Na-Ln Heterometallic Coordination Polymers: Structure Modulation by Na+ Concentration and Efficient Detection to Tetracycline Antibiotics and 4-(Phenylazo)aniline.

On the basis of the lanthanide metalloligand [Ln(ODA)3]3- (H2ODA = oxydiacetic acid), three new Na-Ln heterometallic coordination polymers, [Ln(ODA)3Na2]n [Ln = Eu (1) and Gd (2)] and [Tb(ODA)3Na3(H2O)2]n (3), had been assembled by adjusting the concentration of Na+ ions in the reaction system. The investigations of fluorescence sensing showed that 1 could be a ratiometric probe to detect tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) with high sensitivity and low detection limits, 71.92 ppb for the former and 45.54 ppb for the latter, and 3 could selectively sense 4-(phenylazo)aniline through the turn-off pathway with 14.59 ppb of detection limits. Moreover, the competing and circulating experiments indicated that both 1 and 3 had satisfactory antiinterference and recyclability for the corresponding analytes. All of these results implied that 1 and 3 should be potential fluorescent sensors for the detection of TC/OTC and 4-(phenylazo)aniline, and the possible sensing mechanism had also been discussed in depth.

An epidemic of coxsackievirus B3 infection in infants and children in Jiangsu Province, China: a prospective cohort study.

To investigate the epidemiological data on coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection and its incidence in infants and children, a prospective cohort study was carried out from 2012 to 2014 in Jiangsu Province, China. According to the results of seropositive rates and NTAb titers of CVB3, an epidemic of CVB3 infection was found, and a dynamic change in CVB3 neutralizing antibody was also observed. One case was recorded with CVB3-associated hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and the isolates belonged to the CVB3 D2 subtype. Our data help us to better understand the epidemic characteristics of CVB3 infection in infants and children.

Enterovirus spectrum from the active surveillance of hand foot and mouth disease patients under the clinical trial of inactivated Enterovirus A71 vaccine in Jiangsu, China, 2012-2013.

Epidemiological data from active surveillance on human enterovirus, which could cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, were limited. An active surveillance system was used to investigate the enterovirus spectrum and the incidence of different enteroviruses in infants aged 6-35 months in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2013. Fifty-nine infants were randomly selected from 522 non-EV-A71/CV-A16 HFMD patients. We collected 173 throat swabs and 174 rectal swabs from these infants. RT-PCR was used to amplify 5'-UTR and VP1 regions of enteroviruses and the serotypes were determined by the sequence comparison using BLAST. Twenty-one non-EV-A71/CA16 enterovirus serotypes were detected in those infants. E16, E18 were firstly reported in HFMD patients. The four top common non-EV-A71/CV-A enteroviruses among infants were CV-B3, CV-A10, CV-A6, and E9 with the HFMD incidence rates at 1.4%, 0.84%, 0.56%, and 0.47%, respectively. Over 20.8% patients were co-infected with multiple enteroviruses. Neither the course of sickness nor clinical symptoms of the co-infected patients was more severe than those infected with single enterovirus. Two patients were infected different enterovirus successively within 2 months. Several new enterovirus serotypes and multiple models of infection associated with HFMD were discovered through the active surveillance system. These data provide a better understanding of the viral etiology of HFMD.

Branched polyethylenimine improves hydrogen photoproduction from a CdSe quantum dot/[FeFe]-hydrogenase mimic system in neutral aqueous solutions.

Nature uses hydrogenase enzyme to catalyze proton reduction at pH 7 with overpotentials and catalytic efficiencies that rival platinum electrodes. Over the past several years, [FeFe]-hydrogenase ([FeFe]-H2 ase) mimics have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for light-driven H2 evolution. However, it remains a significant challenge to realize H2 production by such an artificial photosynthetic system in neutral aqueous solution. Herein, we report a new system for photocatalytic H2 evolution working in a broad pH range, especially under neutral conditions. This unique system is consisted of branched polyethylenimine (PEI)-grafted [FeFe]-H2 ase mimic (PEI-g-Fe2 S2 ), MPA-CdSe quantum dots (MPA=mercaptopropionic acid), and ascorbic acid (H2 A) in water. Due to the secondary coordination sphere of PEI, which has high buffering capacity and stabilizing ability, the system is able to produce H2 under visible-light irradiation with turnover number of 10 600 based on the Fe2 S2 active site in PEI-g-Fe2 S2 . The stability and activity are much better than that of the same system under acidic or basic conditions and they are, to the best of our knowledge, the highest known to date for photocatalytic H2 evolution from a [FeFe]-H2 ase mimic in neutral aqueous solution.

Double-layer poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated capillary for highly sensitive and stable capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry glycan analysis.

Glycosylation plays an important role in protein conformations and functions as well as many biological activities. Capillary electrophoresis combined with various detection methods provided remarkable developments for high-sensitivity glycan profiling. The coating of the capillary is needed for highly polar molecules from complex biosamples. A poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated capillary is commonly utilized in the capillary electrophoresis separation of saccharides sample due to the high-hydrophilicity properties. A modified facile coating workflow was carried out to acquire a novel multiple-layer poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated capillary for highly sensitive and stable analysis of glycans. The migration time fluctuation was used as index in the optimization of layers and a double layer was finally chosen, considering both the effects and simplicity in fabrication. With migration time relative standard deviation less than 1% and theoretical plates kept stable during 100 consecutive separations, the method was presented to be suitable for the analysis of glycosylation with wide linear dynamic range and good reproducibility. The glycan profiling of enzymatically released N-glycans from human serum was obtained by the presented capillary electrophoresis method combined with mass spectrometry detection with acceptable results.

Efficacy, safety, and immunology of an inactivated alum-adjuvant enterovirus 71 vaccine in children in China: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: A vaccine for enterovirus 71 (EV71) is needed to address the high burden of disease associated with infection. We assessed the efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, antibody persistence, and immunological correlates of an inactivated alum-adjuvant EV71 vaccine. METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Healthy children aged 6-35 months from four centres in China were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive vaccine or alum-adjuvant placebo at day 0 and 28, according to a randomisation list (block size 30) generated by an independent statistician. Investigators and participants and their guardians were masked to the assignment. Primary endpoints were EV71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and EV71-associated disease during the surveillance period from day 56 to month 14, analysed in the per-protocol population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01508247. FINDINGS: 10,245 participants were enrolled and assigned: 5120 to vaccine versus 5125 to placebo. 4907 (with three cases of EV71-associated HFMD and eight cases of EV71-associated disease) versus 4939 (with 30 cases of EV71-associated HFMD and 41 cases of EV71-associated disease) were included in the primary efficacy analysis. Vaccine efficacy was 90·0% (95% CI 67·1-96·9) against EV71-associated HFMD (p=0·0001) and 80·4% (95% CI 58·2-90·8) against EV71-associated disease (p<0·0001). Serious adverse events were reported by 62 of 5117 (1·2%) participants in the vaccine group versus 75 of 5123 (1·5%) in the placebo group (p=0·27). Adverse events occurred in 3644 (71·2%) versus 3603 (70·3%; p=0·33). INTERPRETATION: EV71 vaccine provides high efficacy, satisfactory safety, and sustained immunogenicity. FUNDING: China's 12-5 National Major Infectious Disease Program, Beijing Vigoo Biological.

Traumatic dental injuries among 8- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Pinggu District, Beijing, China, during 2012.

BACKGROUND: Although traumatic dental injuries are most common during childhood and can cause significant health problems, the literature contains few reports of the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in children in China. AIM: To study the prevalence of and factors related to traumatic dental injuries among 8- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in Pinggu District, Beijing during 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An epidemiological survey of traumatic dental injuries was performed in all nine primary schools of Pinggu District, Beijing, China. Andreasen criteria as the diagnostic criteria were used in the study. A sample of 5165 students aged from 8 to 12 years old were examined, consisting of 2711 boys and 2454 girls. RESULTS: A total of 367 students (7.1%), 251 boys and 116 girls, were found to have traumatic dental injuries, and 442 permanent teeth were involved. Maxillary central incisors were the most affected by dental injuries (378, 85.5%). Among the 52 traumatized teeth (11.8%) that were treated, endodontic treatment (55.8%) was the most common method. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed a relatively low prevalence of dental injuries in Pinggu District. The treatment rate of traumatized teeth was relatively low. Schoolchildren need more medical assistance when they face accidents. Policymakers should develop a strategy for the prevention of traumatic dental injuries. Educational programs to increase the knowledge of traumatic dental injuries and prevent them should be initiated for teachers and schoolchildren.

The coating of smart pH-responsive polyelectrolyte brushes in capillary and its application in CE.

A novel pH-responsive coating technique was developed and applied to CE successfully in this paper. The coating was formed by bonding mixed opposite charge poly(acrylic acid) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) randomly onto the inner wall of a silica capillary. The coating processes were first characterized by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy at macroscale and microscale, respectively. Measurements of EOF were implemented to confirm the coating. Direction and velocity of EOF became controllable from negative to positive, showing a perfect sigmoidal curve as the coating net charges alternated by the pH of BGE. The control of the EOF makes it possible to analyze different kinds of small molecules, peptides, and proteins successfully in the same capillary. Results showed that the stability and reproducibility for separations of fluoroquinolone standards were satisfactory for more than a hundred separations. A series of basic and acidic protein standards were separated with admirable efficiency and minimal adsorption using both polarities. The separation of tryptic BSA digest showed that the prepared capillary has immense potential in analyzing a single sample with both acidic and basic separations, which achieved the expectation in proteomics study by CE-MS.

An asymmetric normal-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reaction via trienamine catalysis.

An asymmetric normal-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones and 2,4-dienals was explored via trienamine catalysis of a chiral secondary amine. Multifunctional tricyclic polyhydropyrido[1,2-a]indoles were efficiently constructed in good stereoselectivity (up to 92% ee, >19 : 1 dr).

Intratumoral injection of norcantharidin liposome emulsion hybrid delivery system amplifies the cancer-fighting effects of oral sorafenib against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Interventional therapies are increasingly used in clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is the front-line remedy for HCC, however, chemoresistance occurs immutably and affects the effectiveness of treatment. In a previous study, a norcantharidin liposome emulsion hybrid (NLEH) delivery system for HCC was developed. This study aims to examine the therapeutic effects of the combination of intratumoral injection of NLEH and sorafenib in treating HCC. Sorafenib combined with NLEH activated the apoptosis pathway by synergistically upregulating caspase-9, promoting cytotoxicity, apoptosis (64.57%), and G2/M cell cycle arrest (48.96%). Norcantharidin could alleviate sorafenib resistance by counteracting sorafenib-induced phosphorylation of Akt. Additionally, intratumoral injection of NLEH exhibited a sustained accumulation in the tumor within 24 h and didn't distribute to other major organs. Intratumoral injection of NLEH in combination with oral sorafenib displayed the most potent tumor growth inhibitory effect (77.91%) in vivo. H&E staining results and the indicators of the renal and liver function tests demonstrated the safety of this combination therapy. Overall, these results showed that intratumoral injection of NLEH in combination with oral sorafenib treatment represented a rational potential therapeutic option for HCC.

Degradable collagen/sodium alginate/polyvinyl butyral high barrier coating with water/oil-resistant in a facile and effective approach.

Degradable bio-based materials have been widely considered as functional coatings, however, it is a great challenge to fabricate biodegradable coatings with high barrier, water- and oil- resistance. In this work, such coatings were fabricated by using collagen fibers (CF), sodium alginate (SA), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CF and SA were mixed evenly and coated on Ca2+ pretreated filter paper. It was mainly due to the electrostatic adsorption between collagen fibers and sodium alginate, and the crosslinking between the adsorption products and Ca2+. By coating PVB solution, the barrier performance was further improved. Notably, the composite exhibited excellent water vapor resistance (48 g/m2·24 h), water resistance (31 g/m2), oil resistance (kit rating: 12/12) and good mechanical properties. This degradable, environmentally friendly, and simple composite paper method has excellent barrier properties, mechanical properties and fluorine-free properties, and will have many applications in the food and packaging fields.

A novel strategy to assemble achiral ligands to chiral helical polyrotaxane structures.

Using the achiral N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,6-hexanediamine ligand bearing two end pyridyl groups as the source of conformational chirality, a novel type of TMeQ[6]-based helical polyrotaxane was prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The chirality of the polyrotaxane was generated from twisting of the hexylidene of the N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,6-hexanediamine "string" when bound within the hydrophobic cavity of TMeQ[6]. Two opposite chiral helical polyrotaxanes crystallize as a racemic compound.

[Comparison outcomes of three surgical procedures in treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapse and analysis of risk factors for genital prolapse recurrence].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical significance and application of modified pelvic floor reconstruction developed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital (MPFR) in treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by comparing the effectiveness, quality of postoperative sexual life, life satisfaction and risk factors for POP recurrence with the following two surgical procedures: traditional total vaginal hysterectomy with anterior-posterior colporrhaphy (TVH-APC) and total vaginal hysterectomy with lateral colporrhaphy and sacrospinous ligament fixation and vaginal bridge repair and episiotomy (TVH-LC-SSLF-VBR-EP). METHODS: Totally 173 patients with severe POP and at least two compartments defects of pelvic floor underwent surgeries in the study, 86 patients (group A) were treated by MPFR with polypropylene mesh application, 58 (group B) were treated by TVH-APC, and 29 patients (group C) were treated by TVH-LC-SSLF-VBR-EP. Peri-operative data and outcomes of postoperative courses at 6, 12, 18 months were collected and analyzed, in the meantime, the risk factors of recurrence were studied. RESULTS: (1) No statistical difference was observed among the above 3 groups in terms of length of operation, amount of blood loss, length of hospital stay, and morbidity after surgery (P > 0.05). (2) Cost hospitalization was (11 448 ± 3049) Yuan in group A, which was significantly higher than (7262 ± 1607) Yuan in group B and (7140 ± 1817) Yuan in group C (P < 0.05). (3) The length of vaginal cuff of (7.5 ± 1.4) cm in group A and (5.6 ± 1.1) cm in group C were significantly longer than (7.1 ± 0.6) cm in group B (P < 0.05). The width of vaginal cuff of (4.3 ± 0.3) cm in group A was larger than (3.4 ± 0.3) cm in group B and (3.3 ± 0.4) cm in group C (P < 0.05). (4) The recurrence rate at 12 months after surgery was 12.8% (11/86) in group A, which was similar with 17.2% (5/29) in group C (P > 0.05) and significantly less than 36.2% (21/58) in group B (P < 0.05). The rate of active sexual life of 16.3% (14/86) in group A was significantly higher than 1.7% (1/58) in group B and 0 in group C (P < 0.05). The index of life quality improvement at 12 months after surgery was 48 ± 12 in group A, which was no less than 53 ± 16 in group C (P > 0.05) and higher than 27 ± 9 in group B (P < 0.05). (5) Mesh rejection was observed in 6 patients in group A within 3 months after surgery, while the posterior vaginal wall was exclusively involved. No difference was found in urinary retention or urinary incontinence among three groups (P > 0.05). (6) The severe degree of POP, type of surgical procedure (TVT-APC), anterior compartment defect of pelvic floor, and early days of performing pelvic floor reconstruction surgeries were high risk factors for POP recurrence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MPFR has a better curative effect and lower recurrence rate on patients with POP. It can help patients regain integrity of anatomical structure and functions of pelvic floor. TVH-LC-SSLF-VBR-EP is also effective.

A Mixed-ligand Zn(II)-based Coordination Polymer for Selectively Detect 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol (TNP) and Treatment Effect on Periodontal Diseases via Inhibition Effect on P. gingivalis Growth.

A new difunctional Zn(II) coordination polymer (CP) with the chemical formula of [Zn(TBTA) (L)1.5]n (1) has been synthesized hydrothermally from tetrabromoterephthalic acid (H2TBTA) and 4,4'-bis(imidazole-1-yl)-biphenyl (L) ligands. Furthermore, due to its strong intense emission and open N donor sites, complex 1 could be used as a light-emitting sensor to determine 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) which has high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the anti-bacterial effect of the compound against P. gingivalis in vitro was evaluated by measuring the P. gingivalis growth curves after compound treatment. And the RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the relative expression of ragA and ragB, which are important for the P. gingivalis growth. The potential anti-infectious mechanism was further studied by using molecular docking technique.

Fabrication and modification of wavy multicomponent vascular grafts with biomimetic mechanical properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelial cell affinity.

A mismatch of mechanical properties and a high rate of thromboses are two critical challenges of creating viable artificial small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs). Herein, we propose a method to fabricate wavy multicomponent vascular grafts (WMVGs) via electrospinning using an assembled rotating collector. The WMVGs consisted of a wavy silk/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) inner layer and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) outer layer, which mimic the structures and properties of collagen and elastin in native blood vessels, respectively. Attributed to the wavy structure and the combination of rigid silk/PLA and elastic TPU biomaterials, WMVGs are capable of mimicking the nonlinear tensile stress-strain relationship and "toe region" of native blood vessels. In addition, they have sufficient mechanical strength to meet implantation requirements in terms of tensile strength, suture retention, and burst pressure. Further modification of silk/PLA fibers with dopamine and heparin gave the grafts antithrombogenic properties and greatly enhanced endothelial cell affinities. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on modified silk/PLA showed high viability, high proliferation rate, and favorable cell-substrate interactions. Moreover, HUVECs were able to fully cover and freely migrate upward on the lumen of the modified WMVGs without needing a special circulation bioreactor. Therefore, the modified WMVGs possessed biomimetic properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelialization, making them a promising candidate for SDVGs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2397-2408, 2019.

Fabrication of triple-layered vascular grafts composed of silk fibers, polyacrylamide hydrogel, and polyurethane nanofibers with biomimetic mechanical properties.

Mimicking the mechanical properties of native tissue is an important requirement for tissue engineering scaffolds. Blood vessels are subject to repetitive dilation and contraction and possess a special nonlinear mechanical property due to their triple-layered structure. Fabrication of vascular grafts consisting of bioresorbable materials with biomimetic mechanical properties is an urgent demand, as well as a critical challenge. Inspired by the configuration and function of collagen and elastin in native blood vessels, a new type of triple-layered vascular graft (TLVG) was developed in this study. The TLVGs were composed of braided silk as the inner layer, polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel as the middle layer, and electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the outer layer. The woven-structured silk fibers were able to mimic the properties of the loosely distributed collagen fibers, while the highly elastic PAM hydrogel and TPU nanofibers mimicked the elasticity of elastin in the blood vessel. With this specially designed microstructure and combination of rigid and elastic materials, the TLVGs successfully mimicked the nonlinear mechanical property of native blood vessels. Moreover, TLVGs possess sufficient suture retention strength for surgical implantation. The introduction of a PAM hydrogel layer effectively solved the leaking issue for conventional porous vascular grafts and greatly enhanced the burst pressure. In addition, all materials used have high biocompatibility to human endothelial cells, which indicates that the developed TLVGs have high potential to be used as readily available vascular grafts.

Fine-needle aspiration cytological features of Cherubism.

Cherubism is a rare benign, non-neoplastic condition characterized by facial alteration due to symmetrically expansion of bilateral mandibles and maxillas. A fine-needle aspiration of a right cheek mass was performed in a 17-year-old teenager who was previously diagnosed Cherubism. The smears showed moderate cellularity with spindle cells mixed with multinucleated giant cells of osteoclast type. The cells appeared bland with normal nuclear/cytoplasm ratio. The nuclei were round or oval with smooth nuclear membranes and fine, evenly distributed chromatin. These cytologic features were considered consistent with but not diagnostic of Cherubism. Clinical correlations are needed in distinguishing Cherubism from other lesions containing giant cells.

Manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled rotating collector.

The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified rotating collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1-3mm, wall thicknesses of 100-570µm, circumferential moduli of 1-6MPa, ultimate strengths of 2-8MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3-9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.

[Clinical Analysis of EB Virus Infection Complicated with Hemophagocytic Syndrome and Hodgkin's Lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of parhents with EBV infection conbined with hemophagocytic syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS: The morphotogy of bone marrow cells was observed by bone marrow smear and light microscopy, the pathologic changes of bone marrow ware analyzed by bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry methord, the pathologic changes of lymphonudes ware detected by immunohistochemical methord, the paticnts were treated with ABVD （epirubicin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine） chemotherapeutic regimen. RESULTS: Fever complicatid with pancytopenia, obvious increase of ferritin and sCD25, hypofibrinogenemia, hemophogocytic phenomen of bone marrow, increase of EBV-DNA copy number ware observed, which all accorded with the criteria EBV righted hemophagocytic syndrome. The curative efficacy of amtiinfective treatmatnt was poor, After treatment with HLH-2004 regimen, the fever symptome and the laboratory indicaters such as whole blood cells, ferritin and fibrinogen all were recovered to normal levels. Left mandibular lymphadenctasis was confirmed as Hodgkin's lymphoma （mixed cell type） by pathological examination. The patient achieved complete molecular remission after 1 course chemotherapy with ABVD regimen. The level of EBV-DNA copy number were also decreased. As the reshlt, the patient's hemophagocytic syndrome had bean effectively controlled, and the Hodgkin's lymphoma is still in complete remission. CONCLUSION: Epstein-Barr virus-ratated hemophagocytic syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma are rare, and their long-term prognosis needs to be further explored.