A multifunctional platform with single-NIR-laser-triggered photothermal and NO release for synergistic therapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms.

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, especially MDR Gram-negative strains, have become a global public health challenge. Multifunctional nanomaterials for controlling MDR bacterial infections via eradication of planktonic bacteria and their biofilms are of great interest. RESULTS: In this study, we developed a multifunctional platform (TG-NO-B) with single NIR laser-triggered PTT and NO release for synergistic therapy against MDR Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms. When located at the infected sites, TG-NO-B was able to selectively bind to the surfaces of Gram-negative bacterial cells and their biofilm matrix through covalent coupling between the BA groups of TG-NO-B and the bacterial LPS units, which could greatly improve the antibacterial efficiency, and reduce side damages to ambient normal tissues. Upon single NIR laser irradiation, TG-NO-B could generate hyperthermia and simultaneously release NO, which would synergistically disrupt bacterial cell membrane, further cause leakage and damage of intracellular components, and finally induce bacteria death. On one hand, the combination of NO and PTT could largely improve the antibacterial efficiency. On the other hand, the bacterial cell membrane damage could improve the permeability and sensitivity to heat, decrease the photothermal temperature and avoid damages caused by high temperature. Moreover, TG-NO-B could be effectively utilized for synergistic therapy against the in vivo infections of MDR Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms and accelerate wound healing as well as exhibit excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that TG-NO-B can be considered as a promising alternative for treating infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms.

Application of Local Injection of Botulinum Toxin A in Cosmetic Patients with Congenital Drooping Mouth Corner.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical application and efficacy of local injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) at the depressor anguli oris in patients with congenital drooping mouth corner. METHODS: From September 2013 to March 2015, 36 cosmetic patients received local injections of botulinum toxin A at the depressor anguli oris, with 1-3 injection sites in the moving region of the depressor anguli oris on each side. At each injection site, 2-4 U of BTX-A was injected, and the total dose for any unilateral treatment did not exceed 8 U. The change in the degree of drooping of the mouth corner before and after the injection was analyzed using statistical methods. The clinical efficacy, preservation time, and adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS: The degree of drooping of the mouth corners of the cosmetic patients before the treatment was compared with that at 1 month after using a paired t test, and the difference was statistically significant, with P < 0.01. The treatment results were satisfactory, and the effect was preserved for 6-9 months. None of the 36 cosmetic patients had any complications of bruising, infection, dysfunction in opening and closing the mouth, smile asymmetry, drooling, or dysarthria after the injection. CONCLUSIONS: The local injection of BTX-A at the depressor anguli oris can effectively lift a drooping mouth corner, thereby improving the depressed, stern, and aged appearance of the face. The performance of this treatment is simple, safe, and easy to perform in clinical applications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Dual drug release electrospun core-shell nanofibers with tunable dose in the second phase.

This study reports a new type of drug-loaded core-shell nanofibers capable of providing dual controlled release with tunable dose in the second phase. The core-shell nanofibers were fabricated through a modified coaxial electrospinning using a Teflon-coated concentric spinneret. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and ethyl cellulose were used as the shell and core polymer matrices respectively, and the content of active ingredient acetaminophen (APAP) in the core was programmed. The Teflon-coated concentric spinneret may facilitate the efficacious and stable preparation of core-shell nanofibers through the modified coaxial electrospinning, where the core fluids were electrospinnable and the shell fluid had no electrospinnability. The resultant nanofibers had linear morphologies and clear core-shell structures, as observed by the scanning and transmission electron microscopic images. APAP was amorphously distributed in the shell and core polymer matrices due to the favorite second-order interactions, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic tests. The results from the in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the core-shell nanofibers were able to furnish the desired dual drug controlled-release profiles with a tunable drug release amount in the second phase. The modified coaxial electrospinning is a useful tool to generate nanostructures with a tailored components and compositions in their different parts, and thus to realize the desired functional performances.

A multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of facial features and its application in predicting archaic human features.

Facial morphology, a complex trait influenced by genetics, holds great significance in evolutionary research. However, due to limited fossil evidence, the facial characteristics of Neanderthals and Denisovans have remained largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a large-scale multi-ethnic meta-analysis of the genome-wide association study (GWAS), including 9674 East Asians and 10,115 Europeans, quantitatively assessing 78 facial traits using 3D facial images. We identified 71 genomic loci associated with facial features, including 21 novel loci. We developed a facial polygenic score (FPS) that enables the prediction of facial features based on genetic information. Interestingly, the distribution of FPSs among populations from diverse continental groups exhibited relevant correlations with observed facial features. Furthermore, we applied the FPS to predict the facial traits of seven Neanderthals and one Denisovan using ancient DNA and aligned predictions with the fossil records. Our results suggested that Neanderthals and Denisovans likely shared similar facial features, such as a wider but shorter nose and a wider endocanthion distance. The decreased mouth width was characterized specifically in Denisovans. The integration of genomic data and facial trait analysis provides valuable insights into the evolutionary history and adaptive changes in human facial morphology.

'Living' PEGylation on gold nanoparticles to optimize cancer cell uptake by controlling targeting ligand and charge densities.

We report and demonstrate biomedical applications of a new technique--'living' PEGylation--that allows control of the density and composition of heterobifunctional PEG (HS-PEG-R; thiol-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We first establish 'living' PEGylation by incubating HS-PEG5000-COOH with AuNPs (∼20 nm) at increasing molar ratios from zero to 2000. This causes the hydrodynamic layer thickness to differentially increase up to 26 nm. The controlled, gradual increase in PEG-COOH density is revealed after centrifugation, based on the ability to re-suspend the pellet and increase the AuNP absorption. Using a fluorescamine-based assay we quantify differential HS-PEG5000-NH2 binding to AuNPs, revealing that it is highly efficient until AuNP saturation is reached. Furthermore, the zeta potential incrementally changes from -44.9 to +52.2 mV and becomes constant upon saturation. Using 'living' PEGylation we prepare AuNPs with different ratios of HS-PEG-RGD (RGD: Arg-Gly-Asp) and incubate them with U-87 MG (malignant glioblastoma) and non-target cells, demonstrating that targeting ligand density is critical to maximizing the efficiency of targeting of AuNPs to cancer cells. We also sequentially control the HS-PEG-R density to develop multifunctional nanoparticles, conjugating positively charged HS-PEG-NH2 at increasing ratios to AuNPs containing negatively charged HS-PEG-COOH to reduce uptake by macrophage cells. This ability to minimize non-specific binding/uptake by healthy cells could further improve targeted nanoparticle efficacy.

Environmental occurrence and ecotoxicity of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates.

Plastic products such as fishing nets and foam buoys have been widely used in aquaculture. To enhance the desirable characteristics of the final equipment, plastic gear for aquaculture is mixed with a wide range of additives. Recent studies have shown that additives could be leached out to the environment with a long-term use of aquaculture plastics, forming aquaculture-derived plastic leachates. It should be emphasized that some leachates such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) are endocrine disruptors, which could increase the exposure risk of aquatic products and subsequently display potential threats to human health via food chain. However, systematic studies on the release, occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic leachates are missing, overlooking their potential sources and ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments. We have reviewed and compared the concentrations of major plastic leachates in the water environment and organisms of global aquaculture and non-farmed areas, confirming that aquaculture leachate is an important source of contaminants in the environment. Moreover, the toxic effects of aquaculture-derived plastic additives and the related mechanisms are summarized with fish as a representative, revealing their potential health risk. In addition, we proposed current challenges and future research needs, which provides scientific guidance for the use and management of plastic products in aquaculture industries.

[Effects of administration and local application of epimedium on the fracture healing in osteoporosis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of administration or local application of epimedium on the fracture healing in osteoporosis rats. METHODS: Eighty-two 4-month old clean female rats, 210-250 g, were randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 75) and the control group (n = 7). The bilateral ovaries were resected in the experimental group, while only little fat tissue around the ovary was resected in the control group. Ten weeks after operation the osteoporosis model was successfully established verified by bone densitometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The femur fracture models were established in the rest 72 rats of the experimental group. They were randomly divided into 3 groups, 24 in each group, i.e., the calcium phosphate cement (CPC) group (Group A), the CPC-epimedium group (Group B), and the epimedium administration group (Group C). The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of the 3 groups were determined 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The vitodynamical test and observation of the histological section were performed. RESULTS: The serum ALP levels increased to some extent in the 3 groups 2, 4, and 8 weeks after bone fracture surgery. But the increase was more obvious in Group B with statistical difference shown when compared with Group A and C (P < 0.05). The ALP level in Group B decreased to the normal range till the 12th week. The bone fracture had not completely healed in Group C and A. Their ALP levels decreased to some extent, but were still maintained to a comparatively higher level, showing statistical difference when compared with that of Group B (P < 0.05). These results were agreeable with the results of the histological observation. Better bone activity promoting results were shown in Group B. The vitodynamical test results of the femur of Group B were all higher than those of Group A and C at each time point (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Local application of epimedium could accelerate the fracture healing in osteoporosis rats. It showed better effects when compared with oral administration at the same dose.

Combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and ammonium perfluorooctanoate to Daphnia magna: Mediation of intestinal blockage.

Microplastics (MPs) have worldwide accumulated in aquatic environments and coexisted with various water contaminants including perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) that are frequently detected. The adverse effects of individual MPs or PFCs on aquatic organisms have been extensively reported; however, the combined toxicity of MPs and PFCs remains unknown. This study evaluated the combined toxicity of MPs [pristine and aged polystyrene (PS)] and a PFC [ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO)] to Daphnia magna under different concentration ratios by three classic methods: toxicity unit, additive index, and mixed toxicity index. The adsorption kinetics of APFO on MPs, aggregation of MPs in exposure medium, MP gut fullness of daphnids, intestinal histology, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed to reveal the mechanism underlying the combined toxicity. Our results showed that the combined toxic modes varied with the concentration ratios of MPs to APFO (antagonism at 4:1 and 1:4, synergism at 3:1, 1:2, and 1:3, and partial addition/antagonism at 2:1 and 1:1 for pristine PS + APFO; antagonism at all ratios except partial addition/antagonism at 3:1 and 1:3 for aged PS + APFO), which could be attributed to the alteration of MP aggregation and thus MP gut fullness in the daphnids. The combined toxicity was further confirmed to occur in the daphnid's gut, which was reflected in physiological and biochemical responses mediated by intestinal blockage. Observable intestinal damages under co-exposures at µg•L-1 levels indicated the risks from future long-term exposure to MPs and PFCs in aquatic environments. This work demonstrates the necessity of assessing combined toxicity with different concentration ratios and provides new insights into the potential risks of MPs in aquatic environments.

[Environmental Process, Effects and Risks of Emerging Contaminants in the Estuary-Coastal Environment].

Human activities and global climate change have contributed substantially to the input of land-sourced pollutants into the aquatic environment, especially for emerging or newly identified contaminants, such as microplastics, emerging persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. The prevalence and toxicity of these emerging pollutants has raised continued concern for the health and safety of the public worldwide. A review of sources, distribution, interfacial transport processes of microplastics, per-and polyfluorinated compounds, antibiotics, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals and factors that influence their environmental behavior in the estuary-coastal environment have been included. The adverse ecological effects and health risks of these emerging contaminants to humans were also reviewed. Lastly, the direction of future research was provided regarding the environmental behavior of multiple emerging pollutants in the coastal environment and the health risks resulting from their interactions, supporting the prevention and control of marine pollution and the healthy development of the marine economy.

Quantitative proteomics analysis of adsorbed plasma proteins classifies nanoparticles with different surface properties and size.

Nanoparticle biological activity, biocompatibility and fate can be directly affected by layers of readily adsorbed host proteins in biofluids. Here, we report a study on the interactions between human blood plasma proteins and nanoparticles with a controlled systematic variation of properties using (18)O-labeling and LC-MS-based quantitative proteomics. We developed a novel protocol to both simplify isolation of nanoparticle bound proteins and improve reproducibility. LC-MS analysis identified and quantified 88 human plasma proteins associated with polystyrene nanoparticles consisting of three different surface chemistries and two sizes, as well as, for four different exposure times (for a total of 24 different samples). Quantitative comparison of relative protein abundances was achieved by spiking an (18)O-labeled "universal" reference into each individually processed unlabeled sample as an internal standard, enabling simultaneous application of both label-free and isotopic labeling quantification across the entire sample set. Clustering analysis of the quantitative proteomics data resulted in distinctive patterns that classified the nanoparticles based on their surface properties and size. In addition, temporal data indicated that the formation of the stable protein corona was at equilibrium within 5 min. The comprehensive quantitative proteomics results obtained in this study provide rich data for computational modeling and have potential implications towards predicting nanoparticle biocompatibility.

Identification of c-type heme-containing peptides using nonactivated immobilized metal affinity chromatography resin enrichment and higher-energy collisional dissociation.

The c-type cytochromes play essential roles in many biological activities of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including electron transfer, enzyme catalysis, and induction of apoptosis. We report a novel enrichment strategy for identifying c-type heme-containing peptides that uses nonactivated IMAC resin. The strategy demonstrated at least 7-fold enrichment for heme-containing peptides digested from a cytochrome c protein standard, and quantitative linear performance was also assessed for heme-containing peptide enrichment. Heme-containing peptides extracted from the periplasmic fraction of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were further identified using higher-energy collisional dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated the applicability of this enrichment strategy to identify c-type heme-containing peptides from a highly complex biological sample and, at the same time, confirmed the periplasmic localization of heme-containing proteins during suboxic respiration activities of S. oneidensis MR-1.

Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma or giant cell reparative granuloma of the mandible?

Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) is a rare subtype of osteosarcoma, and no literature has reported occurrence in the mandible region up to now. In this article, we report a case of GCRO originating from the mandible in a 67-year-old woman who presented a history of painless mass located in the left side of the mandible after teeth extraction. The curettage biopsy histologic diagnosis is giant cell reparative granuloma before mandibulectomy surgery, but panoramic radiograph revealed an osteolytic lesion. The tumor was completely resected with segmental mandibulectomy and soft tissue with postoperative histologic diagnosis of GCRO. The free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap was performed to reconstruct the defect of the mandible and gingival mucosa. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The 1-year follow-up situation is fine.

Nitrogen loads alter the N2 production between denitrification and anammox in Min River Estuary, a highly impacted estuary in southeast China.

Estuarine sediment denitrification and anammox in response to increased nitrogen (N) loads remain poorly understood. In this study, we used N isotope tracer approach to investigate the spatial distribution of denitrification and anammox and identified the crucial controls on the partitioning of dinitrogen gas (N2) production along the Min River Estuary (MRE), a highly impacted estuary in southeast China. The results indicated that denitrification and anammox rates ranged from 10.5 to 70.7 nmol g-1 h-1 and from 0.44 to 4.31 nmol g-1 h-1, respectively. Relative contribution of anammox to N2 production (Ra) was in a range of 1.04-15.1%, tending to increase toward estuary mouth. Denitrification rates were significantly higher in upper (high N loads) than in lower estuary (low N loads), while anammox rates and Ra showed inverse distributions along the MRE. Wastewater discharge caused the N point pollution triggering denitrification but inhibiting anammox. The best predictor of the variations in denitrification rates was total nitrogen, whereas pH and NH4+ could explained the variations in anammox rates across the estuary. The crucial predictors for the partitioning of N2 production between denitrification and anammox were NH4+ and NOx-. These results suggest that the increase in human activities intensity can alter the partitioning of N2 production between denitrification and anammox, and the magnitude of this switch can be predicted by N loads in MRE and other highly impacted estuaries.

Polyurethane-modified graphene oxide composite bilayer wound dressing with long-lasting antibacterial effect.

In order to obtain a novel multifunctional wound dressing with good water vapor permeability and long-lasting antibacterial properties, a skin-like thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) bilayer membrane containing self-made polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) grafted graphene oxide (MGO) was prepared by non-solvent phase separation and particle filtration. The antibacterial properties and wound-healing ability of TPU, GO-TPU, MGO-TPU composite porous membrane are systematically compared. The results show that with the incorporation of MGO, the porous MGO-TPU membrane exhibits good biocompatibility, excellent water vapor transmission properties, and long-lasting broad-spectrum antibacterial properties (the antibacterial property remains unchanged for 30 days under continuously shaking and washing). The wound healing results for mouse model show that MGO-TPU could significantly accelerate the healing rate of wounds as it provides a sterile environment and also promotes the formation of re-epithelialization during wound healing.

Modeling and Experimentation of the Unidirectional Orthodontic Force of Second Sequential Loop Orthodontic Archwire.

The abnormal tooth arrangement is one of the most common clinical features of malocclusion which is mainly caused by the tooth root compression malformation. The second sequential loop is mostly used for the adjusting of the abnormal tooth arrangement. Now, the shape devise of orthodontic archwire depends completely on the doctor's experience and patients' feedback, this practice is time-consuming, and the treatment effect is unstable. The orthodontic-force of the different parameters of the second sequence loop, including different cross-sectional parameters, material parameters, and characteristic parameters, was compared and simulated for the abnormal condition of root compression deformity. In this paper, the analysis and experimental study on the unidirectional orthodontic-force were carried out. The different parameters of the second sequential loop are analyzed, and the equivalent beam deflection theory is used to analyze the relationship between orthodontic-force and archwire parameters. Based on the structural analysis of the second sequential loop, the device for measuring orthodontic force has been designed. The orthodontic force with different structural characteristics of archwire was compared and was measured. Finally, the correction factor was developed in the unidirectional orthodontic-force forecasting model to eliminate the influence of inherent error. The average relative error rate of the theoretical results of the unidirectional orthodontic-force forecasting model is between 12.6% and 8.75%, which verifies the accuracy of the prediction model.

Novel Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan/Modified Graphene Oxide Biocomposite for Wound Dressing Application.

Rapid absorption of wound exudate and prevention of wound infection are prerequisites for wound dressing to accelerate wound healing. In this study, a novel kind of promising wound dressing is developed by incorporating polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-modified graphene oxide (mGO) into the poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) matrix, conferring the dressing the required mechanical properties, higher water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), less swelling time, improved antibacterial activity, and more cell proliferation compared to the PVA/CS film crosslinked by genipin. In vivo experiments indicate that the PVA/CS/mGO composite film can accelerate wound healing via enhancement of the re-epithelialization. PVA/CS/mGO composite film with 0.5 wt% mGO sheets displays the best wound healing properties, as manifested by the 50% higher antibacterial rate compared to GO and the wound healing rate of the mouse using this dressing is about 41% faster than the control group and 31% faster than the pure PVA/CS dressing. The underlying mechanism of the accelerated wound healing properties may be a result of the improved antibacterial ability to eradicate pathogenic bacteria on the wound area and maintain an appropriate moist aseptic wound healing environment to accelerate re-epithelialization. These findings suggest that this novel composite PVA/CS/mGO film may have promising applications in wound dressing.

[Impact of PEG-packed islets upon anti-rejection therapy in homogeneous murine islet transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of polyethylene glycols (PEG) upon islet survival in homogeneous murine islet transplantation and understand the impact of PEGylation in combination with rapamycin upon anti-rejection therapy in homogeneous mice islet transplantation. METHODS: The subcutaneously pre-vascularized STZ-induced diabetic mice treated with transplanted islets of BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Group A with normal mice islets; Group B with PEG-packed islets; Group C with normal mice islets and 1.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) rapamycin; Group D with PEG-packed islets and 1.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) rapamycin; Group E with normal mice islets and 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) rapamycin; Group F with PEG-packed islets and 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) rapamycin. The post-transplantation blood glucose was monitored. Transplanted islets were analyzed by H&E and insulin immunostain. RESULTS: The survival time in group B was significantly prolonged as compared with group A (P < 0.01). The survival time in group C were (35.0 +/- 3.1) d and groups D, E, F had survival of up to 6 weeks. Transplantation sites of group A were observed with a more abundant infiltration of immune cells than group B. And the unmodified islets in group A were completely destroyed after transplantation. Insulin-positive islet cells were not detected at the entire transplantation site in group A while the presence was found at the transplantation site in group B. CONCLUSION: PEG-packed islets can significantly improve the survival time of transplanted islets. When combined with rapamycin, it can reduce the dose of rapamycin.

[A study on decreasing the instrument detection limit of atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS-930) for Hg].

In the present study, the detection limit of atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS-930) was decreased to 2 ng x L(-1) (n=6) based on several optimizing modifications, including that the sub-high voltage of photomultiplier tube and the current of hollow-cathode lamp were elevated to 280 V and to 30 mA, respectively, and the height of atomization cell was set as 10 mm; In addition, the concentration of KBH4 was decreased to 0.5% (KOH 0.2%). With the optimized parameters, a good standard curve of Hg concentration versus intensity of fluorescence (If) could been obtained readily, after that, a 4-ng x L(-1)-Hg water samples was measured accurately with a little relative standard deviation (RSD) of <5%, while for approximately 2-ng x L(-1)-Hg waters the RSD varied within a wide range of 10.9%-27.2%, likely due to the absorption of Hg by polyethylene vessels used in this study and/or due to the contamination by analysis grade reagents used in this study. By using low-absorption polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) materials and the guaranteed reagents, the instrument detection limit was further decreased to 1 ng x L(-1) (n=10).

Delivery Of Curcumin Nanoliposomes Using Surface Modified With CD133 Aptamers For Prostate Cancer.

AIM: The aim of this study was to characterize curcumin (CUR)-loaded CD133 aptamer A15 liposomes for their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The modified CUR liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique. RESULTS: The particles showed spherical shape under electron microscopy with sizes <100 nm. Initial drug burst release was observed within 2 hrs and then the drug was continuously released over 48 hrs. No aggregation or precipitation of liposomes was observed during storage for 3 months. In vitro results showed that blank LPs had lower cellular cytotoxicity. Both liposomes of CUR (with or without A15 modified) exhibited a similar trend of cellular cytotoxicity at the same concentration. With the extension of incubation time, A15-CUR LPs showed a greater inhibitory effect on cells. Cell internalization in DU145 cells was higher for A15-CUR LPs than others. An in vivo study using DU145 prostate carcinoma bearing mice showed that A15-CUR LPs reduced tumor growth more than other forms of CUR. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that A15 modified CUR liposomes are a promising candidate for antitumor drug delivery.

Short fluorocarbon chains containing hydrophobic nanofibrous membranes with improved hemocompatibility, anticoagulation and anti-fouling performance.

Thromboembolic diseases have become one of the most hazardous and mortal diseases to human life. In this paper, a highly hydrophobic nanofibrous membrane was prepared via electrospinning of PCL-b-PHFBA (polycaprolactone -b- poly (heptafluoro butyl acrylate)) block copolymers. The nanofibrous membranes showed high hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of ˜136° due to their rough nanofibrous surface morphology and contained small portion of short fluorocarbon chain polymer PHFBA. According to the results of whole blood clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma re-calcification time test (PRT), platelets adhesion and the ultra-low hemolysis rate of 1.13% to red blood cells (RBCs), the membranes exhibited interesting anticoagulant and decreased-platelet adhesion performance. PCL-b-PHFBA nanofibrous membranes showed mild anti-fouling activity, reduced Bovine Serum albumin (BSA) protein absorption and bacterial adhesion compared with PCL nanofibrous membranes. The introduction of PHFBA component did not lead to any obvious cytotoxicity according to the cytocompatibility and cell adhesion study, suggesting that the PCL-b-PHFBA nanofibrous membranes are promising for blood related applications by minimizing the coagulation, hemolysis, BSA protein adsorption, bacterial attachment and platelet adhesion.