic effect of DOX-loaded PAMAM-PMPC in mice inoculated with U-87 is also studied in vivo. In comparison with DOX solution, DOX-loaded PAMAM-PMPC alleviates weight loss of tumor-inoculated mice and reduces the cardiotoxicity of DOX. The tumor growth inhibition, in vivo, is significantly increased up to (80.76 ± 1.66)%. In conclusion, this strategy of PMPC dual-functional targeted nanocarrier provides a new method for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to treat glioma.

Metal-crosslinked ɛ-poly-L-lysine tissue adhesives with high adhesive performance: Inspiration from mussel adhesive environment.

Strong glue of mussels has long been considered as an ideal model to design synthetic bio-adhesives but the adhesive strength of metal-crosslinked mussel-inspired glues is not often satisfactory. Herein, inspired by the adhesive environment of mussels, we obtained metal-crosslinked ε-poly-L-lysine adhesives with high adhesive performance by introducing the elements of suitable adhesive environment (SAE) into the adhesives. The elements of SAE were clarified as weak alkaline conditions (pH ∼ 7.4) and low Fe3+ contents. The adhesive strength (∼105 kPa) of the metal-crosslinked adhesives endowed with the elements of SAE (PL-Cat/Fe-SAE) was about 8 times higher than that of fibrin glues. The high adhesive strength was found to originate from distinctive interfacial adhesion and cohesion strength of PL-Cat/Fe-SAE. PL-Cat/Fe-SAE showed strong interfacial adhesion capacity and nearly comparable cohesion strength to those PL-Cat/Fe adhesives with higher Fe3+ contents. The nearly comparable cohesion strength of PL-Cat/Fe-SAE was then found to be due to more amount of stable tris-complex existed in PL-Cat/Fe-SAE. In addition, PL-Cat/Fe-SAE was able to efficiently close the full thickness skin incisions. The study highlighted the importance of introducing SAE elements into the design of tissue adhesives and provided a facile and efficient strategy for constructing tissue adhesives with high adhesive performance.

[Application of elastin in biomedical materials].

Elastin is a natural biomedical material of great potential. Being endowed with the special crosslinking and hydrophobic structure, elastin retains many good properties such as good elasticity, ductibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability and so on. Nowadays, elastin as a material, which is gradually attracting people' s attention in the biomedical materials field, has been used as tissue engineering scaffolds, derma substitutes and other biomedical materials. In this context, a systematic review on the characteristics of elastin as a biomedical material and on the actuality of its application is presented. Future developments of elastin in the field of biomedical applications are also discussed.

[Effect of calcium sodium phosphosilicate and potassium nitrate on dentin hypersensitivity: a systematic review and Meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and Meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of calcium sodium phos-phosilicate (CSPS) and potassium nitrate as desensitizing agents for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). METHODS: A thorough search in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese WanFang Data, CBM, and CNKI were conducted for studies published up to June 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the treatment of DH with CSPS and potassium nitrate toothpaste were included. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently, and Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: Eight RCTs involving 411 patients were included. Experimental group comprised 203 and control group had 208 patients. The Meta-analysis indicated the superior effect of CSPS dentifrice on air blast sensitivity at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of follow-up [SMD=-1.85, 95%CI (-2.89, 
-0.81), P=0.000 5, I²=93%], [SMD=-1.61, 95%CI (-1.96, -1.26), P<0.000 01, I²=49%], [SMD=-3.79, 95%CI (-7.18, -0.40), P=0.03, I²=98%], and [SMD=-2.13, 95%CI (-2.69, -1.58), P<0.000 01] , respectively. No significant effects were seen at 12 weeks [SMD=-0.63, 95%CI (-1.47, 0.20), P=0.14, I²=71%]. CSPS dentifrice showed a better desensitizing effect at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks of follow-up on cold water sensitivity [SMD=-1.07, 95%CI (-1.48, -0.66), P<0.000 01, I²=69%], [SMD=
-1.29, 95%CI (-1.81, -0.76), P<0.000 01, I²=64%], [SMD=-1.20, 95%CI (-1.57, -0.83), P<0.000 01, I²=86%], [SMD=-1.30, 95%CI (-2.51, -0.08), P=0.04, I²=82%], and [SMD=-0.79, 95%CI (-1.27, -0.31), P=0.001], respectively. No significant effects at 1 week of follow-up [SMD=0.00, 95%CI (-0.62, 0.62), P=1]. The favorable effect of CSPS dentifrice on tactile sensitivity was more obvious than the control group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of follow-up [SMD=-1.31, 95%CI (-2.00, -0.62), P=0.000 2, I²=67%], [SMD=-1.37, 95%CI (-1.74, -0.99), P<0.000 01, I²=23%], and [SMD=-1.33, 95%CI (-1.82,-0.84), P<0.000 01], respectively. No significant effects at 1 week of follow-up [SMD=-0.32, 95%CI (-0.94, 0.31), P=0.32] were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence indicated that CSPS was more effective than potassium nitrate at reducing DH. The evidence generated by this review was based on a small number of individuals. High-quality and large sample size as well as ideally-designed clinical trials are required in the future before definitive recommendations can be made.

Injectable PAMAM/ODex double-crosslinked hydrogels with high mechanical strength.

In situ injectable double-crosslinked hydrogels containing thiol functionalized poly(amido-amine) dendrimers (Gn-PAMAM-NH2-X) and oxidized dextrans (ODex) were prepared under physiological conditions without using potentially cytotoxic cross-linkers. The double-crosslinked structure was created by Schiff's base reaction and the formation of disulfide bonds. The morphology of the hydrogels was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The gelation time, swelling and rheological behaviors of the hydrogels were investigated. We also studied the adhesive strength and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. The surface amino density, concentration and generation of PAMAM are the main factors affecting the gelation. Relatively high surface amino density contributes to quick gelation, whereas too great a surface amino may lead to the brittleness of the hydrogel. A moderate concentration of PAMAM (10% wt) is suitable for gelation considering its appropriate gelation time. Where surface amino density and the mass concentration of PAMAM-NH2 were identical, PAMAM with less generation was prone to gelation. The injectable PAMAM/ODex hydrogels have double-crosslinked structures and a high crosslinking density which lead to their high storage modulus. The adhesive strength of the hydrogels is about 2.4 times of commercial available fibrin glue and these hydrogels are nontoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The L929 cells can attach easily to the surface of hydrogels and proliferate on them, which demonstrates these novel injectable hydrogels are biocompatible and have potential uses in tissue engineering.

[Pharmacokinetics and distribution of superoxide dismutase liposomes in rats].

AIM: To evaluate the effects of surfactants on the pharmacokinetics and distribution in rats after intravenous administration of SOD liposomes. METHODS: The liposomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method. The activity of SOD was assayed by method of xanthine oxidase. RESULTS: The T1/2 of SOD solution, common SOD liposome, SOD liposomes modified by DSPE-PEG2000 and Tween 80 were 0.25, 0.34, 0.66 and 0.41 h, respectively; AUC were 12.48, 24.66, 41.16 and 33.02 microg x h x mL(-1), respectively. Compared with the common liposome, the liposomes modified by DSPE-PEG and Tween 80 decreased the content of SOD in liver and spleen, but increased in brain. CONCLUSION: The three kinds of liposomes could increase T1/2 and AUC in some extent, especially in PEG-L group. Tween-L could increase the SOD content in brain, and PEG-L could decrease the SOD content in the liver and spleen compared with the common liposome.

Biomimetic surface modification of poly (L-lactic acid) with gelatin and its effects on articular chondrocytes in vitro.

Our objective in this study was to investigate the efficiency of two treatments for poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) surface modification with gelatin, via entrapment and coupling, using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The properties of original PLLA, gelatin-entrapped, and coupled PLLA films were investigated by water contact angle measurement and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The water contact angle indicated that the incorporation of gelatin resulted in a change in hydrophilicity, and the ESCA data suggested that the modified PLLA films became enriched with nitrogen atoms. The cytocompatibility of modified PLLA films might be improved. Therefore, we examined the attachment and proliferation of bovine articular chondrocyte seeded on modified PLLA films and virgin films. A whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cell ELISA) that detects 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation during DNA synthesis and collagen type II secretion was applied to evaluate the chondrocytes on different PLLA films and tissue culture plates (TCPS). Cell viability was estimated by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay, and cell function was assessed by measuring glycosaminoglycan (GAG) secreted by chondrocytes. These results implied that gelatin used to modify the PLLA surface through entrapment and coupling could enhance chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation, and function.

[Studies on the formation mechanism of alginate-chitosan microcapsule and its drug-loading and release properties on macromolecular drug].

AIM: To investigate the formation mechanism, macromolecular drug loading capacity and release property of alginate-chitosan microcapsules (ACM). METHODS: ACM was prepared by emulsification-gelation method and its formation mechanism was studied by DSC analysis. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model drug, the drug loading and release properties of the microcapsules on macromolecular drug were investigated. RESULTS: The results of DSC analysis showed that there is electrostatic interaction between materials encapsulated in the microcapsule. With the increase of BSA microcapsule ratio, the BSA loading percentage rose from 9.20% to 35.08%; and with the ascent of chitosan (CTS) concentration, the BSA loading percentage increased from 30.29% to 38.12%. The BSA microcapsules whowed a two-phase release in both 0.1 mol.L-1 HCl and phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). With the increase of CTS concentration, the BSA release more and more slowly in 0.1 mol.L-1 HCl. CONCLUSION: Spheric and well-dispersed alginate-chitosan microcapsules were prepared. The microcapsule showed good loading capacity to BSA as well as sustained release to a certain degree.

[Effect of surfactants on the in vitro and in vivo properties of amphotericin B liposome].

AIM: Some surfactants such as DSPE-PEG, Tween 80 and Brij 35 were used to modify the amphotericin B liposome, improve the stability, optimize the tissue distribution and decrease the toxicity of amphotericin B liposome. METHODS: The amphotericin B liposome was prepared by the film-supersound method. The effects of cholesterol and amphotericin B on the encapsulation percentage were studied. The diameter, leakage percentage in phosphate buffer solution(PBS) and calf blood serum, and tissue distributions of amphotericin B liposome in the rat were determined. RESULTS: The top encapsulation percentage of amphotericin B liposome is (91.2 +/- 1.6)%. After modification with DSPE-PEG, Tween 80 and Brij 35, the encapsulation percentages were improved, the average diameters were decreased and the stabilities were improved, the amphotericin B concentrations in the liver, spleen and kidney were decreased, and the amphotericin B concentrations in the brain were increased, especially in the AmB-L-Tween 80 group. CONCLUSION: DSPE-PEG and Brij 35 could decrease the clearing of reticuroendothelial systems(RES) to the amphotericin B liposome and Tween 80 could facilitate the transporting of amphotericin B liposome into the brain.

[Therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome modified by RMP-7 to transport drug across blood brain barrier].

AIM: To study the therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome (AmB-L) targeting to the brain in mice with meningitis. METHODS: Amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain were prepared by film-sonication method. Their concentration and encapsulation percentage were determined. The Candida albicans was injected into the brain of BALB/c mice and the meningitis model was set up. Then the therapeutic efficiency of amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain was studied. RESULTS: The encapsulation percentage of amphotericin B liposome was 93.3%. The meningitis model was set up after the Candida albicans was injected into the brain of BALB/c mice for 2 h. The therapeutic efficiency was increased after conjugating RMP-7 (the commercial nama is Cereport) to the surface of amphotericin B liposome. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic efficiency of Amphotericin B liposome targeting to the brain in the mice with meningitis was better than that of the common amphotericin B liposome and the life of the mice in AmB-L-PEG-RMP-7 group was longer than that of the mice in AmB-L-PEG group and AmB-L-PEG + RMP-7 group.