Temporomandibular disorder symptoms in young adults: Three-dimensional impact on oral health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND: The impact of temporomandibular disorders on functional, pain, and psychosocial aspect of patients' quality of life needed to be assessed. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the three-dimensional impact of pain-related and/or intra-articular Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms and ascertained the inter-relationships between the functional, pain, and psychosocial aspects of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). METHODS: Young adults were enlisted from a local university and TMD symptoms were assessed with the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs Symptom Questionnaire (DC/TMD-SQ). Participants were stratified into those with no (NT), pain-related (PT), intra-articular (IT), and mixed (MT) TMD symptoms. OHRQoL was examined using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and dimensional effects (oral function [OF], orofacial pain [OP], and psychosocial impact [PI]) were established subsequently. Data were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α = .05). RESULTS: The mean age of the participants (n = 1205) was 7 ± 1.3 years (71.8% women). While 42.2% reported no TMD symptoms, 22.3%, 16.9%, and 18.5% had PT, IT, and MT accordingly. The MT, PT, and IT groups presented higher total OHIP-14 and dimension scores than the NT group (p < .01). Scores were also significantly different between the MT and IT groups except for OF. For all TMD groups, the ranking of dimensional impact was OP > PI > OF, and associations between the OP and PI dimensions were the strongest (correlation coefficient [rs ] = .57-.76). CONCLUSIONS: Young adults with PT and/or IT symptoms have poorer OHRQoL, especially in the OP and PI dimensions, which were moderate to strongly correlated. The use of the three dental Patient-reported Outcome (dPRO) dimensions could provide construct equivalency among OHRQoL measures.

Geographical variation of parental-reported sleep bruxism among children: comparison between the Netherlands, Armenia and Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether geographical variation exists in the prevalence rates and associated factors of parental-reported sleep bruxism (SB) among 7- to 12-year-old children living in three culturally different countries. METHODS: An identical questionnaire was completed by parents or guardians of children in the Netherlands (Europe), Armenia (West Asia) and Indonesia (Southeast Asia). Pearson's chi-square tests were used to investigate geographical variation in occurrence; logistic regression analyses were performed to study associations. RESULTS: In total, data of 2,562 questionnaires were analysed. The overall prevalence of parental-reported SB was significantly higher in Armenia (36.5%) than in the Netherlands and Indonesia (19.5% and 24.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, differences between countries seemed to have disappeared in children around the age of 12. Geographical variation in associated factors is reflected in the fact that, depending on the country, a variety of variables were positively related with parental-reported SB (i.e. younger age, and/or having male gender, and/or experiencing pressure or tension from the home situation, and/or being more easily scared and/or having difficulties in falling asleep). CONCLUSIONS: Considerable geographical variation can exist in the epidemiology of parental-reported SB in children. Cultural rules and standards could explain these findings.

Temporomandibular Disorders among Dutch Adolescents: Prevalence and Biological, Psychological, and Social Risk Indicators.

Aims: To assess the prevalence rates of pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds in a large group of Dutch adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years and to determine if the same biological, psychological, and social risk indicators are related to both TMD pain and TMJ sounds. Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 4,235 questionnaires were analyzed, with an about equal gender distribution. Results: The overall prevalence of pain-related TMDs was 21.6% (26.1% for girls and 17.6% for boys) and that of TMJ sounds was 15.5% (19.3% for girls and 11.7% for boys). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the following variables appeared to be the strongest predictors of TMD pain: female gender, increasing age, sleep bruxism, biting on lips and/or cheeks, stress, and feeling sad. Regarding self-reported TMJ sounds, the multiple regression model revealed that female gender, increasing age, awake bruxism, and biting on lips and/or cheeks were the strongest predictors. Conclusions: TMDs are a common finding among Dutch adolescents. Except for the psychological factors that appeared to be associated with TMD pain only, pain-related TMDs and TMJ sounds shared similar biological risk indicators.

Prevalence and risk indicators of pain-related temporomandibular disorders among Indonesian children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) among Indonesian children and adolescents, and to investigate which risk indicators are associated with it. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1,800 questionnaires were distributed among pupils of schools in the greater Jakarta area. This was done for 2 samples: children with ages ranging from 7 to 12 years (parental report) and adolescents aged 13-18 years (self-report). RESULTS: The prevalence rates for pain-related TMDs in Indonesian children and adolescents were 23.4% (95% CI = 20-27) and 36.9% (95% CI = 33-41), respectively. Regression models revealed that psychological factors and the presence of bodily pain were strongly associated with pain-related TMDs in both children and adolescents, next to oral habits (in children), and sleep and awake bruxism (in adolescents). On the other hand, the socioeconomic status of parents was not associated with pain-related TMDs in either sample. CONCLUSIONS: Pain-related TMDs are common among the young Indonesian population. These findings corroborate those from earlier studies of young populations, namely that bruxism and oral habits, bodily pain complaints, and psychological factors are risk indicators for pain-related TMDs.