Effect of ceramic surface treatment on the shear bond strength of a resin cement to different ceramic systems.

This study evaluated three surface treatments and their effect on the shear bond strength between a resin cement and one of three ceramics. The ceramic surfaces were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well. Specimens were treated with 50 µm aluminum oxide airborne particles, 10% hydrofluoric acid etching, or a combination of the two. Using a matrix with a center hole (5.0 mm x 3.0 mm), the ceramic bonding areas were filled with resin cement following treatment. The specimens were submitted to thermal cycling (1,000 cycles) and the shear bond strength was tested (0.5 mm/minute). The failure mode and the effect of surface treatment were analyzed under SEM. Data were submitted to ANOVA and a Tukey test (α = 0.05). Duceram Plus and IPS Empress 2 composite specimens produced similar shear bond strength results (p > 0.05), regardless of the treatment method used. Hydrofluoric acid decreased the shear bond strength of In-Ceram Alumina specimens. For all materials, surface treatments changed the morphological surface. All treatments influenced the shear bond strength and failure mode of the ceramic/resin cement composites.

Fatigue limits for composite restorations with and without glass ionomer cement liners.

This laboratory study compared the flexural endurance limits of clinical combinations of dental composite with and without glass ionomer cement (GIC) liners. Using only composite (Filtek Z350), specimens (10 mm long x 2 mm wide x 2 mm thick) in the control group were produced. Two GICs (Vitremer and Vitrebond) were used with the composite to prepare the test groups. Flexural strength and flexural fatigue limit (FFL) tests were performed. The FFL was determined using the staircase method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. There was a significant difference in flexural strength values between the composite-only specimens and those produced by composite and GIC (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in the flexural strength values between composite with Vitremer and composite with Vitrebond (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected in FFL values between composite with Vitremer and composite with Vitrebond; in addition, the mean value of the composite-only specimens differed statistically from those of both composite with Vitremer and composite with Vitrebond (p < 0.05). The FFL was lower than the flexural strength, indicating a decrease in flexural strength of 45 to 50%. Using GICs with composite decreased the mechanical properties (FFL and flexural strength) of the composite.

Shear strength evaluation of composite-composite resin associations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the shear strength between distinct associations of different commercial composite resins and their fracture modes. METHODS: Nine composite-composite associations (n=90) were prepared for shear strength evaluation and separated into the following groups: Z/Z (Filtek Z250 UD+Filtek Z250 A2); Z/D (Filtek Z250 UD+Durafill VS A2); Z/S (Filtek Z250 UD+Filtek Supreme YT); C/C (Charisma OA2+Charisma A2); C/D (Charisma OA2+Durafill VS A2); C/S (Charisma OA2+Filtek Supreme YT); H/H (Herculite XRV B2D+Herculite XRV B2E); H/D (Herculite XRV B2D+Durafill VS A2); H/S (Herculite XRV B2D+Filtek Supreme YT). Shear tests were carried out using universal mechanical test equipment with a load of 200kgf and speed of 0.5mm/min. Ultimate shear strength data (MPa) from all tested groups were submitted to analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and the Tukey test. The fractured surfaces of the test samples were visually evaluated by binocular stereomicroscope at 20 times magnification. Fractures were classified as either adhesive or cohesive or mixed. RESULTS: The highest ultimate shear strength observed for composite-composite associations was found for the groups: Z/Z, C/S, H/H, H/S, Z/S and C/C. Those associations containing the Durafill resin were weaker than the others. CONCLUSION: Microparticle RBC associations presented lower shear strength than hybrid and/or nanoparticle RBC associations, once the only significant difference was found when the Durafill resin was involved.

Effect of artificial accelerated aging on Vickers microhardness of composite resins.

Successful restoration depends on the mechanical resistance of dental restorative materials. The occlusal forces from masticatory contacts can affect the durability of restorations and cause fractures. Over time, monomers convert to polymers, leading to degradation of the organic matrix, which can interfere with mechanical resistance. This study sought to assess the effect of artificially accelerated aging on the microhardness of five composite resins: Filtek Z250, Charisma, Durafill VS, Filtek Supreme for body, and Filtek Supreme translucent. Ten test specimens were made of each material, using a 6.0 x 2.0 mm teflon matrix. After 24 hours, five test specimens of each material were submitted to the Vickers microhardness test (control group) for 10 seconds at a load of 300 kgf. The other five test specimens remained in the artificially accelerated aging machine for 196 hours and were submitted to the Vickers microhardness test. Filtek Z250 had the highest values and Durafill the lowest, both at 24 hours and after artificially accelerated aging. Artificially accelerated aging increased the microhardness of the composite resins.

The relationship between masticatory and swallowing behaviors and body weight.

The present study aimed to compare the main objective parameters of mastication among individuals with different body mass indexes. One hundred and sixty participants matched for gender and age were divided in the following groups according to their body mass index (BMI): Obese group (30 ≤ BMI < 35), Overweight group (25 ≤ BMI < 30), normal range group (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) and underweight group (17 ≤ BMI < 18.5). Each group was composed by forty subjects. The maximum bite force, the masticatory performance, chewing rate and three variables related to swallowing (number of chewing cycles, chewing time, and median particle size) were assessed in all groups. The oral conditions, including the number of teeth, number of occlusal units and salivary flow (unstimulated and stimulated) were also evaluated. Regardless of the BMI, males had a larger bite force and better masticatory and swallowing performances than females. They also chewed faster than females. Individuals of the obese group had the largest median particles sizes (both after 20 chewing cycles and at the moment of swallowing), which indicates a less good masticatory performance. The median particle sizes were negatively correlated with the number of teeth and number of occlusal units in the obese group. We did not observe large differences in masticatory performance and swallowing variables among the four weight groups, although there was a tendency that individuals of the obese group swallowed larger particles. The results of this study do not support the existence of an "obese chewing style".

Effects of different surface treatments and accelerated artificial aging on the bond strength of composite resin repairs.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the bond strength of composite resin repairs subjected to different surface treatments and accelerated artificial aging. 192 cylindrical samples (CSs) were prepared and divided into 24 groups (n = 8). Half of the CSs were stored in water for 24 h, and the other half were subjected to C-UV accelerated aging for non-metallic specimens. The treatments were phosphoric acid + silane + adhesive (PSA); phosphoric acid + adhesive (PA); diamond bur + phosphoric acid + silane + adhesive (DPSA); diamond bur + phosphoric acid + adhesive (DPA); air abrasion + phosphoric acid + silane + adhesive (APSA); and air abrasion + phosphoric acid + adhesive (APA). The repair was performed and the specimens were again aged as described above. A control group (n = 8) was established and did not receive any type of aging or surface treatment. The specimens were loaded to failure in shear mode with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among DPSA, DPA, APSA, APA, and the control group. The aged PSA and PA achieved low bonding values and were statistically different from the control group, whereas the non-aged PSA and PA presented no statistically significant difference from the control group. Repairs with the proposed surface treatments were viable on both recent and aged restorations; however, phosphoric acid + adhesive alone were effective only on recent restorations.

Effects of different surface treatments and accelerated artificial aging on the bond strength of composite resin repairs

The purpose of the present study was to assess the bond strength of composite resin repairs subjected to different surface treatments and accelerated artificial aging. 192 cylindrical samples (CSs) were prepared and divided into 24 groups (n = 8). Half of the CSs were stored in water for 24 h, and the other half were subjected to C-UV accelerated aging for non-metallic specimens. The treatments were phosphoric acid + silane + adhesive (PSA); phosphoric acid + adhesive (PA); diamond bur + phosphoric acid + silane + adhesive (DPSA); diamond bur + phosphoric acid + adhesive (DPA); air abrasion + phosphoric acid + silane + adhesive (APSA); and air abrasion + phosphoric acid + adhesive (APA). The repair was performed and the specimens were again aged as described above. A control group (n = 8) was established and did not receive any type of aging or surface treatment. The specimens were loaded to failure in shear mode with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among DPSA, DPA, APSA, APA, and the control group. The aged PSA and PA achieved low bonding values and were statistically different from the control group, whereas the non-aged PSA and PA presented no statistically significant difference from the control group. Repairs with the proposed surface treatments were viable on both recent and aged restorations; however, phosphoric acid + adhesive alone were effective only on recent restorations.

Avaliação do comportamento mecânico de modelos odontológicos obtidos em resina de poliuretano / Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of odontological models in polyurethane resin

Este estudo avaliou o comportamento mecânico de uma resina de poliuretano Quartz-die (Zermack - Itália) empregada na modelagem odontológica comparando-a com o gesso tipo IV Durone (Dentsply - Brasil). Uma matriz metálica moldada com silicona de condensação Speedex (Coltène - Suiça) proporcionou corpos de prova com 12mm de altura por 6mm de diâmetro. Oito corpos de prova em resina de poliuretano e oito em gesso tipo IV (Durone) foram submetidos a ensaio de compressão na máquina de ensaios universal EMIC DL 2000, com célula de carga de 2000Kgf e velocidade de 0,05mm/min. Oito corpos de prova em resina de poliuretano e oito em gesso tipo IV obtidos a partir de uma matriz metálica hexagonal foram ensaiados noDurômetro Sussen Wolpert tipo Testor HTl, empregando penetrador esférico de 12,7mm, estabelecendo valores para dureza Rockwell. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos ao teste não-paramétrico de Kruskall-Walliscom p<0,05. Dentro dos parâmetros adotados neste estudo pôde-se concluir que a resina de poliuretano Quartz-die apresentou menor resistência à compressão e menor dureza superficial que o gesso tipo IV Durone.

Uso del termocondicionador para manipulación de resina acrílica / The use of the termoconditioning for manipulation of acrylic resin

El termocondicionador es un aparato de construcción simple y costo reducido, que tiene por objetivo el de facilitar al Cirujano Dentista la manipulación de resina acrílica para realizar trabajos clínicos en los que su uso es necesario. Con este artículo se pretende mostrar la técnica de confección de un termocondicionador así como sus aplicaciones clínicas

The termoconditioning is a piece of equipment of simple construction and reduced cost, which provides comfort to the dentist when he performs clinical functions when the use of acrylic resin is necessary. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the making technique of one termoconditioning and its clinical applications

Influencia del envejecimiento artificial acelerado sobre la resistencia a compresión de resinas compuestas / The influence of accelerated aging in compressive resistance composite resins

El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar la influencia del Envejecimiento Artificial Acelerado sobre la resistencia a compresión de tres resinas compuestas. Los especimenes fueron confeccionados con auxilio de una matriz de nylon utilizando la técnica incremental, en cuanto a la manipulación se siguieron las instrucciones del fabricante , en total fueron confeccionados 48 especimenes utilizando las resina compuestas Filtek Supreme (3M-ESPE), Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer) e Filtek Z-250 (3M-ESPE). Transcurridas 24 horas, 24 especimenes, 8 de cada material, fueron sometidos a ensayos mecánicos de compresión en la Máquina Universal de Ensayos (EMIC DL-2000) con una célula de carga de 2000Kgf y velocidad de 0,05mm/min. Los otros 24 cuerpos de prueba fueron sometidos a envejecimiento artificial acelerado en la máquina de C-UV Sistema Acelerado de Envejecimiento para no metálicos - ASTM-G-53 por 192 horas, lo que equivale a aproximadamente 5 años de envejecimiento en condiciones clínicas normales, posteriormente sometidas a ensayos mecánicos de compresión. Se realizo el análisis estadístico comparativo entre los resultados obtenidos utilizando el test de ANOVA/Tukey (P<0,05) y fue verificado que no hubo diferencia estadística en la resistencia a compresión entre las resinas Z-250 y Filtek Supreme envejecidas y no envejecidas. Entretanto se presento diferencia estadística entre las muestras confeccionadas con la resina Charisma envejecida y no envejecida

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of the Sped up Artificial Aging in the compressive strength of 3 composed resins. It was used a matrix of nylon for confection of 48 bodies of test with 8,0mm of height and 4,0mm of width, having been 16 with the Filtek resin Supreme(3M), 16 with Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer) and 16 with Filtek Z-250(3M). For the confection of the test bodies the incremental technique was used respecting the time of curing indicated for the manufacturers. Passed 24 hours, half of the bodies of test of each material was submitted to the compressive assay in the Universal Machine of Assays (EMIC DL-2000) with load cell of 2000Kgf and speed of 0,05mm/min. To another half it was submitted to the artificial aging sped up in the C-UV machine Sped up System of Aging for not metallic - ASTM-G-53 for 192 hours that is equivalent approximately the 5 years of aging and later submitted to the compressive assay. Analysis was become fullfilled comparative statistics between the gotten results using ANOVA/Tukey (P<0.05). It was verified that it did not have difference statistics in the compressive strength between the resins aged and not aged Z-250 and Filtek Supreme. However difference occurred statistics between aged and not aged the Charisma resin

Análise da fragilidade do Core- quando reconstruído com diferentes resinas e pinos pré-fabricados não metálicos / Analysis of the Core frailty whenever reconstructed with different composites resins and prefabricated no-metallic

Para realização deste estudo vinte condutos artificiais foram construídos em blocos formados por esmaltee dentina, a partir de dentes bovinos. Dez pinos de fibra de vidro e dez de fibra de carbono foram cimentadosnos condutos com cimento resinoso C&B. Empregou-se matriz de policarbonato para confecção do coreem resina composta, perfazendo quatro grupos: Grupo (1) pino de fibra de vidro e core com resina compostaCharisma; Grupo (2) pino de fibra de carbono e core com resina composta Charisma; Grupo (3) pino defibra de vidro e core com resina composta reforçada Enforce-core; Grupo (4) pino de fibra de carbono ecore com resina composta reforçada Enforce-core. Os ensaios mecânicos de compressão foram realizadosna máquina universal de ensaios EMIC DL 2000, com célula de carga 2000kgf e velocidade 1mm/mim.Verificou-se diferença estatística (p<0,05) (ANOVA) somente do fator resina no que tange as medidas daresistência à fratura do core, além disso, não há uma influencia significativa do tipo de fibra e nem mesmoda interação entre os fatores (resina x fibra). A conclusão para um fator é a mesma independentemente donível do outro fator. Os resultados para os dentes com resina composta reforçada diferem significativamentedos dentes que utilizaram resina composta não reforçada, onde, os dentes com resina composta reforçadaapresentaram medidas de resistência significativamente superiores aos dentes que utilizaram resina compostanão reforçada, independentemente do tipo de fibra (Teste de DUNCAN). Portanto, a fibra não influencia noresultado de resistência.

Uso de una resina compuesta submicrohíbrida en dientes posteriores: relato de un caso clínico / The use of a microhybrid composite resin in posterior teeth: report of a clinical case

El presente trabajo relata la solución de un caso clínico en el cual fue utilizada una resina compuesta submicrohíbrida; con el objetivo de devolver no solo la función sino también la estética, por medio de la técnica restauradora directa. Después de realizados el examen clínico y radiográfico, se observo que las cúspides linguales y la restauración del diente 36 estaban fracturadas. Inicialmente fueron verificados los contactos oclusales así como el registro del color, que fue A3, de acuerdo con la escala Vita. El sistema adhesivo seleccionado fue Excite, asociado a la resina compuesta InTen-S, además de los pigmentos Tetric color. Se puede concluir que el uso de resina compuesta de bajo escurrimiento demostró buenos resultados clínicos.

The present study report a case which was used sub-microhibrid composite resin as aim to get better function and esthetic by a restorative protocol. At the clinical trial and x - ray, it was observed a deficient restoration allied with lingual cusp crack. The initial color was evaluated as A3, according by the Vita shade guide. The adhesion system used was Excite, restorative composite In Ten-S and Tetric color stain. It was conclude that this composite provide a healthier clinical aspects due to its proprieties.

Resistencia compresiva y traccional exhibida por un polímero alternativo utilizado en modelos odontológicos / Compressive and tensile resistance by an alternative polymer used in dental models

Este estudio pretendió evaluar el comportamiento de resistencia a la tensión de modelos odontológicos obtenidos a partir de una resina epóxica de uso industrial modificada con circonita. A la resina Epoxiglass 1504 y el endurecedor Epoxiglass 1603 les fue adicionada circonita en una proporción de 1 para 1 en peso; modificada de esta manera fue manipulada siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante, el cual establece una proporción de 35 por ciento en peso entre la resina y el endurecedor. Fueron realizadas 15 impresiones de un modelo matriz, utilizando silicona de adición, siendo vaciados con Epoxiglass 1504, Epoxiglass 1504 modificada y Yeso Piedra tipo IV, obteniéndose 60 cuerpos de prueba en total. Las características de los mismos fueron: 12 mm. de altura y 6.0 mm. de diámetro. Los cuerpos de prueba fueron divididos en dos grupos de 30 cada uno, de estos uno de ellos fue sometido al ensayo mecánico de compresión y el otro al de tracción por compresión diametral, utilizando una máquina universal de ensayos DL2000 EMIC, con una célula de carga de 2000kgf y velocidad de 0,5mm/min. Los resultados fueron analizados con el análisis estadístico ANOVA y comprobación con el test de Tuckey con grado de exactitud de 5 por ciento verificando que: los modelos de resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 mostraron resistencia a compresión y resistencia a tracción por compresión diametral superior a los modelos de yeso tipo IV; la circonita aumenta la resistencia a tracción por compresión diametral de la resina Epoxiglass 1504. Frente a estos resultados, se puede concluir que la resina epoxica Epoxiglass 1504 se presenta como un material viable para la obtención de modelos odontológicos, así como también, que la circonita mejoró comportamiento mecánico del material en relación a las propiedades mecánicas estudiadas.

This study evaluated the tensil behavior of dental models obtained using an industrial epoxic resin modified with zirconita. The Epoxiglass resin 1504 and the hardener Epoxiglass 1603 were added with zirconita in a ratio of 1/1 in weight. The modified resin was manipulated in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications, which establishes a relation of 35% in weight between the resin and the hardener. Fifteen moldings of a matrix were conducted using addition silicone. Then, they were filled with epoxic resin Epoxiglass 1504, resin Epoxiglass 1504 modified or type IV Durone plaster, which provided 60 test specimens with 12mm of height and 6mm of diameter. Thirty specimens were submitted to the compression assay and thirty to the traction assay by diametrical compression, using the universal machine DL2000 (EMIC), with a load cell of 2000 Kgf and 0,5mm/mim speed. The results were analyzed by Variance analysis followed by Tukey test with significance level set at 5%. It was verified that models made of Epoxiglass 1504 presented superior tensile strenght for diametrical compression and also superior compressive strength than models made of plaster type IV. The zirconita increased the tensile strenght for diametrical compression of the epoxic resin Epoxiglass 1504. In accordance to the present results, it was verified that the epoxic resin Epoxiglass 1504 is a viable material for dental modeling and that the zirconita provides mechanical benefit for the epoxic resin.

Esse estudo avaliou o comportamento tensil de modelos odontológicos obtidos a partir de uma resina epóxica de uso industrial modificada com zirconita. A resina Epoxiglass 1504 e o endurecedor Epoxiglass 1603 foram carregados com zirconita numa proporção de 1/1 em peso. A resina modificada foi manipulada de acordo com as especificações do fabricante, que estabelece uma relação de 35% em peso entre a resina e o endurecedor. Foram realizadas quinze moldagens de uma matriz, os moldes foram obtidos com silicone de adição e preenchidos com resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504, resina Epoxiglass 1504 modificada e gesso tipo IV Durone, o que proporcionou 60 corpos de prova com 12mm de altura e 6mm de diâmetro. Trinta corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de compressão e trinta ao ensaio de tração por compressão diametral, empregando-se a máquina universal de ensaios DL2000 da EMIC, com célula de carga de 2000Kgf e velocidade de 0,5mm/mim. Os resultados foram analisados com Teste de Variância e Tukey com significância de 5%, e verificou-se que: Modelos obtidos em resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 apresentam superior resistência à tração por compressão diametral que modelos obtidos em gesso tipo IV; Modelos obtidos em resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 apresentam superior resistência à compressão que modelos obtidos em gesso tipo IV; A zirconita aumenta a resistência à tração por compressão diametral da resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504. Diante dos resultados encontrados, verificou-se que a resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 apresenta-se como material viável para a modelagem odontológica e que a zirconita proporciona ganho mecânico para a resina epóxica.

Influencia de las unidades de curado LED y luz halógena sobre la resistencia compresiva de las resinas compuestas / The influence of LED and halogen curing units on the compressive resistance of composite resins

El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de comparar la resistencia a compresión de tres diferentes marcas de resinas compuestas. Filtek Supreme (3M-ESPE), Charisma (Heraus-Kulzer), y Teric Ceram (Ivoclar-Vivadent), utilizando dos fuentes de fotopolimerización (Optilght,Gnathus y Ultraled (Dabi Atlante). En total fueron confeccionados 48 especímenes divididos en 6 grupos conteniendo 8 muestras cada uno. Para los grupos G1 (Filtek Supreme); G3 (Tetric Ceram) e G5 (Charisma) fue utilizada una lámpara de luz halógena; para los grupos G2 (Filtek Supreme); G4 (Tetric Ceram) e G6 (Charisma) fue utilizada una unidad de fotopolimerización por LEDs. El tiempo de polimerización fue el mismo recomendado por los propios fabricantes. Todas las muestras fueron almacenadas en recipientes plásticos negros herméticamente tapados durante 24 horas. Los ensayos mecánicos de compresión fueron realizados usando una Maquina Universal de Ensayos EMIC DL 2000, con célula de carga de 2000kgf con velocidad de acción de 0,5mm/minuto hasta producir la fractura. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados usando los tests estadísticos ANOVA/Tukey (p<0,005). Las medias encontradas en MPa fueron: G1 248.37; G 2193.75; G3 222.00; G4 195.87; G5 280.37; G6 205.25. Se observó que las resinas compuestas Filtek Supreme y Charisma polimerizadas por luz halógena presentaron los valores de resistencia a compresión estadísticamente superiores a los mostrados por los grupos polimerizados con LEDs. El grupo de Tetric Ceram no mostró diferencia estadísticamente significante. El grupo 5 mostró valores superiores en relación a los otros grupos, siendo estadísticamente diferente de los grupos 2,3,4,6. El grupo 2 mostró los menores valores, siendo estadísticamente diferente de los grupos 1 y 5. Por los resultados obtenidos puede concluirse de que las resinas fotopolimerizadas por luz halógena presentaron los mejores resultados de resistencia a compresión con excepción de la resina compuesta Tetric Ceram.

This study main purpose was to evaluate the mechanical response of three different resin composite brands; Filtek Supreme, Charisma and Tetric Ceram cured by halogen or light emitting diode - LED (Optilght,Gnathus e Ultraled, Dabi Atlante). A nylon mold 4-mm in diameter and 8-mm in depth was used to obtain forty eight specimens dived in 6 groups of 8 varying the light-curing unit; G1 Filtek Supreme, G3 Tetric, G5 Charisma cured by halogen light-curing unit, and G2 Filtek Supreme, G4 Tetric, G6 Charisma cured by LED. The resin composites were inserted according to the incremental method. The resin composites were light cured according to the manufactures' instructions. The specimens were kept in plastic containers airtightly closed for 24 hours. In order to perform the evaluation, an EMIC DL 2000 was used at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute and a charge cell of 2000 Kg strength. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test at a p<0.05 significance level. The mean were G1 248.37, G2 193.75, G3 222.00, G4 195.87, G5 280.37, G6 205.25. In conclusion, the resin composites light-cured by halogen scored higher in the compressive strength test. In the Tetric Ceram group there were no statistically relevant results.

Study of dentinal adhesives compatibility using histological analysis

The objective of this study was to verify the biocompatibility of three different dental adhesives (Single Bond, Clearfil SE Bond and Prime & Bond NT). Thirty-six male rats (Rattus norvegicus, Holtzman) received two subcutaneous implants in the region of their backs. Artificial sponges containing the adhesive material were placed in the cavities and they were polymerized before the surgical site was sutured. As a control, one group was implanted with sponges containing water. Each rat received two implants containing the same adhesive; consequently each group consisted of 9 rats with two implants, resulting in 18 samples per group. After 7, 15 and 30 days, 3 animals of each group were killed and the tissues containing the sponges were analyzed by microscopy. The results showed a great similarity between the control group and the Single Bond implanted tissues, followed by the Clearfil SE Bond and Prime & Bond NT. The Prime & Bond NT adhesive system appeared to show less biocompatibility when compared with the other two tested materials.

Impact fracture strength applied to dental modeling materials

The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact fracture strength using plaster and resin modeling materials. The analysis was made using nine dies having plaster III bases and internal portion of laboratory-type addition silicone. Nine test specimens were produced of each following material: typeIV Durone plaster, type IV Fuji Rock plaster, type IV Rock Plus plaster, type V Durone plaster, Epoxiglass 1504 epoxy resin, epoxy resin modified with diatomite and epoxy resin modified with diatomite. The tests were performed in a Ceast testing machine. At the moment of fracture, the machine recorded avalue (Energy), using a formula to obtain the impact strength value in joules per meter. Statistical and variance analyses and Student's t test revealed that pure or silanized diatomite increased the impact fracture strength of models made of Epoxiglass 1504 epoxy resin and that silanizing the filler led toa further gain in impact fracture strength. The models made of Epoxiglass 1504 displayed greater impact fracture strength than those made of plaster types IV and V. No statistically significant differences were found among the analyzed plasters. Models prepared with epoxy resin displayed in general greater impact fracture strength than models made of plasters.

Entrenamiento de postura en pacientes portadores de disfunciones temporo-mandibulares / Posture training in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction

El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de realizar una revisión de literatura con el fin de identificar las alteraciones de posturales consecuentes de la Disfunción Temporomandibular y el tratamiento fisioterapéutico con entrenamiento postural. La metodología empleada fue una revisión bibliográfica por intermedio del sistema Medline y Lilacs, entre los años de 1993 y 2003, además de otros artículos y textos considerados importantes para este trabajo. Después de la lectura crítica fueron identificados dos temas: Las Disfunciones Temporomandibulares y su relación con la postura; las Disfunciones Temporomandibulares y el tratamiento fisioterapéutico por ejercicios y entrenamiento de postura. Conclusión: las alteraciones posturales pueden estar relacionadas a la Disfunción Temporomandibular y el uso de tratamiento fisioterapéutico con entrenamiento postural puede obtener resultados positivos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura a fim de se obter um levantamento sobre quais alterações posturais sao decorrentes da Disfunção Temporomadibular e sua correlação com o tratamento fisioterapêutico e treino de postura. A metodologia empregada foi um levantamento bibliográfico realizado pelo sistema Medline e Lilacs, entre 1993 e 2003, além de outros artigos e textos considerados importantes para este trabalho. Após leitura crítica foram identificados dois temas: As Disfunções Temporomandibulares e sua relação com a postura; as Disfunções Temporomandibulares e o tratamento fisioterapêutico por exercícios e treino de postura. Conclusão: as alterações posturais podem estar relacionadas à Disfunção Temporomandibular, e o tratamento fisioterapêutico com treino de postura pode-se obter resultados positivos.

The aim of this work is to present survey on posture alterations due to Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction and the related Physiotherapy treatment using posture training. The employed methodology was based on a large survey from 1993 to 2003 over well known datbases like Medline and Lilacs. Two main issues are present in almost all articles: how Dysfunction Temporomandibular Joint and posture are related and the Dysfunction Temporomandibular Joint treatment using training and exercises. The was observed that physiotherapy treatment using training and exercises was help patients to decrease the symptoms and, as a consequence, their posture.

Avaliação da resistência à compressão de resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis / Evaluation of resistance to compression of composite resins

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento mecânico à compressão de sete diferentes resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis: G1- Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent); G2- Durafill VS (Heraeus Kulser); G3-Esthet X (Dentsply); G4- Charisma (Heraeus Kulser); G5- Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE); G6- Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE); G7- Filtek P60 (3M ESPE). Foram confeccionados oito corpos-de-prova de cada resina, utilizando matriz de nylon (4mm de diâmetro e 8mm de altura). As resinas foram inseridas em incrementos e fotopolimerizadas pelo tempo recomendado pelos fabricantes (Optilight 600 - Gnatus) com intensidade monitorada...

Análise da capacidade de reprodução de detalhes expressa por diferentes materiais de modelagem / Analysis of the capacity to reproduce details expressed by different modeling materials

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a capacidade de reprodução de detalhes presentes no molde por materiais de modelagem à base de gipsita Gesso pedra tipo IV, Durone, (Dentsply); Gesso pedra tipo IV, Fuji Rock EP,(GC); Gesso pedra tipo IV, Resinado Rock Plus, (Polidental); Gesso pedra tipo V, Durone, (Dentsply) epolímeros: resinas epóxicas Epoxiglass 1504, (Epoxiglass), resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 modificada com diatomita pura e silanizada. A resina e seu endurecedor foram carregados com diatomita numa relação de30%. A diatomita foi tratada com Silano Silquest A 187, (Crompton S/A). A resina modificada foi manipuladaem uma relação de 35%. Empregando-se silicona de adição Presidente (Kit de silicona leve e pesada, Coltène) realizaram-se três moldagens de uma matriz metálica com quatro hastes contendo sulcos dimensionados. Os corpos de prova foram analisados em microscópio óptico com aumento de 40 vezes (Measurescope Nikon, procedência Nippon Kogaru K. K.). Os resultados expressos por gessos e resinas foram analisados com o teste Variância e Tukey (p<0,05). Verificou-se que não há diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os gessos e resinas analisadas. Concluiu-se que o carregamento da resina epóxica com diatomita ou com diatomita silanizada não reduz a sua capacidade em reproduzir detalhes presentes no molde. Com a metodologia empregada, não houve diferença entre gessos tipo IV e V e resina epóxica pura ou modificada com diatomita na capacidadede reprodução de detalhes presentes no molde.

Biocompatibility of the Prime & Bond 2.1, Prime & Bond NT and Scothbond MP Primer adhesive systems

The objective of this study was to verify the biocompatibility of dental adhesives (Prime & Bond 2.1; Prime & Bond NT and Scotchbond MP). Thirty-six male rats (Rattus norvegicus) received artificial sponges containing the adhesive materials in their back, and they were polymerized before suture. As a control, one group had sponges containing water. Each group consisted of 9 rats with two implants, resulting in 18 samples per group. Three animals of each group were killed after 7, 15 and 30 days and the tissue was analyzed. At sevenday period, inflammation was acute and severe in all other groups, except water. After 15 days, Prime & Bond 2.1 and Prime & Bond NT groups showed a more severe inflammatory infiltrate with foci of neutrophils inside the cavity border when compared with the Scotchbond Primer. After 30 days, in the control group the cavity was shown to be filled by well organized granulomas next to the sponge samples. Prime & Bond 2.1 and Prime & Bond NT groups maintained intense inflammatory process when compared with the Scotchbond Primer MP group. The present results showed that Scotchbond MP Primer Group demonstrated better biocompatibility than the other two groups.