RESUMEN
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are particles secreted by bacteria with diameter of 20-400â¯nm. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on the surface of MVs are capable of activating human immune system, leading to non-specific immune response and specific immune response. Due to the immunostimulatory properties and proteoliposome nanostructures, MVs have been increasingly explored as vaccines or delivery systems for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Herein, the recent progresses of MVs for antibacterial applications are reviewed to provide an overview of MVs vaccines and MVs-related delivery systems. In addition, the safety issues of bacterial MVs are discussed to demonstrate their potential for clinical translation. In the end of this review, the challenges of bacterial MVs as vaccines and delivery systems for clinical applications are highlighted with the purpose of predicting future research directions in this field.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Infecciones Bacterianas , Proteínas Bacterianas , Vacunas Bacterianas , Membrana Celular , Nanoestructuras , Bacterias/química , Bacterias/inmunología , Infecciones Bacterianas/inmunología , Infecciones Bacterianas/prevención & control , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/uso terapéutico , Vacunas Bacterianas/química , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Vacunas Bacterianas/uso terapéutico , Membrana Celular/química , Membrana Celular/inmunología , Humanos , Liposomas , Nanoestructuras/química , Nanoestructuras/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The lack of bacterial-targeting function in antibiotics and their prophylactic usage have caused overuse of antibiotics, which lead to antibiotic resistance and inevitable long-term toxicity. To overcome these issues, we develop neutrophil-bacterial hybrid cell membrane vesicle (HMV)-coated biofunctional lipid nanoparticles (LNP@HMVs), which are designed to transport antibiotics specifically to bacterial cells at the infection site for the effective treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial infection. The dual targeting ability of HMVs to inflammatory vascular endothelial cells and homologous Gram-negative bacterial cells results in targeted accumulation of LNP@HMVs in the site of infections. LNP@HMVs loaded with the antibiotic norfloxacin not only exhibit enhanced activity against planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms in vitro but also achieve potent therapeutic efficacy in treating both systemic infection and lung infection. Furthermore, LNP@HMVs trigger the activation of specific humoral and cellular immunity to prevent bacterial infection. Together, LNP@HMVs provide a promising strategy to effectively treat and prevent bacterial infection.