Is it safe and effective to extract impacted maxillary tooth adjacent to maxillary sinus via submaxillary sinus membrane space approach?-a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes following extraction of impacted maxillary tooth adjacent to maxillary via submaxillary sinus membrane space approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients were enrolled in our study. The positions of the maxillary impacted tooth were confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Cases were randomly divided into two groups: the "submaxillary sinus membrane space approach" was applied in the new method (NM) group, and the conventional "avoid maxillary sinus membrane exposure" strategy was executed in the traditional method (TM) group. The clinical and follow-up data were recorded. RESULTS: The duration of the procedure in the TM group was significantly longer than those in the NM group (P < 0.05). Four teeth were accidentally displaced into the maxillary sinus with MSM perforation. The MSM perforation rate was slightly higher in the TM group than in the NM group, however, without significant difference between the two groups (8/36 vs. 3/36, P = 0.19). The maxillary sinus membrane perforation was associated with the displacement of tooth into the maxillary sinus (OR = 16.2, P = 0.026). The root tip exposure of the adjacent tooth was significantly higher in the TM group than in the NM group (10/36 vs. 1/36, P = 0.006). The incidence of reduced pulp vitality of the adjacent tooth was significantly higher in the TM group (10/36 vs. 1/36, P = 0.006), and it was associated with the exposure of the root tip intraoperatively (OR = 456.5, P < 0.001). The incidence of external root resorption was significantly lower in the NM group, and there was no significant association with the root exposure intraoperatively (OR = 3.7, P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Submaxillary sinus membrane space approach is a safe and efficient approach in extraction of impacted maxillary tooth. It is an alternative way for cases which are in close proximity to the maxillary sinus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A novel method to extract impacted maxillary tooth adjacent to maxillary sinus.

Analgesic Effects and Adverse Reactions of Lidocaine for Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia on Patients Undergoing Open Hepatectomy: A Retrospective Analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lidocaine for patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in patients who underwent open hepatectomy. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. METHODS: A total of 281 patients who underwent open hepatectomy from July 2018 to December 2018 were included. All patients were assigned into two groups: the lidocaine group (PCIA consisted of lidocaine, sufentanil, tramadol and granisetron) and the control group (PCIA consisted of sufentanil, tramadol and granisetron). The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and complications (including respiratory depression, hypotension, nausea and vomiting, pruritus, numbness of the corners of the mouth, dizziness) between the groups were compared. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences between the characteristics, duration of surgery and anesthesia, and recovery of postoperative activity between the two groups. In the first 3 days after the operation, the postoperative VAS score of the lidocaine group was lower than that of the control group at resting state, while after activity, the postoperative VAS contrast results were completely opposite. In particularly, the resting state at 48 hours (h) (1.05 ± 1.25 vs 1.57 ± 1.54) after surgery and the activity state at 72 h (3.02 ± 1.51 vs 2.2 ± 1.66) after surgery (P < 0.05). The incidence of mouth numbness and dizziness were significantly increased in the lidocaine group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of lidocaine in PCIA was not beneficial to improve the pain during activities and increased the incidence of perioral numbness and dizziness.

pH-responsive nonwoven fabric with reversibly wettability for controllable oil-water separation and heavy metal removal.

Removal of organic solvents and heavy metals in effluents is of great significance to environmental pollution control and ecological civilization construction. pH-responsive materials have unique advantages in treating complicated oily wastewater. In this work, an intelligent pH-responsive nonwoven fabric with excellent reversible wettability was prepared. The pH-sensitive polymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization (FRP) technique, then dipped with SiO2 on PP fabric. The particular molecular structure of poly (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) enabled the fabric surface to switch wettability rapidly between hydrophilic/underwater oleophobic and oleophobic/hydrophobic under pH stimulus and exhibit controllable selective separation of various oil/water mixtures. Furthermore, the fabric removed Pb2+ efficiently under a wide pH range. The experimetal results showed that the separation flux reached 19,229 ± 1656.43 L-h-1-m-2 for water and 19,342 ± 1796.77 L-m-2-h-1 for n-hexane. Besides, the obtained fabric effectively realized the separation and collection process of complex ternary mixtures. The fabric removed Pb2+ in solutions with efficiency up to 90.83%. After immersing in acid and alkali solutions for 24 h, no significant damage to the surface wettability. This economical and intelligent fabric is able to meet the different separation purposes of industrial wastewaters with complex compositions.

Bioinspired design of underwater superoleophobic Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/ polyacrylonitrile/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes for highly efficient oil/water separation and photocatalysis.

Inspired by fish scales, this study prepares a thermo-responsive underwater oleophobic PNIPAM/PAN/TiO2 nanofibrous membranes by traditional electrospinning technique using poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Thermal properties, mechanical properties, surface chemical composition, wettability, photocatalysis, and oil/water separation of PNIPAM/PAN/TiO2 membrane are explored compared to pure PNIPAM membrane. Result reveals that PAN/TiO2 compounds make PNIPAM membrane with a smaller fiber diameter of 141 nm and high tensile stress of 7.4 MPa, and also decompose 98% of rhodamine B after UV light radiation. This bioinspired design structure endows the membrane with superhydrophilicity with a low water contact angle, and underwater superoleophobicity with a high oil contact angle of 157° (petroleum ether) and 151° (dichloromethane). This membrane can efficiency separate oil/water mixture with a high separation efficiency. Moreover, the resultant PNIPAM/PAN/TiO2 membrane has the bionic fish scale structure, and has wettability respond at lower critical solution temperature making the water flux decreased from 10013 ± 367 L m-2·h-1 to 7713 ± 324 L m-2·h-1, and thus has a potential to be used in purification of reclaimed water and separation of oil from water.

Biomimetic helical fiber cellulose acetate/thermoplastic polyurethanes photodynamic antibacterial membrane: Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial application.

This study designed a novel co-electrospun cellulose acetate (CA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) photodynamic helical fiber antibacterial membrane as a potential environmentally friendly medical protective material. A central combined design method (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze essential variables' influence. The optimized parameters for CCD were TPU (wt%) 11.68 %, CA (wt%) 13.89 %, DMAc/ACE volume ratio 0.147, LiCl (wt%) 1.39 %, and voltage (kV) 14.43 V. Pitch and pitch diameter were the response process as the critical output variable. The membranes were characterized by SEM, TG, FT-IR, and molecular structure analysis. The results showed that the photodynamic helical fiber antimicrobial membrane exhibited synergistic effects of the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) and antimicrobial agent under average daylight irradiation. The release rate of -OH was 98.22 %, and H2O2 was 88.36 % under the action of 20 min of light. The bactericidal rates of S. aureus and E. coli reached 99.9 % and 99.7 %, respectively. The fiber helical structure can increase the light absorption rate, thus increasing the release rate and amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) species, increasing the antibacterial rate. After washing five times, the antibacterial membrane has excellent antibacterial performance and a dark antibacterial effect.

Braided scaffolds with polypyrrole/polydopamine/hydroxyapatite coatings with electrical conductivity and osteogenic properties for bone tissue engineering.

When impaired bones are grafted with bone scaffolds, the behaviors of osteoblast are dependent on the implant materials and surface morphology. To this end, we modulated the surface morphology of scaffolds that promote cell growth. In this study, ice-template and spraying method methods are employed to coat different proportions of PDA and PPy over the PLA/PVA weaving scaffolds, after which HA is Coated over via the electrochemical deposition, forming weaving scaffolds with electrically conductive PDA/PPy/HA coating. The test results indicate that with a PPy/PDA concentration ratio is 30, the PPy particles are more uniformly distributed on the fiber surface. The scaffolds are wrapped in a HA coating layer with a high purity, and calcium and phosphorus elements are evenly dispersed with a Ca/P ratio being 1.69. Owing to the synergistic effect between PDA and PPy coating, the scaffolds demonstrate excellent electrochemical stability and electrochemical activity. The biological activity of the scaffold increased to 274.66% under electrical stimulation. The new thinking proposed by this study extends the worth of applying textile structure to the medical field, the application of which highly increases the prospect of bone tissue engineering.

A two-step strategy to deposit a hydroxyapatite coating on polydopamine-coated polymer fibers.

As the main inorganic component of human bones and teeth, hydroxyapatite (HA), with excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility, shows great potential in the bone tissue engineering field. Marine mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) possesses unique functional groups and thus can absorb the calcium ions from extracellular fluid, thereby triggering the precipitation of HA. This study is based on a two-step strategy. Using the chemical activity of PDA, polyvinyl alcohol/polylactic acid (PVA/PLA) braids were coated with a PDA layer that served as a template for the electrochemical deposition of a HA layer. The test results indicate that the resulting HA crystals were assembled on the polymer fibers in an urchin-like mannerwith a stratified structure. Subsequently, the HA/PDA-PVA/PLA braided bone scaffolds were immersed in simulated body fluid for ten days, after which the bone scaffolds were found to be completely coated with HA, indicating a good biomineralization capability. Cell activity of HA/PDA-PVA/PLA scaffolded by dopamine-assisted electrodeposition was 178.8% than that of PVA/PLA braids. This HA coating layer inspired by biochemical strategies may be useful in the field of bone tissue engineering.

Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by Bi2.15WO6 complexed with polydopamine: Contribution of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer path.

Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in water environments attracts more attention; however, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by polydopamine modified Bi2.15WO6 (PDA/BWO) under visible light was conducted. Kinetics results show that PDA apparently accelerates the reduction of Cr(VI). The quasi-first-order kinetic constant of Cr(VI) reduction by 5PDA/BWO is 70.0 times that of the original BWO, reaching 0.070 min-1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman analyses confirm the formation of ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) complex [Bi(III)OC] between PDA and BWO. The formed Bi(III)OC complex enhances visible light response and narrows the bandgap of PDA/BWO. The photoelectrochemical and photoluminescent characterization further reveals that the formed Bi(III)OC complex inhibits the recombination of carriers, thus enhancing the photocatalytic reactivity of PDA/BWO. Electrons, are derived from three paths, including dye sensitization, LMCT and bandgap excitation, contribute to Cr(VI) reduction by PDA/BWO. This study provides new insights on the paths of Cr(VI) reduction by PDA/BWO under visible light.

Silk fibroin/polycaprolactone-polyvinyl alcohol directional moisture transport composite film loaded with antibacterial drug-loading microspheres for wound dressing materials.

Drug delivery technology can prevent wound infection and inflammatory reactions and accelerate wound healing and quality. In this paper, we propose preparing a multifunctional medical dressing to meet the various needs of people for dressing. A multi-layered composite nanofiber membrane was constructed using silk fibroin as the substrate, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with high adsorption properties were first prepared and then electrosprayed on silk fibroin (SF)/chitosan (CS) microspheres to form MSN-SF/CS microspheres with uniform distribution. Then the MSN-SF/CS microspheres were sprayed on the silk fibroin (SF)/polycaprolactone (PCL)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) unidirectional water-conducting composite nanofiber membrane. The test results showed that the encapsulation rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by MSN-SF/CS drug-loaded microspheres was 65.53% and the cumulative release rate in vitro was 54.46%. The results of in vitro experiments also showed its good antibacterial effect and good biocompatibility. To eliminate excess wound exudate and reduce inflammation, the cumulative unidirectional transport capacity (AOTC) of 651.75% was achieved by spraying the microspheres on an SF/PCL- PVA unidirectional water conductive composite membrane. This study could stimulate and promote the use of additional wound healing biomaterials in clinical medicine.

Two-step strategy for constructing hierarchical pore structured chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Chitosan (CS) combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) was injected into a composite braid, and a hierarchical pore structure scaffold was obtained by freeze drying and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology. The CS/HA/braid scaffold with hierarchical pore structure was analyzed and characterized by scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, true color confocal microscopy, improved liquid replacement method, and phosphate buffer solution immersion. The mechanical properties and degradation ability of the scaffold were evaluated through compression test and degradation test. Results showed that HA addition endowed the core of the scaffold with macroscopic pore sizes of 80-180 µm, and CAP treatment endowed the shell of the scaffold with microscopic pore sizes ≤10 µm. All scaffolds exhibited high porosity and swelling rates of ≥80 % and ≥300 %, respectively. The scaffold with a hierarchical pore structure had good mechanical properties and twice the degradation rate. In addition, the treated scaffold precipitated intact spherical HA crystals. Under the synergistic effect of HA and CAP treatment, scaffolds achieved 277.6 % cell viability compared with pure CS scaffold. Overall, this method was feasible for preparing bone scaffolds with hierarchical pore structure for potential bone tissue engineering.

Manufacture and characteristics of HA-Electrodeposited polylactic acid/polyvinyl alcohol biodegradable braided scaffolds.

This study proposes the braided bone scaffolds. First, biologically degradable polylactic acid (PLA) filaments and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments are plied into composite yarns using a doubling and twisting machine. The composite yarns are tested to determine the optimal mechanical properties and a stabilized morphology. The PLA/PVA composite yarns are then braided into bone scaffolds, during which the optimal braiding process parameters and yarn ratio are determined. Based on the surface observation and tensile strength, a gear ratio of 45:45 provides the tubular braids with an optimal morphology and porosity that meet the biological requirements. When the PLA/PVA ratio is 3:1, the braids exhibit the maximum tensile properties and the most stable space structure. Furthermore, to make the braids a bioactive material with surface active sites, the braids are coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) by electrodeposition. The resulting HA-electrodeposited bone scaffolds are tested by in vitro biological experiments using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis(EDAX), X-ray Diffraction(XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), thereby examining their characteristics and microstructure. Results suggest that HA is electrodeposited over the bone scaffolds successfully. The immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) is proven to contribute a good in vitro bioactivity to bone scaffolds. As a result, bone scaffolds are a good candidate for the application in the cancellous bone repairing field.

In situ growth polydopamine decorated polypropylen melt-blown membrane for highly efficient oil/water separation.

The removal of organic pollutants from water is highly desired because of the development of industrial and social economy. Superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membranes are emerging materials for effective oil/water separation. In this paper, superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic polypropylene (PP) melt-blown membranes were prepared through melt-blown and in situ growth method, achieving highly efficient oil/water separation. After in situ growth, polydopamine (PDA) grows on the surface of PP fibers, and the addition of coupling agent (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APTES) can improve the stability of the membrane in harsh environments (1 M HCl, 1 M NaOH, 1 M NaCl). The PDA/APTES@PP membrane could dramatically enhance the wetting (water contact angle ∼0, underwater oil contact angle∼154°) compare with the pristine PP melt-blown membrane (water contact angle ∼130°, underwater oil contact angle ∼0). Moreover, the filtration performance is at a high level (∼99%). The behaviors are comparable or even superior to the typical reported results in the references (such as the mussel-inspired superhydrophilic PVDF membrane and copper mesh). This method provides a facile route to prepared multi-functional membrane for highly efficiency oil/water separation and industrial oily wastewater remediation.

Influence of packaging materials on postharvest physiology and texture of garlic cloves during refrigeration storage.

This study aims to investigate the postharvest physiology and texture of garlic cloves packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), aluminized kraft paper (AKP), single kraft paper (SKP), and mesh bag. Germination rate, electrical conductivity, respiration intensity, water content, and texture were determined during 180 d storage at -2 °C. Results showed that the germination of garlic cloves packaged in PET, PE, and AKP was effectively inhibited during storage. PE effectively reduced the degree of damage to the cell membranes of the garlic cloves. PE and SKP significantly inhibited respiratory intensity during storage. Garlic cloves water content did not change significantly in 90 d storage which packaged in PE and SKP. PE exhibited better effect on the texture and freshness of garlic cloves than the other materials. In conclusion, PE is the best packaging material for maintaining the quality attributes and extending the shelf lives of garlic cloves.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment and current density on the properties of hydroxyapatite coating via electrodeposition and its in vitro biomineralization behavior.

In this study, ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition is used to prepare uniform and smooth hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the surface of the braids, which can be potentially applied as biodegradable bone scaffolds. During the electro-deposition process, the ultrasonic power (0 W and 20 W) and current density (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mA/cm2) are altered in order to evaluate their influences on the properties of HA coating over the braid surface. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images show that the crystals growth stages of HA include spherical particles, plate-like and needle-like crystals when electro-deposited for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. In particular, when electro-deposited for 60 min, the needle-like structure of HA coatings shows a significant increase in density as a result of increasing the current density or the employment of ultrasonic treatment. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that when the current density increases from 2.5 mA/cm2 to 7.5 mA/cm2, the grain size decreases from 413.65 ±â€¯63.12 nm to 264.56 ±â€¯65.33 nm. With the aid of ultrasonic treatment, the HA coating demonstrates a calcium­phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio that resembles that of the human skeleton being 1.67. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results show the highest crystallinity reaches 73.52% at 7.5 mA/cm2-20 W. The cavitation effect of ultrasonic can improve the roughness of HA coating distinctively. Finally, the 7-day immersion into simulated body fluid (SBF) demonstrated a denser and finer apatite precipitation on the HA coating fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition. Therefore, this study provides a feasible ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition method that yields a good morphology of bioactive substances coating over braid or other rugged deposition substrate for potential degradable bone scaffolds.

[Clinical research of EDTA pretreatment on the bonding strength of resin].

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate clinical results of adhesives to sclerotic dentin in non-carious cervical lesions pretreated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). METHODS: Twelve patients who had at least one pair of teeth with typical cervical wedge-shaped defects and class III sclerotic dentin were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, EDTA was used to pretreat dentin surface first and then self-etching resin adhesive; In the control group, only self-etching resin adhesive was used. Modified USPHS rating system was applied in baseline, 6 months and 12 months after treatment. SAS 8.02 software package was used for two-sample rank sum test. RESULTS: At the time point of 6-month and 12-month, the scores in the experimental group were significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EDTA pretreatment of the sclerotic dentin of cervical wedge-shaped defects could improve the resin bonding strength, marginal discoloration, marginal form and surface quality.

[Effect of compound Chinese traditional medicine on periapical periodontitis in dogs and cytotoxic assay].

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of compound Chinese traditional medicine(CTM), which is composed of gallic acid, magnolol and polysaccharide of Bletilla, against apical periodontitis in dogs and cytotoxic assay. METHODS: A animal model of apical periodontitis was built, CTM was then used to disinfect the root canal. The effect of the restoration of periapical bone in dogs was investigated after regular root canal filling. SAS6.12 software package was used for statistical analysis, and MTT was used to test cell toxicity of CTM. RESULTS: CTM can cure inflammation effectively, and CTM had no cytotoxic effect on periodontal ligament cells at 5-week. CONCLUSIONS: The compound Chinese traditional medicine may be an effective disinfecting drug for root canal disinfection.

Colorimetric photonic hydrogel aptasensor for the screening of heavy metal ions.

We have developed a robust method for the visual detection of heavy metal ions (such as Hg(2+) and Pb(2+)) by using aptamer-functionalized colloidal photonic crystal hydrogel (CPCH) films. The CPCHs were derived from a colloidal crystal array of monodisperse silica nanoparticles, which were polymerized within the polyacrylamide hydrogel. The heavy metal ion-responsive aptamers were then cross-linked in the hydrogel network. During detection, the specific binding of heavy metal ions and cross-linked single-stranded aptamers in the hydrogel network caused the hydrogel to shrink, which was detected as a corresponding blue shift in the Bragg diffraction peak position of the CPCHs. The shift value could be used to estimate, quantitatively, the amount of the target ion. It was demonstrated that our CPCH aptasensor could screen a wide concentration range of heavy metal ions with high selectivity and reversibility. In addition, these aptasensors could be rehydrated from dried gels for storage and aptamer protection. It is anticipated that our technology may also be used in the screening of a broad range of metal ions in food, drugs and the environment.