[Impact of vaginal mesh exposure on quality of life in patients undergoing transvaginal reconstructive pelvic surgery with polypropylene mesh].

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of vaginal mesh exposure on quality of life in patients undergoing transvaginal reconstructive pelvic surgery (RPS) with polypropylene mesh. METHODS: From May 2004 to March 2011, 114 patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP) undergoing transvaginal RPS with polypropylene mesh were enrolled in this study, which were divided into exposure and non-exposure group according to appearing vaginal mesh exposure at 2 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation. At the same time, pelvic floor distress inventory short form 20 (PFDI-20) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire short form 7 (PFIQ-7) were completed in those patients. RESULTS: At 2 months after operation, 96 patients were followed up, including 19 patients in exposure group and 77 patients in non-exposure group, and the rate of exposure was 19.8% (19/96); At 6 months after operation, 85 patients were followed up, including 13 patients in exposure group and 72 patients in non-exposure group, and the rate of exposure was 15.3% (13/85); At 1 year after operation, 77 patients were followed up, including 6 patients in exposure group and 71 patients in non-exposure group, and the rate of exposure was 7.8% (6/77). Mean score of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 in exposure group before operation was 39.6 and 57.1, which was statistically improved to 8.3 and 9.5 at 2 months after operation, 8.3 and 9.5 at 6 months after operation, 2.1 and 0 in 1 year after operation (P < 0.01). Mean score of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 of non-exposure group before operation was 54.2 and 66.7, which was improved to 8.3 and 4.8 at 2 months after operation, 0 at 6 months and 1 year after operation, but there was no significant difference in mean score of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Vaginal mesh exposure was common after transvaginal RPS with polypropylene mesh, however, most of them were moderate, and there was no significant impact on patients' qualifies of life.

Gigantochloa glabrata (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species from Yunnan, China.

Gigantochloa glabrata N. H. Xia & Y. Zeng ex D. Z. Li & Z. C. Xu, sp. nov., a new species of paleotropical woody bamboo has been described and illustrated from Yunnan, China. The new species is morphologically similar to G. albociliata and G. levis, but differs from them by having erect culm sheath blades; culm sheath ligules 4-6 mm high, truncate, denticulate; and with a ring of white tomentum on the intranode and below the node. The new species was mistakenly identified as Gigantochloa albociliata in the Flora of China and was recognised with description of the vegetative characters in 2014, but it was not effectively published. Here, we designate a complete specimen with inflorescence as the type and describe it in accordance with the Code.

Muscle spindle composition and distribution in human young masseter and biceps brachii muscles reveal early growth and maturation.

Significant changes in extrafusal fiber type composition take place in the human masseter muscle from young age, 3-7 years, to adulthood, in parallel with jaw-face skeleton growth, changes of dentitions and improvement of jaw functions. As motor and sensory control systems of muscles are interlinked, also the intrafusal fiber population, that is, muscle spindles, should undergo age-related changes in fiber type appearance. To test this hypothesis, we examined muscle spindles in the young masseter muscle and compared the result with previous data on adult masseter spindles. Also muscle spindles in the young biceps brachii muscle were examined. The result showed that muscle spindle composition and distribution were alike in young and adult masseter. As for the adult masseter, young masseter contained exceptionally large muscle spindles, and with the highest spindle density and most complex spindles found in the deep masseter portion. Hence, contrary to our hypothesis, masseter spindles do not undergo major morphological changes between young age and adulthood. Also in the biceps, young spindles were alike adult spindles. Taken together, the results showed that human masseter and biceps muscle spindles are morphologically mature already at young age. We conclude that muscle spindles in the human young masseter and biceps precede the extrafusal fiber population in growth and maturation. This in turn suggests early reflex control and proprioceptive demands in learning and maturation of jaw motor skills. Similarly, well-developed muscle spindles in young biceps reflect early need of reflex control in learning and performing arm motor behavior.