Salivary alpha-1-antitrypsin and macrophage migration inhibitory factor may be potential prognostic biomarkers for oncologic treatment-induced severe oral mucositis.

AIMS: Evaluate the abundance of the selected targets, alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and correlate these findings with the risk of developing severe oral mucositis (OM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients submitted to radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were assessed. OM grade and pain were evaluated daily during treatment. Two protein targets, A1AT and MIF, were evaluated, using selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (SRM-MS), in whole saliva, collected prior to oncologic treatment. The results obtained from the targeted proteomic analysis were correlated with OM clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 27 patients were included, of whom 21 (77.8%) had locally advanced disease (clinical stage III or IV). Most patients (70.4%) received CRT. OM grades 2 (40.8%) and 3 (33.3%) were the most prevalent during RT with a mean highest reported OM-related pain of 3.22 through the visual analogue scale (VAS). The abundance of A1AT and MIF correlated significantly with severe (grades 3 or 4, p < 0.02) compared with moderate-low (grades 1 or 2, p < 0.04) OM grade. CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between the abundance of salivary A1AT and MIF and oncologic treatment-induced OM. The correlation of MIF expression with severe OM appears to be compatible with its physiological pro-inflammatory role. These results open up great possibilities for the use of salivary MIF and A1AT levels as prognostic markers for effective therapeutic interventions, such as photobiomodulation therapy, patient-controlled analgesia, or personalized medicaments.

Dosimetric parameters and radiotherapy simulation methods used in preclinical studies of radiation damage to the dentition: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review investigated the dosimetric parameters used in preclinical studies. STUDY DESIGN: Searches were performed in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and gray literature to identify studies for review. In vitro and ex vivo studies that examined the effect of radiation on human permanent teeth were included. The modified Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials checklist of items for reporting preclinical in vitro studies was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: In total, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The average radiation dose of in vitro studies was 53 (±22) Gy and in ex vivo studies was 69 (±1) Gy. Twenty-two studies used 5 different fractionation schemes. Twenty-two of the included studies did not report the radiotherapy modality of those reporting. Twenty studies used linear accelerators, and 7 used Cobalt-60 with the source-surface-distance of radiation ranging from 1.5 to 100 cm. Distilled water was the storage solution for the dental structure used most commonly. Biases were observed, including small sample sizes, lack of randomization, and blinding processes. CONCLUSION: The dosimetric parameters used in the preclinical studies, including radiation dose, radiotherapy modality, fractionation regime, and the storage solutions used did not support the hypothesis of direct effects of radiation on the dental structure.

Impact of radiation on tooth loss in patients with head and neck cancer: a retrospective dosimetric-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the dental adverse events after head and neck radiation therapy (HNRT) and to investigate the impact of regional radiation dose upon tooth loss outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective dosimetric-based analysis was conducted to assess dental events affecting post-HNRT extracted teeth and the impact of 3 different radiation doses (<30 Gy, 30-60 Gy, and >60 Gy) upon tooth loss. In addition, post-HNRT extractions outcomes and mean parotid glands dosimetry and salivary changes were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients who underwent HNRT were included in the analysis. Radiation caries was the most frequent (67.8%) post-HNRT dental adverse event, and maxillary molars ipsilateral to the tumor were lost earlier compared with the others (P < .001). The odds ratio for post-HNRT tooth extraction risk was approximately 3-fold higher for teeth exposed to >60 Gy (confidence interval, 1.56-5.35; P < .001), followed by an increased risk of delayed healing and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in sites receiving doses above 50 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation caries was the major cause of dental extractions after HNRT, and the dosimetric analysis suggested that a high dose of radiation may negatively impact the dentition of survivors of head and neck cancer, increasing the risk of tooth loss and ORN.

Lipoidoproteinose / Lipoid proteinosis

OBJETIVO: Apresentar as características clínicas, tratamento cirúrgico e achado histológico de um caso de lipoidoproteinose. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Criança do sexo masculino, cinco anos de idade, branco, que procurou atendimento odontológico na Universidade. A mãe da criança relatou presença de intensa halitose e dificuldade na alimentação e higienização bucal, decorrentes de crescimento gengival generalizado nos arcos dentários superior e inferior. No exame clínico, verificaram-se comprometimento funcional e estético generalizado (rouquidão, artralgia bilateral no joelho e tornozelo, lesões tumorais nas orelhas, entre outros), além de extensa hiperplasia gengival em ambos os arcos dentários. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico, com remoção do tecido hiperplásico e exodontia de todos os dentes decíduos e de dois permanentes. O exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica confirmou o diagnóstico de lipoidoproteinose. COMENTÁRIOS: A lipoidoproteinose é uma doença rara caracterizada pela deposição da substância hialina na pele, membranas mucosas e nos órgãos internos. Os sinais que podem surgir após o nascimento, são: rouquidão; lesões pápulo-nodulares na cabeça, pescoço e membros; lesões papulares amareladas nas margens das pálpebras. O curso desta doença é benigno e crônico.

OBJECTIVE: Report clinical characteristics, histological findings and treatment of a patient with lipoid proteinosis. CASE DESCRIPTION: Five year-old male patient was assisted in the university clinic for dental treatment. The mother reported the presence of intense halitosis and difficulties for feeding and oral hygiene due to extensive gingival hyperplasia on the maxillary and mandibular arches. Clinical examination revealed generalized functional and esthetic involvement, including hoarseness; bilateral knee and ankle arthralgia; tumoral lesions on the ears and gingival hyperplasia throughout the extent of both dental arches. The surgical treatment removed the hyperplastic tissue and all deciduous teeth, as well as two permanents teeth. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis. COMMENTS: Lipoid proteinosis is a rare disorder characterized by progressive deposition of hyaline material in the skin, mucous membranes and organs. Clinical signs appear after birth and are characterized by hoarseness, papulonodular lesions on the head, neck and limbs and yellowish papules on the eyelid margins, among others. The disease has a benign and chronic evolution.

Melanoma de mucosa oral / Oral mucosal melanoma

O melanoma de mucosa oral (MMO) é uma neoplasia de baixa prevalência, representando cerca de 0,5 por cento de todos os tumores malignos orais. Caracteriza-se pela proliferação atípica de melanócitos, com crescimento vertical agressivo e possível surgimento de lesões-satélites. Os sintomas mais comuns são sangramento, dor local e amolecimento dentário; podendo, entretanto, ser assintomático. O diagnóstico é obtido através de biopsia da lesão. Atualmente, a melhor opção para o tratamento é a cirurgia; entretanto, há controvérsias quanto à extensão da ressecção e a utilização de radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia adjuvante. O prognóstico é reservado, guardando relação direta com o tamanho e a profundidade da lesão, e a presença ou não de invasão vascular, necrose,população de células tumorais polimorfas e comprometimento linfonodal. A sobrevida em cinco anos para MMO é de 15 por cento; especificamente, no palato, é de apenas 11 por cento com média de 22 meses. Este estudo relata o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, encaminhado ao Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, com lesão pigmentada no palato duro à esquerda, já biopsiada e sugestiva de melanoma. O exame clínico não revelou presença de linfonodos cervicais palpáveis ou outra lesão cutânea ou mucosa. Foi realizada maxilarectomia esquerda seguida de reconstrução de palato, utilizando-se retalho microcirúrgico fasciocutâneo lateral do braço. Houve a necessidade de proceder ao esvaziamento cervical supraomo-hióideo pelo achado intra-operatório de um linfonodo acometido na região submandibular esquerda. Após acirurgia, o paciente foi encaminhado à radioterapia adjuvante.