Comparison of the silicone oil removal rate between vitrectomy and manual syringe negative pressure approach.

The purpose of this study was to compare the silicone oil removal rate between vitrectomy and manual syringe negative pressure approach. Thirty-five silicone oil-filled eyes were enrolled and allocated for manual (n = 19) and vitrectomy (n = 16) removal approaches. For manual approach, a 10-ml syringe was connected to the 23-gauge cannula through a short section of blood transfusion tube. Removal was started after pulling and fixing the plunger to the end part. The syringe was pulled away immediately once the residual of silicone oil cannot be observed through the cornea. For vitrectomy approach, the only difference was the source of negative pressure, i.e., the blood transfusion tube was connected to the cannula directly to remove the silicone oil. Silicone oil removal rate was defined as the volume of silicone oil divided by the time taken for removal. The mean time taken for silicone oil removal was faster for manual approach than vitrectomy approach (4.13 ± 1.41 vs. 6.14 ± 1.49, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the silicone oil removal rate was larger for manual approach (1.42 ± 0.30 vs. 0.90 ± 0.16 ml/min, p < 0.001). No severe intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted for both approaches. The mean IOP at day 1 after surgery was significantly lower than that at baseline in both groups (manual group 10.2 ± 4.5 vs. 17.6 ± 5.9, p < 0.001, vitrectomy group 15.1 ± 7.5 vs. 8.3 ± 1.9, p < 0.002). All the eyes were recovered at 1 week after surgery. The best-corrected visual acuity (LogMar) at 1 month postoperatively improved compared to that preoperative for both approaches (manual group: 1.10 ± 0.62 vs. 1.47 ± 0.76, p = 0.07; vitrectomy group: 1.10 ± 0.47 vs. 1.11 ± 0.50, p = 0.62). Both approaches are safe for silicone oil removal. The manual approach is more convenient and efficient.

Similarly in depression, nuances of gut microbiota: Evidences from a shotgun metagenomics sequencing study on major depressive disorder versus bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode patients.

BACKGROUND: To probe the differences of gut microbiota among major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode (BPD) and health participants. METHODS: Thirty one MDD patients, thirty BPD patients, and thirty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All the faecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Except for routine analyses of alpha diversity, we specially designed a new indicator, the Gm coefficient, to evaluate the inequality of relative abundances of microbiota for each participant. RESULTS: The Gm coefficients are significant decreased in both MDD and BPD groups. The relative abundances of increased phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes were significantly in the MDD and BPD groups. At genus level, four of top five enriched genera (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Oscillibacter and Streptococcus) were found increased significantly in the MDD and BPD groups compared with HCs. The genera Escherichia and Klebsiella showed significant changes in abundances only between the BPD and HC groups. At the species level, compared with BPD patients, MDD patients had a higher abundance of Prevotellaceae including Prevotella denticola F0289, Prevotella intermedia 17, Prevotella ruminicola, and Prevotella intermedia. Furthermore, the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae, Escherichia blattae DSM 4481 and Klebsiella oxytoca were significantly increased, whereas the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 = JCM 1222 was significantly reduced in BPD group compared with MDD group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of both MDD and BPD patients, and the nuances of bacteria may have the potentiality of being the biomarkers of MDD and BPD.