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BACKGROUND: Bone loss of residual alveolar ridges is a great challenge in the field of dental implantology. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) is commonly used for bone regeneration, however, it is loose and difficult to handle in clinical practice. Hyaluronic acid (HA) shows viscoelasticity, permeability and excellent biocompatibility. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether high-molecular-weight (MW) HA combined with DBBM could promote new bone formation in rat calvarial critical size defects (CSDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat calvarial CSDs (5 mm in diameter) were created. Rats (n = 45) were randomly divided into 3 groups: HA-DBBM compound grafting group, DBBM particles only grafting group and no graft group. Defect healing was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and histomorphometry 2, 4 and 8 weeks postop, followed by Micro-CT scanning 8 weeks postop. Statistical analyses were performed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test with P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. RESULTS: All rats survived after surgery. Histomorphometric evaluation revealed that at 2, 4 and 8 weeks postop, the percentage of newly formed bone was significantly greater in HA-DBBM compound grafting group than in the other two groups. Consistently, Micro-CT assessment revealed significantly more trabecular bone (BV/TV and Tb.N) in HA-DBBM compound group than in the other two groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, the trabecular bone was significantly more continuous (Tb.Pf) in HA-DBBM compound group than in the other two groups, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HA not only significantly promoted new bone formation in rats calvarial CSDs but also improved the handling ability of DBBM.
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Regeneración Ósea , Sustitutos de Huesos , Ácido Hialurónico , Osteogénesis , Cráneo , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Animales , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacología , Ácido Hialurónico/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Cráneo/cirugía , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cráneo/patología , Sustitutos de Huesos/uso terapéutico , Sustitutos de Huesos/farmacología , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Distribución Aleatoria , BovinosRESUMEN
Euplatypus parallelus is one of the dominant rubber bark beetle species in Hainan's rubber-planting area. Semiochemicals, including the volatiles found in rubber trees and aggregation pheromones, play an important role in the search for suitable host plants. To examine the possible functional role of highly expressed odorant-binding protein 2 of Euplatypus parallelus (EparOBP2) in the semiochemical recognition process, we cloned and analyzed the cDNA sequence of EparOBP2. The results showed that EparOBP2 contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 393 bp that encodes 130 amino acids, including a 21-amino-acid residue signal peptide at the N-terminus. The matured EparOBP2 protein consists of seven α-helices, creating an open binding pocket and three disulfide bridges. The results of the fluorescence binding assay showed that EparOBP2 had high binding ability with α-pinene and myrcene. The docking results confirmed that the interactions of α-pinene and myrcene with EparOBP2 were primarily achieved through hydrophobic interactions. This study provides evidence that EparOBP2 may be involved in the chemoreception of semiochemicals and that it can successfully contribute to the integrated management of E. parallelus.
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Receptores Odorantes , Gorgojos , Animales , Feromonas/metabolismo , Goma , Gorgojos/metabolismo , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Unión ProteicaRESUMEN
Objectives: To investigate the impact of combining lenvatinib with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: This was a retrospective observational study which reviewed the medical records of 103 unresectable HCC patients from January 2017 to June 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. It included 46 patients who received TACE plus lenvatinib and 57 patients who received TACE alone. The levels of serum indicators, clinical effect, adverse events, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups. Results: AFP and VEGF levels in the TACE+lenvatinib group post-treatment were significantly lower than the TACE group (P<0.05). The clinical efficacy in the TACE+lenvatinib group (69.57%) was higher than that in the TACE group (40.35%) post-treatment (P<0.05). There were significant differences in hypertension, diarrhea, and bleeding (gingiva) between the two groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in one or two year PFS rate or one year OS between groups (P>0.05), while the two years survival rate in the TACE+lenvatinib group was significantly higher than that in the TACE group (P<0.05). Conclusions: TACE combined with lenvatinib have a high clinical effective rate, with reduced AFP and VEGF levels, higher two year survival rate, and acceptable incidence of adverse events.
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A Schneiderian membrane (SM) thickness of >2 mm is regarded as a pathological mucosal change. The current study aimed to determine whether sinus floor elevation (SFE) in the presence of SM pathology increases the risk of membrane perforation and implant failure rate. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were systemically searched for studies published until February 2020. Randomized and nonrandomized studies reporting the incidence of SM perforation in patients with SM pathology (antral pseudocyst or mucosal thickening) during SFE were included. The outcome measures were the incidence of SM perforation and implant survival rate. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed-effects model. A P value ≤.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Eighteen studies with a total of 1542 patients and 1797 SFE were included. A nonsignificant difference in the incidence of SM perforation was observed between the normal-appearing sinus and thickened sinus mucosa (fixed effects; OR, 0.896; 95% CI, 0.504-1.59; P = .707, I2 = 32%). The rates of SM perforation in the normal sinus, mucosal thickening, and antral pseudocysts were 14%, 6%, and 6% respectively. The implant survival rate was 98% in the normal sinus and 100% in antral pseudocyst and mucosal thickening. SM thickening or antral pseudocysts did not increase the risk of membrane perforation or rate of implant failure. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effect of pathological changes in the SM on the failure of bone augmentation and dental implants.
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Implantes Dentales , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar , Implantes Dentales/efectos adversos , Humanos , Incidencia , Seno Maxilar , Mucosa Nasal , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Yeast productivity in lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation is clearly impeded by stress. Enhancing the robustness of xylose-fermenting yeast is important for improving lignocellulosic ethanol production. In this study, the glutathione biosynthesis pathway and acetic acid degradation pathway were strengthened to enhance yeast tolerance to stress due to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acetic acid. Dynamic feedback regulation of the anti-stress genetic circuits was achieved using stress-driven promoters discovered from the transcriptome to maintain low intracellular ROS, relieve the metabolic burden, and ultimately improve the robustness and ethanol production of yeast. The cell growth, xylose utilization and ethanol production of the engineered strain were enhanced under both stress and nonstress conditions. The engineered strain showed 49.5% and 17.5% higher ethanol productivity in laboratory media and industrial lignocellulosic media, respectively, at 36 °C compared with the parent strain. This study provides novel insights on the rational design and construction of feedback genetic circuits for dynamically improving yeast robustness.
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Etanol/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Ingeniería Metabólica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present report was to compare 2-year safety outcomes of two biodegradable polymer (BP) sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) with different drug eluting and polymer absorption kinetics in a subgroup of complex patients and lesions. BACKGROUND: The previously published PANDA III study showed the BuMA BP SES, with faster drug elution and polymer absorption, was non-inferior to the Excel SES in target lesion failure (TLF). METHODS: In PANDA III trial, patients who fulfilled one or more of the following criteria were included: Small vessel disease (reference vessel diameter ≤ 2.5 mm); long lesion (lesion length ≥ 20 mm); chronic total occlusion lesion; and diabetic patients. RESULTS: Among 2,348 patients randomly assigned to treatment with BuMA (n = 1,174) or Excel SES (n = 1,174) in the PANDA III study, 858 in the BuMA group and 855 in the Excel group satisfied the inclusion criteria. At 2-year follow-up, the incidence of definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST) was significantly lower with BuMA SES as compared with Excel SES (0.7% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.03). This difference was mainly caused by decreased subacute stent thrombosis rate (0% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.03). In patients who did not fulfill the complex patient and lesion criteria, there were no between-group difference in ST (0.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.50). Myocardial infarction and TLF rates were similar (5.7% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.79 and 8.8% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.34, respectively), whereas patient-oriented composite endpoint was higher with BuMA SES mainly due to high risk of revascularization (15.6% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.01; 8.4% vs. 4.6%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Two-year subgroup analysis of the all-comer PANDA III trial revealed the increased safety benefit of the BuMA SES is more prominently seen in complex patient and lesion population. CLINICAL TRIAL: ClinicalTrial.gov, Identifier-NCT02017275.
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Síndrome Coronario Agudo/terapia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administración & dosificación , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/terapia , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/instrumentación , Poliésteres/química , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Sirolimus/administración & dosificación , Absorción Fisicoquímica , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/diagnóstico por imagen , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efectos adversos , China , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis Coronaria/etiología , Humanos , Cinética , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Estudios Prospectivos , Diseño de Prótesis , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Sirolimus/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Tadalafil (TD), a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor with poor oral bioavailability. The aim of the study was to prepare and characterize three crystalline polymorphs of TD (II, III, and IV) and the tadalafil amorphous form (TD-AM). TD polymorphs and TD-AM were prepared and characterized by polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), and Fourier-transform (FT)IR, followed by the dissolution testing, physical stabilities and polymorphic transformation studies. TD-I and TD-II were found to be enantiotropically related, while TD-III was monotiotropically related to TD-I with heat release. Among all studied polymorphs, TD-AM demonstrated an extremely high intrinsic dissolution rate with most prolonged higher saturated concentration during dissolution, while TD-II, TD-III, and TD-IV converted to TD-I easily by supersaturation-mediated phase transformation. Upon heating under 60°C for 3 h and storing at long-term stability condition for 3 months, no phase transformation was detected for TD-I, TD-III, and TD-AM, while TD-II and TD-IV easily transformed to TD-I and TD-III, respectively. The higher intrinsic dissolution rate, prolonged supersaturated state during dissolution and favorable physical stability of TD-AM made it to be a very promising candidate for further product development.
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Polímeros/química , Tadalafilo/química , Cristalización , Conformación Molecular , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polímeros/síntesis química , Solubilidad , Propiedades de Superficie , Tadalafilo/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Implantation of early-generation metallic drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with poor vessel wall healing. Use of biodegradable polymer (BP) DES might improve safety outcomes; however, the impact of varying drug elution and polymer absorption kinetics of BP-DES on clinical outcomes in the AMI population is unknown. METHODS: This subgroup analysis of the randomized PANDA III trial included 732 patients (366 in each group) presenting with recent (<1 month) AMI. Primary endpoint was 1-year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization. Secondary endpoints included a patient-oriented composite endpoint (PoCE) of all-cause death, all MI, or any revascularization; individual TLF and PoCE components; and definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between-groups in baseline clinical, angiographic, or procedural characteristics other than the proportion of post-dilatation, which was performed more frequently with the BuMA stent (53.9% vs. 44.5%; P = 0.004). After 1 year, compared to Excel SES implantation in patients with AMI, BuMA was associated with similar incidences of TLF and PoCE (5.5% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.14; 8.8% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.61, respectively) but lower incidences of MI (2.5% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.02), target vessel MI (2.2% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.01), and definite/probable ST (0.3% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: BuMA SES, with faster drug elution rate and polymer absorption kinetics, might improve safety outcomes compared to Excel SES in the high-risk AMI population. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Implantes Absorbibles , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administración & dosificación , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Ácido Láctico/química , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/instrumentación , Poliésteres/química , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Sirolimus/administración & dosificación , Adsorción , Anciano , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efectos adversos , China , Angiografía Coronaria , Trombosis Coronaria/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Cinética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/mortalidad , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Estudios Prospectivos , Diseño de Prótesis , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Sirolimus/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To radiographically investigate early outcomes of osteotome sinus floor elevation in the healing phase utilizing cone beam computed tomography and evaluate influences of Schneiderian membrane conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred patients were consecutively recruited for osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) surgery using deproteinized bone mineral. CBCT was taken prior to (T0), immediately post-operatively (T1), and after the healing period (T2). Linear and volumetric measurements of the elevated region from T0 to T1 were performed for evaluation on computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: Osteotome sinus floor elevation were performed in 100 patients. One implant of each patient was selected. Mean residual bone height (RH) was 7.21 ± 1.12 mm. Mean sinus floor elevation height (SE) was 4.81 ± 0.75 mm. The mean endo-sinus bone gain after the healing period was 3.25 ± 0.83 mm. Pre-opterative CBCT scans revealed that 72 patients had a normal sinus membrane in osteotome region, 13 patients presented with flat thickened mucosa and 15 patients with antral pseudocysts. There is no significant difference in sinus mucosa elevation height, bone graft volume and new bone formation in group of Thickening membrane and Antral pseudocysts compared with normal. CONCLUSIONS: The radiographical results show that OSFE is a safe and predictable surgical procedure in residual bone height of 7.21 ± 1.12 mm. Mild flat thickening (>2 and <5 mm) and antral pseudocysts in a small size without clinical symptoms may not be contraindications to OSFE surgery.
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Mucosa Nasal , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Maxilar/cirugía , Osteotomía Maxilar , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Biocompatible polymer everolimus-eluting stents (EES) are associated with risk of stent thrombosis (ST); biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) were designed to reduce these risks. However, the long-term benefits are not completely clear. METHOD: We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized studies identified in systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. Primary outcome was the risk of ST. RESULTS: Twelve studies (11,692 patients) were included. Overall, compared with EES, BP-DES were associated with a broadly equivalent risk of definite and probable ST (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.50; P = 0.71; I2 = 0.0%), early ST (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 0.78 to 6.47; P = 0.13; I2 = 0.0%), late ST (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 0.42 to 30.58; P = 0.25; I2 = 0.0%) and very late ST (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.05 to 5.52; P = 0.57). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.32; P = 0.54; I2 = 0.0%), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.30; P = 0.47; I2 = 0.0%), target vessel revascularization (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.21; P = 0.80; I2 = 12.0%), and major adverse cardiac events (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.16; P = 0.53; I2 = 0.0%). Furthermore, angiographic data showed that in-stent and in-segment late luminal loss were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with biocompatible polymer EES, biodegradable polymer stents appear to have equivalent clinical benefits.
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Materiales Biocompatibles , Plásticos Biodegradables , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Reestenosis Coronaria/prevención & control , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Everolimus/farmacología , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/métodos , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , PolímerosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of sinus floor elevation (SFE) on sinus physiology, including Schneiderian membrane thickness (MT) and ostium patency, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on pre-established selection criteria, 53 patients in combination with 53 sinuses were referred for SFE with a lateral approach using deproteinized bone mineral. CBCT was performed prior to, immediately after surgery and before staged implant placement. The Schneiderian MT of the elevated region, ostium patency, and other clinical data was evaluated. RESULTS: The two-stage sinus augmentation technique was applied in 33 males and 20 females. Four membrane perforations were observed during the surgical procedure. The Schneiderian membrane exhibited significant swelling immediately after augmentation (P < 0.0001), but this difference disappeared after a mean healing period of 7.51 months. The corresponding changes were also observed for ostium patency with a tendency of transient obstruction after surgery. Sinuses with flat mucosal thickening or pseudocysts did not present a liability of perforation compared to the normal cases, and the augmentation procedure was not likely to deteriorate the pathology of mucosal thickening or pseudocysts. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that SFE with a lateral approach has no significant influence on MT and ostium patency after the healing period except for postoperative transient swelling and obstruction. Thickened membranes and antral pseudocysts in a small size might not be contraindications to SFE from the standpoint of the surgical impact on the Schneiderian membrane.
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Proceso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Mucosa Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Mucosa Nasal/lesiones , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Sustitutos de Huesos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have 2 specific characteristics: self-renewal and multi- or pluripotency. Extensive studies have demonstrated the regenerative capability of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Gingiva-derived MSCs (GMSCs) represent a unique population of MSCs that can be easily isolated and obtained. GMSCs, which maintain a normal karyotype and telomerase activity in long-term cultures, display a stable phenotype and rapidly proliferate in vitro. In addition, GMSCs can be induced to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Therefore, GMSCs are a promising alternative cell source for tissue regeneration in dentistry. In this article we review studies of the characterization, differentiation capacities, and regenerative role of GMSCs derived from the gingiva of humans and other species, focusing on the mechanisms of differentiation and tissue regeneration of human GMSCs. We anticipate that GMSC-based therapies will significantly contribute to regenerative medicine for the treatment of human dental diseases and improve human health.
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Encía/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Medicina Regenerativa/métodos , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Odontología , Encía/citología , Humanos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citologíaRESUMEN
The process of preprocessing techniques such as acid and alkali pretreatment in lignocellulosic industry generates substantial solid residues and lignocellulosic pretreatment wastewater (LPW) containing glucose, xylose and toxic byproducts. In this study, furfural and vanillin were selected as model toxic byproducts. Kurthia huakuii as potential strain could tolerate to high concentrations of inhibitors. The results indicated that vanillin exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on K. huakuii (3.95 % inhibition rate at 1 g/L than furfural (0.45 %). However, 0.5 g/L vanillin promoted the bacterial growth (-2.35 % inhibition rate). Interestingly, the combination of furfural and vanillin exhibited antagonistic effects on bacterial growth (Q<0.85). Furfural and vanillin could be bio-transformed into less toxic molecules (furfuryl alcohol, furoic acid, vanillyl alcohol, and vanillic acid) by K. huakuii, and inhibitor degradation rate could be promoted by expression of antioxidant enzymes. This study provides important insights into how bacteria detoxify inhibitors in LPW, potentially enhancing resource utilization.
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Benzaldehídos , Biomasa , Lignina , Aguas Residuales , Lignina/metabolismo , Aguas Residuales/química , Benzaldehídos/farmacología , Furaldehído/farmacología , Furaldehído/metabolismo , Furaldehído/análogos & derivados , Biodegradación Ambiental , Ácido Vanílico/farmacología , Ácido Vanílico/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Lignocellulosic biomass is a pivotal renewable resource in biorefinery process, requiring pretreatment, primarily chemical pretreatment, for effective depolymerization and subsequent transformation. This process yields solid residue for saccharification and lignocellulosic pretreatment wastewater (LPW), which comprises sugars and inhibitors such as phenols and furans. This study explored the microalgal capacity to treat LPW, focusing on two key hydrolysate inhibitors: furfural and vanillin, which impact the growth of six green microalgae. Chlorella sorokiniana exhibited higher tolerance to furfural and vanillin. However, both inhibitors hindered the growth of C. sorokiniana and disrupted algal photosynthetic system, with vanillin displaying superior inhibition. A synergistic inhibitory effect (Q < 0.85) was observed with furfural and vanillin on algal growth. Furfural transformation to low-toxic furfuryl alcohol was rapid, yet the addition of vanillin hindered this process. Vanillin stimulated carbohydrate accumulation, with 50.48 % observed in the 0.1 g/L furfural + 0.1 g/L vanillin group. Additionally, vanillin enhanced the accumulation of C16: 0 and C18: 2, reaching 21.71 % and 40.36 %, respectively, with 0.1 g/L vanillin. This study proposed a microalgae-based detoxification and resource utilization approach for LPW, enhancing the comprehensive utilization of lignocellulosic components. The observed biomass modifications also suggested potential applications for biofuel production, contributing to the evolving landscape of sustainable biorefinery processes.
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Lignina , Microalgas , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Aguas Residuales , Aguas Residuales/química , Lignina/metabolismo , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Benzaldehídos/metabolismo , Furaldehído/metabolismo , Biomasa , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Chlorella/metabolismoRESUMEN
The 3D printed scaffolds constructed from polymers have shown significant potential in the field of bone defect regeneration. However, the efficacy of these scaffolds can be markedly reduced in certain pathological conditions like diabetes, where an altered inflammatory microenvironment and diminished small blood vessels complicate the integration of these polymers with the host tissue. In this study, the bioactivity of a 3D-printed poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold is enhanced through the integration of hydroxyapatite (HA), icariin (ICA), and small intestine submucosa (SIS), a form of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM). The decoration of SIS on the 3D-printed PLGA/HA/ICA scaffold not only improves the mechanical and degradative performance, but also extends the release of ICA from the scaffold. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this functionalized scaffold mitigates the persistent inflammatory conditions characteristic of diabetic bone defects through inducing macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. Additionally, the scaffold promotes angiogenesis by enhancing the migration and tube formation of vascular cells. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of ICA and SIS with the HA scaffolds contribute to the superior osteogenic induction capabilities. This functionalization approach holds significant promise in advancing the treatment of bone defects within the diabetic population, paving a step forward in the application of polymer-based 3D printing technologies in regenerative medicine.
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Regeneración Ósea , Mucosa Intestinal , Intestino Delgado , Impresión Tridimensional , Andamios del Tejido , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Ratas , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
The interaction perception between aroma and oral chewing during food consumption has always been a hot topic in exploring consumers' preferences and purchase desires. A chewing simulation system was set to find out the effect of key saliva components and chewing time on odorants released with grilled eel meat. Odor release did not always enhance with the degree of chewing, or the amount of saliva released. The breaking up of the tissue structure of the fish meat by the teeth encourages the release of odorants and the participation of saliva partially blocks this process. The release of pyrazine, alcohol, and acid compounds in grilled eel meat peaked within 20-60 s after chewing. Sufficient exposure of saliva to grilled eel meat will inhibit aromatic, ketone, ester, hydrocarbon, and sulfur compounds release. 3-methyl-2-butanol contributed to the subtle aroma differences that arise before and after eating grilled eel meat. Naphthalene, 2-acetylthiazole, 2-decenal, 2-undecanone, 5-ethyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone were the main odorants released in large quantities in the early stages of eating grilled eel and affected the top note. Consequently, the results provided the odorants information in aroma perception during grilled eel consumption and benefited the objective evaluation of grilled eel product optimization.
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Producing a desirable adsorbent with strong affinity adsorption sites, excellent selectivity properties, and the ability to easily separate solid from liquid for the removal of phenol to a permissible level remains a great challenge in wastewater treatment. Herein, an N-doped magnetic carbon skeleton is presented as a porous adsorbent matrix. Importantly, the pore volume and specific surface area of the adsorbent matrix can be meticulously tuned by adjusting the thermal treatment condition, while dispersing and immobilizing the N fraction. This would ultimately result in an N-rich matrix structure with flexible mass transfer channel. The imprinted modification generates a large number of phenol-shaped geometrical cavities on the matrix. This helps to activate the phenol recognition "awareness" of N-active sites and greatly endows the adsorbent with selective adsorption property. Due to the advantageous balance between the hierarchical porous adsorbent matrix with uniformly distributed N-active sites and the imprinted polymer, the adsorbent has a superior adsorption capacity of 995.2 mg g-1 and selective recognition (Kd = 3.92, 3.78; HQ, PTBP) towards phenol. It outperforms previously reported adsorbents. In addition, its easy magnetic separation property makes the adsorbent to have excellent reusability. The adsorbent presents a promising potential for separating pollutants from wastewater and it sheds light on the design of an efficient comprehensive adsorbent.
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Fenol , Aguas Residuales , Carbono , Polímeros/química , Porosidad , Adsorción , Fenoles , Fenómenos MagnéticosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The semiburied design of the traditional internal distractor has a relatively high risk of infection and aesthetic problems. To reduce these potential risks, a modified internal distractor with design of pre-embedding curvilinear rail, drive screw, and universal joint was invented. Its stress distribution characteristics and the effect on curvilinear distraction osteogenesis (DO) in vivo were further tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on a model of the human mandible and distraction device to measure the stress distribution during curvilinear DO. Six beagles underwent curvilinear DO and consolidation using the new device. Radiological and histological examinations were performed on the new bone. RESULTS: On FEA, the stress was concentrated in the condyle (128.6 MPa) and curved guide rails (324.8 MPa). Four of the six animals completed the DO period and were consolidated for 12 weeks. Secondary infections were not observed. Radiography showed that a new fan-shaped bone-15.5 ± 5.5 mm in length and 4.6 ± 1.6 mm in height-was formed in the bone gap. Micro-computed tomography and histological examinations of specimens indicated that the structure of the new bone was similar to that of the normal bone. CONCLUSIONS: The modified internal curvilinear distraction device meets the mechanical strength requirement and achieve curvilinear DO in animal experiments.
Asunto(s)
Experimentación Animal , Osteogénesis por Distracción , Perros , Humanos , Animales , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Mandíbula/cirugía , Mandíbula/patología , Osteogénesis por Distracción/métodos , Tornillos ÓseosRESUMEN
Microplastics (MPs) released from food packaging have attracted widespread attention. In this study, drip bags made from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), and rayon selected from eight brands were employed to investigate MPs releasing. Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (µ-FTIR), optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the effects of brewing time and temperature on the release of MPs. The results showed that a single plastic coffee bag steeped at 95 â for 5 min could release more than 10,000 MPs particles into a cup of coffee. Irregular blocks, long strips, and size range of 10-500 µm MPs were easier to be released, implying that consuming 3-4 cups of coffee will lead to an intake of 50 thousand MPs particles daily. Rayon was the primary type of released MPs, accounting for over 80% of the total amount of the released MPs. Our results are hoped to provide evaluation standards of material selection for processing coffee bags.
Asunto(s)
Microplásticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Plásticos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , AguaRESUMEN
The stability of the core can significantly impact the therapeutic effectiveness of liposome-based drugs. While the spherical nucleic acid (SNA) architecture has elevated liposomal stability to increase therapeutic efficacy, the chemistry used to anchor the DNA to the liposome core is an underexplored design parameter with a potentially widespread biological impact. Herein, we explore the impact of SNA anchoring chemistry on immunotherapeutic function by systematically studying the importance of hydrophobic dodecane anchoring groups in attaching DNA strands to the liposome core. By deliberately modulating the size of the oligomer that defines the anchor, a library of structures has been established. These structures, combined with in vitro and in vivo immune stimulation analyses, elucidate the relationships between and importance of anchoring strength and dissociation of DNA from the SNA shell on its biological properties. Importantly, the most stable dodecane anchor, (C12)9, is superior to the n = 4-8 and 10 structures and quadruples immune stimulation compared to conventional cholesterol-anchored SNAs. When the OVA1 peptide antigen is encapsulated by the (C12)9 SNA and used as a therapeutic vaccine in an E.G7-OVA tumor model, 50% of the mice survived the initial tumor, and all of those survived tumor rechallenge. Importantly, the strong innate immune stimulation does not cause a cytokine storm compared to linear immunostimulatory DNA. Moreover, a (C12)9 SNA that encapsulates a peptide targeting SARS-CoV-2 generates a robust T cell response; T cells raised from SNA treatment kill >40% of target cells pulsed with the same peptide and ca. 45% of target cells expressing the entire spike protein. This work highlights the importance of using anchor chemistry to elevate SNA stability to achieve more potent and safer immunotherapeutics in the context of both cancer and infectious disease.