The number of erupted teeth as a risk factor for dental caries in eighteen-month-old children: a cross­sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, affecting lifelong as well as children. Therefore, it is important to clarify factors related to early childhood caries (ECC) in a younger population in terms of caries prevention. However, the prevalence of ECC is low in developed countries in the twenty-first century and a large-scale survey is needed to clarify the risk factors. Furthermore, earlier tooth eruption is not taken into consideration in most studies of ECC, even though it may be a factor of ECC. The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in children aged 18 months in a core city of Japan. METHODS: Findings from a total of 7351 children aged 18 months were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight, as well as an oral examination and a microbiological caries-risk test, were performed. Additionally, a structured interview sheet was provided to the parents or guardians. Findings of dental caries at 18 months of age were evaluated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the enrolled children, 1.2% had experienced dental caries. Multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated a significant association with dental caries at 18 months of age for the following factors: second child (OR = 1.78; 95% CI:1.08-2.93, P < 0.05), third and later child (OR = 2.08; 95% CI:1.12-3.89, P < 0.05), 12 or fewer erupted teeth (OR = 0.47; 95% CI:0.24-0.96, P < 0.05), 17 or more erupted teeth (OR = 4.37; 95% CI:1.63-11.7, P < 0.01), Cariostat score (+ + +) (OR = 3.99; 95% CI:1.29-12.31, P < 0.05), daily eating before bed (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.55-4.45, P < 0.001), three or more snacks per day (OR = 2.03; 95% CI:1.15-3.58, P < 0.05), and breastfeeding (OR = 3.30; 95% CI:2.00-5.44, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the number of erupted teeth, as well as birth order, eating habits, and breastfeeding, are significant factors in dental caries occurrence at 18 months of age.

Risk of Parkinson's disease-related death in cancer survivors: A population-based study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The risk of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related death in patients with cancer largely unexplored. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Neoplasms ANd other causes of DEath (NANDE) study, which investigates the causes of death in patients with cancer in Japan. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to compare the risk of PD-related deaths in patients with cancer to that of the general population. Poisson regression models were employed to estimate the relative risk of PD-related death in the subgroups. RESULTS: The cohort included 548,485 patients with cancer, yielding 2,047,398 person-years at risk from 1995 to 2013. During the study period, 242,250 patients died and 145 deaths were attributable to PD. The SMR for PD-related death was 2.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99-2.75). Patients who were diagnosed with cancer before 70 years of age had a high SMR (>5) for PD-related deaths. The SMR of patients with mouth-to-stomach cancers (lip, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach cancers) was 3.72 (95% CI: 2.84-4.86), while that of those with other cancers was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.57-2.37). The multivariate Poisson regression model revealed that patients with mouth-to-stomach cancers were more likely to die of PD than those without (relative risk 2.07, 95 % CI; 1.46-2.93). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cancer are at a high risk of PD-related death; particularly, mouth-to-stomach cancers and potentially obstructing medication for PD are attributable to a high mortality risk. Careful management, including adequate PD treatment, would benefit cancer survivors with PD and reduce the risk of PD-related death.

Cause of Death among Long-Term Cancer Survivors: The NANDE Study.

Survival information for Japanese patients with cancer is based only on survival status and the cause of death among these patients remains unclear. In this study, Osaka Cancer Registry data (1985-2014) and vital statistics data (1985-2016) were linked to create a database, permitting the extraction of data on the causes of death. In total, 522,566 subjects diagnosed with cancer between 1995 and 2011 were analyzed. Follow-up for vital status was conducted 5 and 10 years after cancer diagnosis. To evaluate the three causes of death (index cancer, non-index cancer, and non-cancer death), cause-specific hazard and cumulative incidence functions were estimated using a life table and Gray's methods. The number of deaths owing to any of the causes in the observation period (median: 3.51 years, mean: 4.90 years) was 394,146. The 5- and 10-year cancer-specific survival rate was 48.56% and 39.92%, respectively. Immediately after cancer onset, the hazard of index cancer death was high. The proportion of non-index cancer deaths was high in patients with mouth and pharynx cancers. The hazard of index cancer death remained constant for breast and liver cancers. In prostate, breast, and laryngeal cancers with good prognosis, the hazard of non-index cancer and non-cancer death constantly increased.

A lack of specific motor patterns between rhythmic/non-rhythmic masticatory muscle activity and bodily movements in sleep bruxism.

Purpose The aims of the present study were to investigate the temporal relationships between jaw and bodily movements and clarify motor processes in the genesis of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) in sleep bruxism (SB).Methods Video-polysomnography recordings were obtained from ten subjects with SB (mean age: 23.4 ± 1.6 years) and ten matched normal controls (CTL) (mean age: 24.4 ± 3.2 years). RMMA and nonspecific masseter activity (NSMA) were scored in association with bodily movements in the leg, arm, head, and trunk using electromyography and video recordings. The relationship between oromotor episodes and bodily movements was assessed in terms of sleep stage distributions and temporal relationships. Cardiac changes preceding oromotor episodes in stage N2 were assessed.Results Approximately 80% of RMMA and NSMA were associated with movements in one or more body sites. RMMA and NSMA were more frequently associated with movements of the leg (70-75%) and arm (40-55%) than movements of the head (17-22%) and trunk (5-25%). The relationship between oromotor episodes and bodily movements did not significantly differ among sleep stages. Oromotor episodes and bodily movements did not show a consistent temporal pattern in the SB and CTL groups. Regardless of the temporal relationship between oromotor episodes and bodily movements, the mean heart rate significantly increased by 5 beats before the onset of oromotor episodes.Conclusions No specific temporal motor patterns were found between RMMA and bodily movements. RMMA and NSMA represent a repertoire of arousal-related autonomic motor responses during sleep.

Excessive risk of second-cancer incidence and cancer mortality in patients with esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Second primary cancers have impact on survival in patients who achieved cure for the first esophageal cancer. We, therefore, assessed the risk of incidence and mortality for second primary cancer by calculating standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in patients with superficial or localized esophageal cancer without lymph node metastases as the first cancer (index cancer). METHODS: Data on cancer development and subsequent causes of deaths were collected from integrated database of the Osaka Cancer Registry and the Vital Statistics of Japan. Records with information on patients with index esophageal cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 were extracted from the database. Then, SIR and SMR for second primary cancers that developed in other organ were calculated with the reference to the general population during the same period. All probability values are two-tailed. RESULTS: Of 473,784 case records, 3022 cases of patients with index esophageal cancer were identified. Significantly higher SMRs/SIRs for cancers in mouth/pharynx, larynx, pancreas, and leukemia were confirmed with the values of 10.78/16.16, 8.56/6.44, 2.33/2.31, and 3.96/4.42, respectively. Significantly, higher SIRs for stomach, lung, and skin cancers were confirmed with the values of 2.84, 2.36, and 3.38, respectively, while SMRs were not significantly higher in these cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly higher risks for mouth/pharynx, larynx, pancreas, and leukemia as second cancers were clarified. Careful surveillance for these cancers is required for esophageal cancer patients.