Psychometric Properties of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Oral Health.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that, for patients with dental caries, the Spanish version of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Oral Health (IPQ-R-OH) has 7 dimensions, including personal and treatment control, timeline-acute/chronic and timeline-cyclical, illness coherence, consequences, and emotional representations. METHODS: A Spanish adaptation of the IPQ-R, with a self-reported 38-item scale, was developed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using data from 520 patients with dental caries attending the Dental Clinic at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis revealed 7 dimensions with 36 items (2 items were removed because of poor factor loadings or discriminant ability). The internal consistency coefficients of each factor ranged from 0.72 to 0.91, and all item loadings were >0.52. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 7-factor model with 36 items had superior fit compared to the 38-item original model: χ2 = 1,784.291 (df = 573, p < 0.001); nonnormal fit index = 0.941; comparative fit index = 0.946; root mean square error of approximation = 0.062 (90% CI = 0.057-0.066); standardized root mean square residual = 0.072; and Akaike information criterion = 638.291. Control (integrated by items from personal control, treatment control, and timeline-acute factors) and hopelessness (PC15 and PC17) were the 2 reconfigured factors that were identified. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the modified 36-item model has satisfactory reliability and construct factorial validity; therefore, it could be a valuable instrument in the screening of illness perceptions in oral health.

Prevalence and Extrinsic Risk Factors for Dental Erosion in Adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: This manuscript examined the prevalence and extrinsic risk factors for dental erosion (DE) in early and middle adolescents in Pasto, Colombia. STUDY DESIGN: Dental erosion was evaluated in a random sample of 384 individuals aged 10-15 years attending three primary and high schools in this cross-sectional study. Clinical dental assessment for DE was done using O'Sullivan index. Data on general sociodemographic variables and extrinsic risks factors were obtained. Descriptive and univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Dental erosion was observed in 57.3% of individuals. The univariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of drinking natural fruit juices (OR 2.670, 95% CI 1.346 - 5.295, P=0.004) and their pH (OR 2.303, 95% CI 1.292 - 4.107, P=0.004) were more associated with the odd of DE in early adolescence. However, a high SES (OR 10.360, 95% CI 3.700 - 29.010, P<0.001) and frequency of snacks with artificial lemon taste (OR 3.659, 95% CI 1.506 - 8.891, P=0.003) were highly associated with the risk of DE in middle adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that DE is a prevalent condition in adolescents living in a city in southern Colombia. The transition from early to middle adolescence implies new bio-psychosocial changes, which increase the risk for DE.

Smartphones addiction associated with academic achievement among dental students: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: The study sought to examine the association between dental students' smartphone addiction and academic achievement. METHODS: Study participants were 374 dental students from the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia school of dentistry. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), an instrument that was validated a priori using item response theory, information function test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Students' semester grade point average (GPA) served as a measure of academic performance. The association between SAS-SV scores and GPA was tested using generalized linear modeling adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: The prevalence of smartphone addiction was low (4.8%) in this sample of dental students. Smartphone use was significantly and positively associated with GPA (b = 0.012; 95% confidence interval = 0.005-0.020; P = 0.001) while accounting for students' age and year of study. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone usage was positively associated with dental students' academic performance. Importantly, a small number of students were identified as suffering from smartphone addiction. Future research should help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association, identify students at risk for smartphone addiction, and further elucidate the relevance of these findings in dental education.

Self-Efficacy and Academic Performance in Colombian Dental Students.

Favorable self-efficacy beliefs have been theorized to predict better academic performance, but this association has been untested in dental education. To address this knowledge gap, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between students' self-efficacy and academic performance in a Colombian dental school. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 with dental students in all five years at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia. Prior to application for the measurement of self-efficacy, the psychometric properties of the Academic Behaviors Self-Efficacy Scale (ABSS) were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Participants' semester grade point average was used as a measure of academic performance. Of the total 390 students, 320 participated (82% participation rate). A three-factor model for ABSS with the dimensions of communication, attention, and excellence emerged from the CFA, demonstrating optimal fit indices: χ2 S-B =468.912; p<0.01; NNFI=0.994; CFI=0.996; RMSEA=0.031 (90% CI 0.021, 0.037); SRMR=0.070; AIC=344.912. Self-efficacy was positively associated with academic performance (rho=0.259; p<0.001). This association was statistically significant only among women (rho=0.361; p<0.001) and those in low SES strata (1-2: rho=0.310; p<0.001) and was highest among students with a heavy (>15 credits) academic course load (rho=0.306; p=0.001). The ABSS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Academic self-efficacy was positively associated with academic performance, and this association was most pronounced among women students, those in low SES strata, and those taking a heavy course load.

Psychometric approach of the revised illness perception questionnaire for oral health (IPQ-R-OH) in patients with periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the validated Spanish version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised for Oral Health (IPQ-R-OH) in patients with periodontal disease. METHODS: We used the IPQ-R-OH, a 36-item self-report scale. This study was carried out using data from 517 patients with periodontal disease attending the dental clinic at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia. A three-parameter logistic model (3PL) for polytomous response was calculated to evaluate a model of individuals' responses. The McDonald's Omega (Ω ≥ 0.60) coefficient and composite reliability were used to determine the internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the fit of the hypothesized seven-factor model, and the configural invariance was tested to estimate the structure in each sex group. RESULTS: The slope, location, and guessing parameters determined reasonable accurate items according to item response theory analysis. The internal consistency coefficients of each factor ranged from 0.62 to 0.93 (McDonald's Omega) and 0.66 to 0.87 (composite reliability). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a seven-factor model (χ2S-B  = 2572.165; χ2S-B /(573) = 4.489, P < 0.01; non-normed fit index = 0.950; CFI = 0.950; root means square error of approximation = 0.055 (90% confidence interval [0.052 - 0.059]); standardized root mean residual = 0.080 and Akaike information criteria = 1426.165. The seven factors loaded similarly to the original IPQ-R scale. Multigroup CFA analysis results supported factor invariance across the sex groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the IPQ-R-OH has adequate reliability and construct factorial validity; therefore, it could be a valuable instrument in screening illness perceptions in patients with periodontal disease.

Dynamic among periodontal disease, stress, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the dynamic between periodontitis and stress and the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in pregnant women from Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. METHODS: Forty-six women who attended to "Hospital Local Civil" localized in the city were involved. Periodontal clinical evaluation, pregnancy outcome variables and a stress scale were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. RESULTS: The incidence of PTB was 13 %, of LBW was 4.3 %, and the occurrence of PLBW was 21.7 %. Our findings showed that the presence of periodontitis and stress all together increase the risk of LBW babies (OR=4.6; 95 % CI: 0.2-86.6). Regarding, periodontitis and stress interaction, the risk of PTB (OR=0.9; 95 % CI: 0.08-9.6) and PLBW (OR=1.1; 95 % CI: 0.1-7.1) decreased in the presence of these two variables, although their values were higher in the absent of stress (PTB, OR=2.3; 95 % CI: 0.3- 14.7 and PLBW, OR=10.3; 95 % CI:1.1-93.2). CONCLUSIONS: The periodontal disease in this study was associated with PTB, LBW and PLBW. However, their risk depends on the physiological changes produced by stress.

Dynamic among periodontal disease, stress, and adverse pregnancy outcomes / Dinámica entre enfermedad periodontal, estrés y resultados adversos del embarazo

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the dynamic between periodontitis and stress and the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in pregnant women from Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Methods Forty-six women who attended to "Hospital Local Civil" localized in the city were involved. Periodontal clinical evaluation, pregnancy outcome variables and a stress scale were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results The incidence of PTB was 13 percent, of LBW was 4.3 percent, and the occurrence of PLBW was 21.7 percent. Our findings showed that the presence of periodontitis and stress all together increase the risk of LBW babies (OR=4.6; 95 percent CI: 0.2-86.6). Regarding, periodontitis and stress interaction, the risk of PTB (OR=0.9; 95 percent CI: 0.08-9.6) and PLBW (OR=1.1; 95 percent CI: 0.1-7.1) decreased in the presence of these two variables, although their values were higher in the absent of stress (PTB, OR=2.3; 95 percent CI: 0.3- 14.7 and PLBW, OR=10.3; 95 percent CI:1.1-93.2). Conclusions The periodontal disease in this study was associated with PTB, LBW and PLBW. However, their risk depends on the physiological changes produced by stress.

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la dinámica entre periodontitis, estrés y la incidencia de nacimientos prematuros (NP), de bajo peso al nacer (BPN) y de prematuros y bajo peso al nacer (NPBP) de mujeres embarazadas de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Un total de 46 mujeres que asistían al Hospital Local Civil de la ciudad fueron incluidas. Una evaluación clínica periodontal, variables sobre el parto y una escala de estrés fueron registradas. Los datos fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados La incidencia de NP fue 13 por ciento, de BPN de 4,3 por ciento, y la ocurrencia de NPBP de 21,7 por ciento. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que la presencia de periodontitis y estrés en conjunto incrementan el riesgo de BPN (OR=4,6; IC al 95 por ciento : 0,2-86,6). De acuerdo, con la interacción entre periodontitis y estrés, el riesgo de NP (OR=0,9; IC al 95 por ciento :0,08- 9,6) y NPBP (OR=1,1; IC al 95 por ciento: 0,1-7,1) disminuyó en la presencia de las dos variables, aunque sus riesgos fueron más elevados en la ausencia de estrés (NP, OR=2,3; IC al 95 por ciento: 0,3-14,7 y NPBP, OR=10,3; IC al 95 por ciento :1,1-93,2). Conclusión La enfermedad periodontal en este estudio estuvo asociada con NP, BPN y NPBP. Sin embargo, su riesgo depende de los cambios fisiológicos producidos por el estrés.