Doxorubicin Expands in Vivo Secretion of Circulating Exosome in Mice.

Modulation of tumor immunity is a known factor in the antitumor activity of many chemotherapeutic agents. Exosomes are extracellular nanometric vesicles that are released by almost all types of cells, which includes cancer cells. These vesicles play a crucial role in tumor immunity. Many in vitro studies have reproduced the aggressive secretion of exosomes following treatment with conventional anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, how chemotherapeutic agents including nanomedicines such as Doxil® affect the in vivo secretion of exosomes is yet to be elucidated. In this study, the effect of intravenous injection of either free doxorubicin (DXR) or liposomal DXR formulation (Doxil®) on exosome secretion was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Exosomes were isolated from serum by using an ExoQuick™ kit. Free DXR treatment markedly increased serum exosome levels in a post-injection time-dependent manner, while Doxil® treatment did not. Exosomal size distribution and marker protein expressions (CD9, CD63, and TSG101) were studied. The physical/biological characteristics of treatment-induced exosomes were comparable to those of control mice. Interestingly, splenectomy significantly suppressed the copious exosomal secretions induced by free DXR. Collectively, our results indicate that conventional anticancer agents induce the secretion of circulating exosomes, presumably via stimulating immune cells of the spleen. As far as we know, this study represents the first report indicating that conventional chemotherapeutics may induce exosome secretion which might, in turn, contribute partly to the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutic agents.

Rehabilitación oral compleja en un paciente comprometido periodontalmente. Reporte de caso clínico y seguimiento por 6 años / Oral complex rehabilitation in periodontally compromised patient. Clinical case report and follow-up for 6 years

RESUMEN La rehabilitación oral de pacientes comprometidos periodontalmente nos plantea un desafío clínico ya que conlleva muchos pasos sensibles y sobre todo el compromiso del paciente para cumplir un plan de mantenimiento adecuado. Por lo tanto, para alcanzar los resultados esperados es necesario e imprescindible un tratamiento multidisciplinario que involucre especialidades que trabajen bajo un plan de tratamiento coordinado. Con la introducción de los implantes dentales se ha proporcionado beneficios a los pacientes llevando a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente así como su grado de satisfacción. En el presente artículo se relata el caso clínico de un paciente periodontalmente comprometido, su tratamiento y seguimiento por seis años hasta alcanzar el éxito del mismo con una rehabilitación implanto soportada tipo prótesis híbrida en el maxilar superior y coronas cementadas sobre implantes en el maxilar inferior siguiendo un protocolo que nos brinda predictibilidad y una alta satisfacción del paciente.

SUMMARY The oral rehabilitation of periodontally compromised patients present a clinical challenges be-cause takes many sensible steps, especially the patient's commitment to perform a maintenance plan. Therefore, in order to achieve the expected results, a multidisciplinary treatment involving specialties that work under a coordinated treatment plan is essential. The introduction of dental implants has provided benefits to leading to improving the quality of life and the satisfaction of the patient. In the present article a clinical case of a periodontal compromised patient is related, treatment and follow-up for six years to the success of such treatment an implant supported rehabilitation type hybrid prosthesis in the maxilla and crowns cemented on implants in the lower jaw is reported following a protocol that provides us with adequate treatment predictability and high patient satisfaction.

Sobredentadura sobre implantes dentales reforzada con rejilla metálica como alternativa de tratamiento / Overdentureon dental implants reinforced with metal grid alternative treatment

Este artículo presenta el reporte de un caso clínico donde fue utilizada una prótesis tipo sobredentadura implatomucosoportada con refuerzo metálico y retención barra-clip como reemplazo de los dientes perdidos. El tratamiento convencional de pacientes desdentados totales ha sido con prótesis completas soportadas sobre la mucosa; y la retención, estabilidad y soporte dependían de la cantidad de hueso remanente. Con la introducción de los implantes dentales se han proporcionado beneficios al aumentar la retención, estabilidad y soporte de la prótesis dental. A continuación se presenta un caso clínico en el cual se describe paso a paso la elaboración de una prótesis tipo sobredentadura implantomucosoportada con refuerzo de malla metálica previamente planificada, reproduciendo la estética natural del paciente, proporcionándole una adecuada retención y estabilidad oclusal en un paciente con limitado espacio interoclusal.

Dissolution effect and cytotoxicity of diamond-like carbon coatings on orthodontic archwires.

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) has been used for implants in orthodontics due to the unique properties such as shape memory effect and superelasticity. However, NiTi alloys are eroded in the oral cavity because they are immersed by saliva with enzymolysis. Their reactions lead corrosion and nickel release into the body. The higher concentrations of Ni release may generate harmful reactions. Ni release causes allergenic, toxic and carcinogenic reactions. It is well known that diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have excellent properties, such as extreme hardness, low friction coefficients, high wear resistance. In addition, DLC film has many other superior properties as a protective coating for biomedical applications such as biocompatibility and chemical inertness. Therefore, DLC film has received enormous attention as a biocompatible coating. In this study, DLC film coated NiTi orthodontic archwires to protect Ni release into the oral cavity. Each wire was immersed in physiological saline at the temperature 37 degrees C for 6 months. The release concentration of Ni ions was detected using microwave induced plasma mass spectrometry (MIP-MS) with the resolution of ppb level. The toxic effect of Ni release was studied the cell growth using squamous carcinoma cells. These cells were seeded in 24 well culture plates and materials were immersed in each well directly. The concentration of Ni ions in the solutions had been reduced one-sixth by DLC films when compared with non-coated wire. This study indicated that DLC films have the protective effect of the diffusion and the non-cytotoxicity in corrosive environment.

Estudio comparativo de la exactitud dimensional de tres materiales de impresión elastoméricos utilizados con y sin aplicación de adhesivos en prótesis fija / A comparative study of the dimensional accuracy of three clastomeric impression materials used with and without application of adhesives in fixed prosthodontic

El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la exactitud dimensional de tres materiales de impresión con y sin aplicación de adhesivo. Los materiales utilizados fueron: silicona de condensación Oranwash L, Zetaplus (Zhermack), silicona de adición Elite H-D (Zhermack®) y poliéter ImpregumÕ Soft (3M ESPE). Se confeccionó un modelo maestro de acero inoxidable, el cual simulaba una hemi- arcada con preparaciones para prótesis fija. Por cada material se realizaron 20 impresiones, a 10 se les aplicó adhesivo a la cubeta. Se tomaron siete medidas a los modelos de yeso obtenidos de éstas impresiones mediante una máquina de medición por coordenadas Beyond 700 /900 Mitutoyo Corporation®, para ser comparadas con las medidas del modelo maestro. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con y sin aplicación de adhesivo para la silicona de condensación en la medida de la distancia bucolingual del pilar 1 (M7) y para la silicona de adición en la medida entre pilares (M6), mientras que para el poliéter no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Para todos los materiales de impresión se encontraron diferencias significativas con y sin aplicación de adhesivo y el modelo maestro, sin embargo con aplicación de adhesivo se encontró resultados más exactos. Con la silicona de adición se obtuvieron modelos más exactos tanto con como sin aplicación de adhesivo.

The purpose of this study was to compare the dimensional accuracy of three impression materials with and without application of adhesives. The materials used were: condensation silicone Oranwash L, Zetaplus (Zhermack®), addition silicone Elite H-D (Zhermack®) and Polyether ImpregumÕ Soft (3M ESPE). A master model, was made of stainless steel, which simulated one hemi-arch with preparations for fixed prosthesis. For each material, 20 impressions were made ,in which 10 of them had adhesive over the tray impression and to the other 10 had no adhesive applied. Seven measures were taken :M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 y M7, of the stone cast and were evaluated by means of a machine of measurement that coordinates, Beyond 700 /900 Mitutoyo Corporation®, to compared them with the measures of a master model. Student's t - test was used to compare the measures with and without application of adhesive, and between the stone casts and the master model. Analysis of Variation (Tukey) was used to compare between impression materials. Significant differences were found between the ones that had been added and those without the application of adhesive, for condensation silicone in the M7 measurement and for additional silicone in the M6 measurement; whereas polyether had no significant difference. Significant differences were found between all the materials with and without adhesive application and the master model, however the ones with the adhesive application result more accurate. The addition silicone was the material that showed more accurate results with and without adhesive application.

Evaluación clínica del estado de salud gingival en pacientes portadores de puentes fijos, cuyos retenedores poseen márgenes coronarios de extensión subgingival y supragingival / Clinical evaluation of the gingival health in fixed prosthesis wearers with subgingival and supragingival margins of the retainers

El presente trabajo se realizó con el fin de evaluar clínicamente y comparar las reacciones inflamatorias que podrían, o no, producirse en la gingiva adyacente a restauraciones que poseían extensiones subgingivales y supragingivales. Se trabajó con un total de 14 piezas dentarias en 7 pacientes, en cada uno de ellos se confeccionó un puente fijo posterior; cada retenedor, en su cara vestibular, llevaba desde la mitad de la pieza pilar hacia mesial una extensión subgingival y desde la mitad hacia distal una extensión supragingival. Se llevó un control premanente del índice de placa y gingival de los pacientes que se seleccionaron para el estudio, desde antes de iniciar el tratamiento hasta un mes después de cementar definitivamente el puente. Al finalizar los controles, que se realizaron semanalmente, se encontró que no había diferencia significativa entre las reacciones inflamatorias que se produjeron en la gingiva adyacente a las dos extensiones; en ambas, incluso, hubo un buen porcentaje de casos que mantuvieron sin alteración el estado de salud gingival