Effect of the cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) juice on reducing dentin erosion: an in vitro study.

Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) is a fruit that has an inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) present in dentin and saliva. The inhibition of MMPs has been shown to prevent dentin erosion. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of cranberry juice on the reduction of dentin erosion in vitro. Specimens of bovine dentin (4×4×2 mm) were randomized and divided into 4 groups (n = 17/group): distilled water (C-control, pH 7.2); green tea extract solution containing 400 µm epigallo-catechin-gallate (EGCg, positive control, pH 4.5); 10% cranberry extract (CrE, pH 3.9), and cranberry juice (CrJ, Cranberry JuxxTM, pH 2.8). Specimens were submitted to erosive pH cycles for 5 days. Each day, four demineralizations were carried out with 0.1% citric acid (90 s). After the acid challenges, specimens were rinsed and kept in treatment solutions for 1 min; afterwards, they were rinsed and stored in artificial saliva for 1 h at 37°C (or overnight at the end of each day). After the experimental period of 5 days, dentin loss was evaluated by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Dentin loss (µm ± SD) was significantly lower for all treatments (EGCg = 9.93 ± 2.90; CrE = 12.10 ± 5.44; CrJ = 11.04 ± 5.70) compared to control (21.23 ± 11.96), but it did not significantly differ from each other. These results indicate that the commercial cranberry juice, despite its low pH, is able to reduce dentin erosion, which might be due to the ability of cranberry components to inhibit MMPs.

Effect of the cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) juice on reducing dentin erosion: an in vitro study

Abstract Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) is a fruit that has an inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) present in dentin and saliva. The inhibition of MMPs has been shown to prevent dentin erosion. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of cranberry juice on the reduction of dentin erosion in vitro. Specimens of bovine dentin (4×4×2 mm) were randomized and divided into 4 groups (n = 17/group): distilled water (C-control, pH 7.2); green tea extract solution containing 400 µm epigallo-catechin-gallate (EGCg, positive control, pH 4.5); 10% cranberry extract (CrE, pH 3.9), and cranberry juice (CrJ, Cranberry JuxxTM, pH 2.8). Specimens were submitted to erosive pH cycles for 5 days. Each day, four demineralizations were carried out with 0.1% citric acid (90 s). After the acid challenges, specimens were rinsed and kept in treatment solutions for 1 min; afterwards, they were rinsed and stored in artificial saliva for 1 h at 37°C (or overnight at the end of each day). After the experimental period of 5 days, dentin loss was evaluated by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Dentin loss (µm ± SD) was significantly lower for all treatments (EGCg = 9.93 ± 2.90; CrE = 12.10 ± 5.44; CrJ = 11.04 ± 5.70) compared to control (21.23 ± 11.96), but it did not significantly differ from each other. These results indicate that the commercial cranberry juice, despite its low pH, is able to reduce dentin erosion, which might be due to the ability of cranberry components to inhibit MMPs.

Application of botulinum toxin type A in gummy smile: case report / Aplicação da toxina botulínica tipo A em sorriso gengival: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Gummy smile is one of the major complaints of patients, due to its influence on the self-esteem. It is known that it has a multifactorial cause and can be present in the excessive vertical growth of the maxilla, excessive labial contraction, short upper lip and extrusion of the anterior teeth. The use of the botulinum toxin can be associated with additional treatments or be applied individually, according to the need of each patient. The goal of this research study was to present a clinical case using botulinum toxin type A as an alternative therapy to correct the gummy smile. A 22-year-old patient, presenting vertical maxillary growth, reporting aesthetic discomfort while smiling, chose for an alternative treatment therapy with the application of botulinum toxin to correct the accentuated gingival display. The results show that the toxin is a satisfactory treatment option and its indication is considered a fast, effective, easy and safe treatment method, being a more conservative approach compared to surgical procedures.

RESUMO O sorriso gengival, é uma das grandes queixas dos pacientes, devido a sua influência na auto estima do mesmo. Sua causa é multifatorial, podendo estar presente no excesso de crescimento vertical da maxila, contração labial excessiva, lábio superior curto e extrusão dos dentes anteriores. A aplicação da toxina botulínica pode ser associada a outros tratamentos ou isoladamente, de acordo com a necessidade de cada paciente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar um caso clinico utilizando a toxina botulínica tipo A como uma alternativa terapêutica para a correção do sorriso gengival. Paciente, 22 anos, apresentando crescimento vertical da maxila, relatando desconforto estético ao sorrir, optou pela alternativa terapêutica, com a aplicação da toxina botulínica para correção da exposição gengival acentuada. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a toxina é um tratamento satisfatório e sua indicação é considerada um tratamento rápido, eficaz, fácil e seguro. Um método mais conservador quando comparado aos procedimentos cirúrgicos.

Biomateriais utilizados em artroplastia de quadril / Biomaterials used in hip arthroplasty

Introdução: a artroplastia de quadril é um procedimento cirúrgico utilizado com frequência na recuperação do quadril lesado, sendo necessário a utilização de biomateriais na confecção das próteses que farão a nova função dessa articulação. Os biomateriais mais frequentemente utilizados em reconstruções de quadril podem ser agrupados em: metálicos, poliméricos, cerâmicos e compósitos. Objetivo: discorrer sobre tipos de biomateriais utilizados nos implantes das artroplastias de quadril, apresentando suas características, vantagens e falhas, descritas na literatura. Método: foi realizado uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicos: PubMED/Medline, Lilacs e Scielo. Conclusão: os materiais utilizados em artroplastia de quadril evoluíram muito nos últimos 20 anos, especialmente considerando a resistência ao desgaste. Porém, não é somente o tipo de material implantado que determina os resultados em artroplastia do quadril. Bons resultados dependem de uma cirurgia bem indicada, bem planejada, bem realizada e do uso de material adequado.

Introduction: hip arthroplasty is a surgical procedure frequently used in the recovery of the injured hip, and it is necessary to use biomaterials in the preparation of prostheses that will perform a new function of this joint. The biomaterials most used in hip reconstructions can be grouped into metallic, polymeric, ceramic and composite. Objective: to describe the types of biomaterials used in hip arthroplasty implants, presenting their characteristics, advantages and failures, descriptions in the literature. Method: a literature review was performed in the electronic databases: PubMED / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo. Conclusion: the materials used in hip arthroplasty have evolved a lot in the last 20 years, considering the resistance to wear. However, it is not the type of implanted material that determines the results in hip arthroplasty. Good results depend on well-indicated, well-planned, well-performed surgery and use of the right material.

Estudo comparativo da resposta do tecido ósseo em técnica de regeneração tecidual guiada – avaliação macroscópica: parte 1 / Comparative study of bone response guided tissue regeneration technique - macroscopic evaluation: part 1

O reparo de defeitos ósseos é um desafio para diversas áreas, pois a invasão de células fibroblásticas no defeito, resulta em tecido conjuntivo cicatricial. Assim, os princípios de Regeneração Tecidual Guiada (RTG) estão bem estabelecidos para tratamento de defeitos ósseos. Essa técnica consiste na utilização de biomembranas que agem como barreiras e evitam a invasão dos fibroblastos e permite o povoamento com células osteoprogenitoras. O presente trabalho propôs-se avaliar o crescimento e potencial regenerativo em defeitos ósseos através de avaliações macroscópicas e radiográficas. Para tanto, 27 coelhos foram divididos em 3 grupos experimentais de acordo com o tratamento: Controle (A), Látex (B) e PTFE (C). Então, subdivididos em 3 grupos para análise de neoformação periódica: 15 (I); 30 (II) e 60 dias (III). As cobaias foram submetidas à cirurgia para confecção de defeitos ósseos críticos em calvária e tratamento específico de cada grupo. Após os períodos os animais foram sacrificados e obtidas as peças anatômicas para as radiografias pelo método Digora e fotografias digitais. As análises macroscópicas permitiram observar crescimento ósseo e áreas radiopacas sugestivas de tecido ósseo. No período de 15 dias a densidade óssea nos grupos experimentais no defeito foi semelhante. Contudo, aos 60 dias, verificou-se formação óssea homogênea para Látex e vários níveis de radiopacidade para PTFE e controle. Dentro das limitações, conclui-se que biomembranas são bem indicadas em processos cirúrgicos para regeneração óssea, visto que as barreiras impedem ou dificultam a migração de células incompatíveis com o tecido a ser neoformado e promove a osteogênese.

The repair of bone defects is challenge for many areas, since the invasion of fibroblast cells in the defect, resulting in scar tissue. Thus, the principles of Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) are well established for treatment of bone defects. This technique is the use of bio-membranes that act as barriers and prevent the invasion of fibroblasts and allows the placement of osteoprogenitor cells. The proposition of this study is evaluate the mechanical growth and regenerative potential in bone defects by macroscopic and radiographic analyses. Twenty-seven rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to treatment: control (A), Latex (B) and PTFE (C). Then divided into 3 groups for analysis of periodic neoformation: 15 (I), 30 (II) and 60 days (III). The animals were subjected to surgical preparation of bone defects in critical calvaria and specific treatment of each group. After the period, they were sacrificed and collected the body parts for X-rays by the Digora method and digital photographs. Macroscopic analysis allowed observed bone growth and areas suggestive of bone tissue. During 15 days of bone density in the experimental groups in the defect was similar. However, after 60 days, there was bone formation for homogeneous in group of Latex and various levels of radiopacity to PTFE and control. Within the experimental conditions, the biomembranes are well indicated in surgical procedures for bone regeneration, since the barriers preventing or hindering cell migration incompatible with the tissue to be newly formed and promotes osteogenesis.