RESUMEN
Although linker-free Au nanoparticle superstructures (AuNPSTs) have demonstrated to have satisfactory photothermal conversion efficiency owing to their enhanced visible-near-infrared absorption caused by the interparticle coupling, they cannot be used directly for inâ vivo photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer because of poor stability. To address this issue, we herein propose a polymer-coating strategy, dressing AuNPST on a poly(dopamine) (PDA) coat, and successfully investigate the inâ vivo PTT effect of AuNPSTs. By employing Triton X-100 as an emulsifier for the formation of AuNPSTs, dopamine was site-specifically polymerized around each AuNPST by the interaction between -OH of Triton X-100 and -NH2 of dopamine. As-fabricated AuNPST/PDA has a sphere-like shape with an average diameter of â¼106â nm and the PDA shell is about 10â nm PDA thick. The AuNPST/PDA shows enhanced durability to heat, acid, and alkali compared with bare AuNPST. Also, under 808â nm laser irradiation, AuNPST/PDA shows photothermal conversion efficiency of â¼33%, higher than bare AuNPST (â¼23%). Significantly, AuNPST/PDA can be used as in-vitro and in-vivo PTT agent and shows excellent therapeutic efficacy for tumor ablation thanks to its enhanced stability and biocompatibility, indicative of its potential practicability in clinical PTT.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Oro/farmacología , Indoles/farmacología , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Terapia Fototérmica , Polímeros/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Femenino , Oro/química , Humanos , Indoles/química , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polimerizacion , Polímeros/química , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Techniques for producing decellularized scaffolds for use in liver tissue engineering are emerging as promising methods for tissue reconstruction. In this article, the authors present an overview of liver decellularization methods developed and applied in recent years. These include the widespread use of various perfusion methods for the generation of a 3D scaffold, which may function as a template for either cell recellularization or direct biological application. The authors evaluate methods for scaffold production and explore some factors that may affect the decellularization process. In addition to tissue engineering, this overview includes a description of other potential applications for a decellularized liver scaffold. The authors also introduce the concept of fabrication of fragile biomaterial architecture and finally review the cell types applied to liver scaffold engineering.