The role of health literacy as a factor associated with tooth loss.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze the role of health literacy (HL) as a factor associated with tooth loss among users of the Brazilian Health System with chronic non-communicable diseases. METHODS: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with adult and elderly users chosen at ten Family Health Clinics in a draw in the town of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic data (sex, age, skin color and education), behavioral data (brushing and flossing), determinants in health (type of dental health services and how often) and clinical data (pain). Mouth conditions were collected by intraoral examination of visible dental biofilm and community Pediodontal Index. The systemic clinical conditions (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure) were extracted from the medical records. The explanatory variable was HL (low, medium and high), measured with the Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTS: The outcome was tooth loss measured by the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth. Logistic regression was performed using a conceptual model for HL (p < 0.05). For the 238 subjects, the mean age was 62.7 years (± 10.55). Tooth loss was associated with HL in regression models adjusted by type of dental service, dental frequency, and dental floss. In the final model, the factors associated with tooth loss are older age (OR = 1,12; 95%CI: 1,07-1,17), a lower education (OR = 3,43; 95%CI: 1,17-10,10), irregular use of dental floss (OR = 4,58; 95%CI: 1.75 in-7,31), irregular use of dental services (n = 2,60; 95% 1,32-5,12), periodontal pocket (> 4 mm) (n = 0,31; 95%CI: 0,01-0,08), having visible dental biofilm (OR = 7,23; 95%CI: 3,19-16,41) and a higher level of blood sugar (glucose) (n = 1,98; 95%CI: 1.00-3,92). CONCLUSIONS: tooth loss was associated with HL when adjusted by health behaviors; when sociodemographic variables and clinical conditions were included, it was less significant. In the final model, behaviors, determinants in health and clinical conditions were risk indicators of tooth loss, showing the multifactorial nature of this phenomenon.

Effects of the intervention of the Multicenter Study IDEFICS on the prevalence of caries in Spanish children

Aim: To evaluate the effects of an intervention for the prevention of obesity on the prevalence of dental caries disease in Spanish children. Methods: Two cities participated intervention study nested in a cohort IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle induced health effects in children and infants): Huesca, where there was a 2-year intervention, which encouraged less sugar consumption; and Zaragoza (control). The prevalence of caries was evaluated by examining the 1st permanent molars in the 7-11 age range, using the ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System). These teeth erupt at 6 years of age and at the baseline (2007-2008) were free of caries because they were not present in the oral cavity. As outcomes, white spots were selected, combining the ICDAS criteria 1 and 2, and untreated caries, combining criteria 4, 5 and 6. Their association with socioeconomic variables, BMI (Body Mass Index), frequency of sugar intake, sex and parents' perceptions of their children, was investigated. To do so, the chi-square test was applied (p<0.05). Results: The sample consisted of 281 children. The prevalence of white spots and untreated caries was higher in Huesca, despite the intervention. There was no association between the outcomes and the variables studied (p>0.05). Conclusion: The intervention for the prevention of obesity did not exert any association with the prevalence of caries in Spanish children

The role of health literacy as a factor associated with tooth loss / O papel da literacia em saúde como fator associado às perdas dentárias

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the role of health literacy (HL) as a factor associated with tooth loss among users of the Brazilian Health System with chronic non-communicable diseases. METHODS The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with adult and elderly users chosen at ten Family Health Clinics in a draw in the town of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. A questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic data (sex, age, skin color and education), behavioral data (brushing and flossing), determinants in health (type of dental health services and how often) and clinical data (pain). Mouth conditions were collected by intraoral examination of visible dental biofilm and community Pediodontal Index. The systemic clinical conditions (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure) were extracted from the medical records. The explanatory variable was HL (low, medium and high), measured with the Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTS The outcome was tooth loss measured by the index of decayed, missing and filled teeth. Logistic regression was performed using a conceptual model for HL (p < 0.05). For the 238 subjects, the mean age was 62.7 years (± 10.55). Tooth loss was associated with HL in regression models adjusted by type of dental service, dental frequency, and dental floss. In the final model, the factors associated with tooth loss are older age (OR = 1,12; 95%CI: 1,07-1,17), a lower education (OR = 3,43; 95%CI: 1,17-10,10), irregular use of dental floss (OR = 4,58; 95%CI: 1.75 in-7,31), irregular use of dental services (n = 2,60; 95% 1,32-5,12), periodontal pocket (> 4 mm) (n = 0,31; 95%CI: 0,01-0,08), having visible dental biofilm (OR = 7,23; 95%CI: 3,19-16,41) and a higher level of blood sugar (glucose) (n = 1,98; 95%CI: 1.00-3,92). CONCLUSIONS tooth loss was associated with HL when adjusted by health behaviors; when sociodemographic variables and clinical conditions were included, it was less significant. In the final model, behaviors, determinants in health and clinical conditions were risk indicators of tooth loss, showing the multifactorial nature of this phenomenon.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo foi analisar o papel da Literacia em Saúde (LS) como fator associado às perdas dentárias entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. MÉTODOS O estudo transversal e analítico foi conduzido com usuários adultos e idosos selecionados em dez Unidades de Saúde da Família sorteadas, em Piracicaba - SP, Brasil. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, cor da pele e escolaridade), comportamentais (escovação e uso de fio dental), determinantes em saúde (tipo e frequência de uso de serviço de saúde médico e odontológico) e clínica (dor). As condições bucais foram coletadas por exame intrabucal do biofilme dental visível e Índice Pediodontal Comunitário. As condições clínicas sistêmicas (glicemia, hemoglobina glicada e pressóricas) foram extraídas dos prontuários. A variável explanatória foi a LS (baixa, média e alta), medida pelo Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14). RESULTADOS O desfecho foi à perda dentária medida pelo Índice de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados. Foi realizada regressão logística com uso de um modelo conceitual para a LS (p < 0,05). Para os 238 indivíduos, a média de idade foi 62,7 anos (± 10,55). A perda dentária esteve associada à LS nos modelos de regressão ajustados por tipo de serviço odontológico, frequência odontológica e uso de fio dental. No modelo final, a perda dentária teve como fatores associados a maior idade (OR = 1,12; IC95% 1,07-1,17), menor escolaridade (OR = 3,43; IC95% 1,17-10,10), ao uso irregular de fio dental (OR = 4,58; IC95% 1,75-7,31), uso irregular do serviço odontológico (OR = 2,60; IC95% 1,32-5,12), bolsa periodontal (> 4mm) (OR = 0,31; IC95% 0,01-0,08), ter biofilme dental visível (OR = 7,23; IC95% 3,19-16,41) e maior índice de glicemia (OR = 1,98; IC95% 1,00-3,92). CONCLUSÕES A perda dentária esteve associada à LS quando ajustada por comportamentos em saúde, a partir da inclusão das variáveis sociodemográficas e condições clínicas ela perdeu a significância. No modelo final, comportamentos, determinantes em saúde e condições clínicas foram indicadores de risco da perda dentária, demonstrando a multifatorialidade envolvida neste fenômeno.

Distribuição espacial do uso dos serviços odontológicos por adultos em um município de médio porte do estado de São Paulo / Spatial distribution of the access to dental services by adults and the elderly in a mid-sized city of the State of São Paulo

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores sociodemográficos e de acesso associados ao tipo de serviços odontológicos utilizado por adultos e idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de um recorte transversal aninhado à 'Coorte de Saúde Bucal de Adultos de Piracicaba/SP' iniciada em 2011. Em 2015, aamostra foi composta por adultos e idosos (23 e 69 anos) e a coleta de dados foi realizada em domicílio por meio de questionário estruturado com dados sociodemográficos e de acesso aos serviços odontológicos. O desfecho do estudo foi o serviço utilizado na última consulta (público, particular ou convênio) e as variáveis independentes foram agrupadas em sociodemográficas e de acesso. Para associação, utilizou-se o Teste Qui-quadrado, com o ajuste de Bonferroni (p < 0,05). Resultados: Houve georreferenciamento dos indivíduos conforme o serviço utilizado e análise da distância entre a residência e serviços de saúde odontológico público, a partir do cálculo da distância linear (em metros), considerando a menor distância. Participaram do estudo 144 adultos e idosos, sendo a maioria de mulheres (72,2%), de 23 a 48 anos (47,9%), brancas (68,5%) e com união estável (75,7%). A maioria utilizou o serviço odontológico particular (50,0%), havia buscado atendimento há menos de um ano (60,0%), tendo como principal motivo a rotina (43,1%). Conclusão: houve maior oferta de serviços odontológicos públicos na região norte do município, entretanto, a busca por este tipo de atendimento foi maior na região leste. Evidenciou-se que todos os adultos e idosos residiam próximo a um serviço público com atendimento odontológico. Os adultos e idosos com baixa renda usaram mais o serviço público na última consulta, sendo que os que buscaram por atendimento por convênio apresentavam união estável, tendo como motivo de procura a rotina.

Aim: to evaluate the sociodemographic and access factors associated with the type of dental services used by adults and the elderly. Methods: this is a cross-sectional view nested in the 'Cohort of Adult Oral Health in Piracicaba/SP', started in 2011. In 2015, the sample consisted of adults and the elderly (23 and 69 years of age), and data collection was carried out though a structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data and access to dental services. The study's outcome was the service used in the last dental appointment (public, private, or health insurance), and the independent variables were grouped into sociodemographic and access. For association, the Chi-square test was used, together with the Bonferroni adjustment (p < 0.05). Results: individuals were georeferenced according to the type of service used and analysis of the distance between the home and public dental health services, based on the calculation of the linear distance (in meters), considering the shortest distance. This study counted on the participation of 144 adults and the elderly, the majority of whom were women (72.2%), from 23 to 48 years of age (47.9%), white (68.5%), and in a stable union (75.7%). Most used private dental services (50.0%), had sought care for less than a year (60.0%), with routine dental visit as the main reason (43.1%). Conclusion: there was a greater offer of public dental services in the northern region of the city; however, the search for this type of care was greater in the eastern region. It was evident that all adults and the elderly lived close to a public service with dental care. Low-income adults and the elderly used public dental services more often in their last dental appointment, and those who sought dental care by health care insurance reported being in a stable union, who sought ought services due to a routine dental visit.