Accelerating supramolecular aggregation by molecular sliding.

Diffusion-based translocation along DNA or RNA molecules is essential for genome regulatory proteins to execute their biological functions. The reduced dimensionality of the searching process makes the proteins bind specific target sites at a "faster-than-diffusion-controlled rate". We herein report a photoresponsive slider-track diffusion system capable of self-assembly rate acceleration, which consists of (-)-camphorsulfonic acid, 4-(4'-n-octoxylphenylazo)benzenesulfonic acid, and isotactic poly(2-vinylpyridine). The protonated pyridine rings act as the footholds for anionic azo sliders to diffusively bind and slide along polycationic tracks via electrostatic interactions. Ultraviolet light triggers the trans to cis isomerization and aggregation of azo sliders, which can be monitored by multiple spectroscopic methods without labeling. The presence of vinyl polymer track increases the aggregation rate of cis azobenzene up to ∼20 times, depending on the stereoregularity of the polymer chain, the acid/base ratio and the addition of salt. This system has a feature of simplicity, monitorability, controllability, and could find applications in designing molecular machines with desired functionalities.