Dental occlusion and body balance: A question of environmental constraints?

BACKGROUND: In the past few years, growing interest was given to the relationship between the dental occlusion and the body balance. While most research focused on this relationship at static conditions, it is evident that the contribution of the sensory information for balance control is different depending on the environmental constraints. RESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of the present paper was to elucidate whether the stomatognathic system (SS) contributes differently on body balance regulation according to the presence of external disturbances. METHODS: Literature regarding the different sources involved in the proprioceptive information to the SS was reviewed. The influence of dental occlusion on balance control at different external environments was then explored. RESULTS: The main findings are: (a) a plausible evidence between the masticatory and cervical muscles can be described; (b) a reciprocal connection between the trigeminal and vestibular nuclei supports the influence of the SS on body balance; (c) traditionally, research involving the relationship between the SS and balance control has focused on strictly controlled situations, thus, ignoring the sensory reweighting which occurs depending on the external disturbances; and (d) the afferences of dental occlusion for balance control seem strengthened when more difficult conditions are present. CONCLUSION: Results of the present review suggest that afferent signals from dental occlusion effectively contribute to balance control when more external perturbations are present, that is unstable support surface, fatigue and tasks being performed. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which dental occlusion may influence balance control focusing on different external environments.

A radiographic method for distinguishing noncavitated from cavitated proximal carious lesions: A proof of concept clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: We propose a new topical radiographic contrast method for distinguishing noncavitated from cavitated radiolucencies. Laboratory tests and a pilot clinical trial were designed to test the feasibility and efficacy of the method. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-two adults with 27 proximal radiolucencies had conventional bitewing (BW) examinations. After exclusion, 21 surfaces were evaluated. A concentrated solution of sodium iodide was placed in the interdental spaces via a microsyringe and BWs were again exposed. A class II cavity preparation was made in the adjacent tooth and polysiloxane impressions were made of the study surfaces. The impressions were scanned by visible light, creating a high resolution 3D replica. Cavitations, if present, were measured. RESULTS: Nine surfaces were noncavitated and 12 surfaces were cavitated. The microsyringe dispensed a variable volume of liquid, which affected the accuracy of the test. The sensitivity for cavitation was 50%, specificity was 88.9%, and accuracy was 66.7%. This compares to a reported 60% sensitivity, 62% specificity, and 62% accuracy for BW examinations. Intraexaminer reliability for classifying noncavitated or cavitated lesions using the kappa test was 0.649. CONCLUSIONS: This method needs improvement but was an advance over conventional BWs and could result in reduction of restorations in low- and high-risk patients.

The Influence of Dental Occlusion on Dynamic Balance and Muscular Tone.

Excellent postural control is essential to improve the physical performance of athletes. Stability of the body during motor tasks depends on different physiological systems. The influence of dental occlusion on body balance has been widely investigated in the past few years. It has been suggested that this relationship is strengthened by disturbing environments for balance control (i.e., unstable platform, fatigue, development tasks.). Moreover, dental occlusion may influence the muscle tone of both masticatory and postural muscles, which are involved in the preservation of balance. Therefore, we attempted to determine whether (i) there are differences in dynamic balance assessed by the modified star excursion balance test between opposed dental occlusion conditions (dental contact: intercuspal position/no dental contact: cotton rolls mandibular position) and (ii) dental occlusion influences the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the masticatory and postural muscles assessed with MyotonPRO®. Thirty physically active subjects were recruited for the study. The main findings were the following: (i) the Star Excursion Balance Test composite score was significantly higher for measurements made in cotton rolls mandibular position (p < 0.001) and also in subjects showing a correct occlusion (p = 0.04), and (ii) the biomechanic and viscolelastic properties of selected muscles showed different trend according to the presence of malocclusal traits. It is concluded that dental occlusion conditioned both dynamic stability and the biomechanic and viscoelastic properties of the analyzed muscles.

Graphical statistical approach to soil organic matter resilience using analytical pyrolysis data.

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) of humic acids (HAs) from 30 agricultural soils from a volcanic island (Tenerife, Spain) was used to discern the molecular characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) associated to resilience. For faster perceptual identification of the results, the yields of the pyrolysis products in the form of surface density plots were compared in an update of the Van Krevelen graphical statistical method. This approach, with respect to data reduction and visualization, was also used to collectively represent statistical indices that were obtained after simple and partial least squares (PLS) regression. The resulting plots illustrate different SOM structural domains (for example, carbohydrate- and lignin-derived and condensed lipid). The content of SOM and total mineralization coefficient (TMC) values can be well estimated from the relative abundance of 57 major pyrolysis compounds: SOM content and composition parallels the accumulation of lignin- and carbohydrate-derived structures (lignocellulosic material) and the depletion of condensed polyalkyl structures. In other words, in the volcanic ash soils that were studied, we found that the higher the amount of SOM, the lower its quality in terms of resilience. Although no cause-and-effect is inferred from this fact, it is evident that the resistance to biodegradation of the SOM is related to its molecular composition.

Influencia del gradiente social sobre la salud bucal de mujeres trabajadoras formales / Influence of social gradient on the oral health of formally employed women / Influência do gradiente social na saúde bucal de mulheres trabalhadoras formais

Introducción: Las patologías bucales se asocian con las condiciones sociales, materiales y el nivel socioeconómico desfavorables. La salud bucal de las mujeres se ve afectada por aspectos sociales, que marcan inequidades en salud, si se compara con los hombres. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del gradiente social sobre la salud bucal de mujeres trabajadoras de una universidad de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal que involucró a 84 mujeres trabajadoras. Se utilizaron variables sociodemográficas, de condición de salud bucal (presencia de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y edentulismo) y posición social. Se estableció una relación entre estas. Para ello, se aplicaron las pruebas Chi cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher, t de Student o test de rangos de Wilcoxon, con una significancia α≤0,05. Resultados: Se evidenció una prevalencia de caries dental de un 85,7%, enfermedad periodontal de un 79,8%, y prevalencia de edentulismo de un 40,5%; los factores sociales que se presentaron con mayor frecuencia mostrando alguna relación con las condiciones bucales fueron edad, etnia, estado civil, nivel educativo, la labor que realiza diariamente, estrato socioeconómico, la responsabilidad económica dentro del hogar. Conclusión: El gradiente social no registró diferencias estadísticamente significativas al analizarlo con las patologías orales; sin embargo, se estableció que las mujeres que se ubicaron en la posición social alta tenían menos carga de enfermedades bucales; mientras que las mujeres que se encontraban en la posición social baja tenían mayor prevalencia de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y edentulismo.

Introduction: Oral diseases are associated with unfavorable social, material, and socioeconomic conditions. Women's oral health is affected by social aspects, which increase health inequalities when compared to men. Objetive: To evaluate the social gradient's influence on the oral health of working women at a university in Santander, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional observational cross-sectional study involving 84 working women. Sociodemographic variables, oral health condition variables (presence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and edentulism), and social status variables were used to establish relationships. Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test, Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank test were used, with a significance α≤0.05. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was 85.7%, periodontal disease 79.8%, and edentulism 40.5%. Age, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, work carried out daily, socioeconomic status, and responsibility for household finances were the social factors most frequently related to oral conditions. Conclusions: The social gradient did not register statistically significant differences when analyzed with oral diseases. However, it was established that women with a high social status had a lower burden of oral diseases, while women with a low social status had a higher prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and edentulism.

Introdução: As patologias bucais estão associadas a condições sociais, materiais e socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. A saúde bucal das mulheres é afetada por aspectos sociais, que marcam as iniquidades em saúde, quando comparadas aos homens. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do gradiente social na saúde bucal de mulheres trabalhadoras de uma universidade em Santander, Colômbia. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico transversal envolvendo 84 mulheres trabalhadoras. Foram utilizadas variáveis sociodemográficas, condição de saúde bucal (presença de cárie dentária, doença periodontal e edentulismo) e posição social. Estabeleceu-se uma relação entre eles. Para isso, foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, Teste T de Student ou teste de faixas de Wilcoxon, com significância de α≤0,05. Resultados: Evidenciou-se prevalência de cárie dentária de 85,7%, doença periodontal de 79,8% e prevalência de edentulismo de 40,5%; os fatores sociais que apareceram com maior frequência, mostrando alguma relação com as condições bucais, foram idade, etnia, estado civil, escolaridade, trabalho diário, nível socioeconômico, responsabilidade econômica dentro do lar. Conclusões: O gradiente social não registrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao analisá-lo com patologias bucais; no entanto, verificou-se que as mulheres que se encontravam em posição social elevada apresentavam menor carga de doenças bucais; enquanto as mulheres que estavam em posição social baixa apresentaram maior prevalência de cárie dentária, doença periodontal e edentulismo.

The influence of dental occlusion on the body balance in unstable platform increases after high intensity exercise.

Existing evidence suggests that body balance ability is associated with dental occlusion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether: (i) there are differences in balance between opposed dental occlusion (intercuspal position, ICP; cotton rolls, CR) for two extreme levels of stability and (ii) the influence of dental occlusion on the balance control gets stronger under fatigue conditions. To this aim, various measures for assessing postural control in ten physically active subjects were obtained prior to and following a maximal lower limbs exercise consisting in six sets of fifteen seconds stretch-shortening cycle jumping. Balance control at stable and unstable condition was evaluated on an unstable platform Balance System SD for both dental occlusion conditions at random order. Metabolic and psychological measurements ensured the high intensity of the exercise. At unstable level, balance control was significantly improved in the CR condition, for both rest (p=0.03) and fatigue (p<0.001). Whereas at stable level, the influence of dental occlusion only reached significance in fatigue condition (p=0.04). It could be concluded that the sensory information linked to the dental occlusion for the balance control comes strongly into effect when more difficult conditions for the balance control are present (i.e., unstable conditions, fatigue).

Low-density lipoprotein upregulates low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells: possible involvement of sterol regulatory element binding protein-2-dependent mechanism.

BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP) is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of both normal and atherosclerotic lesions. However, little is known about LRP regulation in the vascular wall. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the regulation of LRP expression in vitro in human VSMCs cultured with native LDL (nLDL) or aggregated LDL (agLDL) by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot and in vivo during diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by in situ hybridization. LRP expression in human VSMCs is increased by nLDL and agLDL in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Maximal induction of LRP mRNA expression was observed after 24 hours of exposure to LDL. However, agLDL induced higher LRP mRNA expression (3.0-fold) than nLDL (1.76-fold). LRP mRNA upregulation was associated with an increase on LRP protein expression with the greatest induction by agLDL. VSMC-LRP upregulation induced by nLDL or agLDL was reduced by an inhibitor of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) catabolism (N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal). In situ hybridization analysis indicates that there is a higher VSMC-LRP expression in hypercholesterolemic than in normocholesterolemic pig aortas. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that LRP expression in VSMCs is upregulated by intravascular and systemic LDL.

Percepciones y factores asociados a la salud bucal y la atención odontológica en el periodo perinatal en las mujeres y sus bebés / Perceptions and associated factors with the oral health and dental care in perinatal period in women and their babies

Objetivo. Comprender los factores asociados a la salud bucal y la atención odontológica en el periodo perinatal en las mujeres y sus bebés. Métodos. Soportados en la teoría crítica y la salud colectiva, se realizó un estudio con abordaje cualitativo y cuantitativo. El cualitativo, sustentado en el interaccionismo simbólico, se hicieron entrevistas en profundidad sobre18 mujeres en postparto. En el cuantitativo mediante un estudio observacional de corte-transversal sobre 40 mujeres. Las variables explicativas y de salida se relacionaron mediante test de Chi2 para variables cualitativas y prueba t de Student para las cuantitativas. Resultados. En el cualitativo las mujeres dan importancia estética a la salud bucal, sin relacionarla con su salud general y del bebé; la atención odontológica es difícil durante el postparto y no la consideran importante para sus bebés. En el cuantitativo, 15% de las mujeres no asistieron a la consulta odontológica durante el embarazo, asociándose con el número de días de nacido del bebé. El 82,5% de las mujeres no asistieron durante el postparto, asociándose con régimen de afiliación en salud. El 72,5% de las mamás no percibía la necesidad de atención en sus bebés, asociándose a carecer de dinero para el transporte. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican la necesidad de promover mejores construcciones sobre salud bucal y atención odontológica en las mujeres evaluadas. Variables sociodemográficas, posición social, salud bucal de las mujeres se asociaron con inasistencia a la consulta odontológica durante el embarazo, el periodo postparto y la percepción de la madre de la necesidad de tratamiento del bebé.

Objective. To understand the factors associated with oral health and dental care in the perinatal period in women and their babies. Methods. Supported in the critical theory and collective health, a qualitative and quantitative study was carried out. In the qualitative one, supported by symbolic interactionism, interviews were conducted on 18 postpartum women. The quantitative one was an observational cross-sectional study on 40 women. The explanatory and output variables for qualitative study were analyzed using Chi2 test and the quantitative using Student's T-test. Results. In the qualitative approach, women give aesthetic importance to oral health, without relating it to their general health and that of the baby; dental care is difficult in postpartum period and they do not consider it important for their babies. In quantitative terms, 15% of women did not attend the dental care during pregnancy, associated with the baby's born days number. 82.5% of the women did not attend it during the postpartum period, being associated it with the health affiliation regime. 72.5% of moms did not perceive the need of attention for their babies, being associated it with a money lack for transportation. Conclusions. The results indicate the need to promote better constructions on oral health and dental care for the evaluated mothers. Sociodemographic variables, social position, and women's oral health were associated with non-attendance of the dental attention during pregnancy, the postpartum period and the mother perception of the baby's need for treatment.

Dental Occlusion Influences the Standing Balance on an Unstable Platform.

Contradictory results are still reported on the influence of dental occlusion on the balance control. We attempted to determine whether there are differences in balance between opposed dental occlusion (Intercuspal position (ICP)/"Cotton rolls" mandibular position [CR]) for two extreme levels of stability (stable/ unstable). Twenty-five subjects were monitored under both dental occlusion and level of stability conditions using an unstable platform Balance System SD. The resulting stability index suggests that body balance is significantly better when dental occlusion is set in CR (p < .001) in unstable but not in stable conditions. Occlusal traits significantly influencing postural control were Angle Class (p < .001), crowding (p = .006), midline deviation (p < .001), crossbite (p < .001), anterior open bite (p = .05), and overjet (p = .01). It could be concluded that the sensory information linked to the dental occlusion for the balance control comes strongly into effect in unstable conditions.

Oral health and dental care in pregnant women: bibliometric study, systematic review, and content analysis / La salud bucal y la atención odontológica de las mujeres embarazadas: estudio bibliométrico, revisión sistemática y análisis de contenido

ABSTRACT. Introduction: the oral condition of pregnant women and the attention it needs affect the overall health of these women and their children. A variety of perspectives have been used to understand and approach research on this field. The objectives of this study were: conduct a bibliometric analysis, assess the quality of the available evidence, and conduct content analysis of articles related to the topics. Methodology: publications related to the topics were identified through a systematic search of the literature, identifying authors, years, and countries with the most publications; in addition, quality of the reports was assessed through the STROBE Guide on the studies that were retrieved in full text, conducting content analysis on thematic, methodological, and epistemological aspects. Results: the systematic review was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Institutions, authors, institutional affiliation, and co-authorship networks were identified with the bibliometric analysis. The systematic review showed predominance of cross-sectional observational studies; there were few controlled clinical trials and they generally emphasized treatments for periodontal disease in pregnant women. The evidence on this subject tends to be low. Content analysis showed that, in ontological terms, research focuses on three main areas: a) biological differences between men and women; b) impact of pregnant women's oral health on the oral and overall health of their babies, c) relationship between pregnancy, oral health, and its impact on the oral and overall health of women. Few studies explore social determinants. In epistemological terms, studies from positivist perspectives were predominant. In methodological terms, the emphasis is placed on research with quantitative approaches. Conclusion: it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between biological and social aspects of pregnant women's oral health and dental care from different epistemological perspectives, seeking a comprehensive view of these aspects and improving dental care in pregnant women.

RESUMEN. Introducción: la condición bucal y su atención en las embarazadas tienen repercusiones sobre la salud de las mujeres y sus hijos. La investigación relacionada con la temática se comprende y se aborda desde diferentes perspectivas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: realizar un análisis bibliométrico, una revisión sistemática y análisis de contenido de los artículos encontrados asociados a estas temáticas. Metodología: Mediante una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura se identificaron las publicaciones relacionadas con los tópicos, y se identificaron autores, años y países que más publican; se evaluó además la calidad del reporte mediante la Guía STROBE en las investigaciones que se recuperaron en texto completo, y a estas se les efectuó análisis de contenido sobre aspectos temáticos, metodológicos y epistemológicos. Resultados: la revisión sistemática se llevó a cabo en tres bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science). Con el análisis bibliométrico se identificaron instituciones, autores, filiación institucional y redes de coautoría. La revisión sistemática mostró el predominio de estudios observacionales de corte transversal, en los que la evidencia sobre la temática tiende a ser baja. En el análisis de contenido se observó que, en términos ontológicos, las investigaciones profundizaron en tres ejes centrales: a) diferencias biológicas entre hombres y mujeres; b) impacto de la salud bucal de la embarazada sobre la salud general y oral de su bebé, y c) relación entre embarazo, salud bucal y su repercusión sobre la salud general y oral de estas mujeres; pocos estudios exploran los determinantes sociales. En términos epistemológicos, predominaron las investigaciones desde las perspectivas positivistas. En términos metodológicos, hay énfasis en la investigación con abordajes cuantitativos. Conclusión: es necesario fortalecer la relación de lo biológico con lo social de la salud bucal y la atención odontológica de las mujeres embarazadas, a partir de diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas, con miras a alcanzar una visión integral y una mejor atención odontológica de las embarazadas.

La inequidad en el acceso a la atención odontológica de las mujeres gestantes en Santander

Introducción: Las condiciones de vida, salud, atención y cuidado de las gestantes están comprometidas, en especial en las mujeres más pobres y vulnerables, y el componente bucal ejerce un papel importante en esta inequidad. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones sociales y económicas que determinan la inequidad en el acceso a la atención odontológica de las mujeres gestantes en Santander. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal que incluyó 8695 gestantes en las que se analizó variables relacionadas con área geográfica, con el sistema de atención y en la mujer gestante variables demográficas, condición bucal y asistencia a consulta odontológica. Para el análisis univariado se calcularon medidas de resumen y para el bivariado se relacionó la asistencia a la consulta odontológica con las variables que determinan su asistencia a la consulta odontológica, para ello se aplicó test de chi². Conclusión: Los determinantes económicos y sociales relacionados con el bajo nivel de desarrollo del municipio, la residencia en zona rural, ser vinculada o usuaria del régimen subsidiado y ser mayor de 40 años influencian la atención odontológica de las mujeres gestantes en Santander.

Introduction: Living conditions, health care and care of the pregnant women are compromised, especially with the poorest and most vulnerable ones, oral component plays an important role in this inequality. Objective: To describe social and economic conditions that determines inequality in the access to dental care for pregnant women in Santander. Methodology: An observational analytical, cross sectional study was made with 8695 pregnant women. We analyzed the variables related to geographic area and the healthcare system, and for pregnant women, demographic variables, oral condition and dental assistance. For the univariate analysis, summary measures were calculated, and for the bivariate analysis, the assistance to the dental attention with the explanatory variables were related, to do that the chi² test was applied. Conclusion: The economic and social determinants related to the low level of development of the municipality, rural residence, be "vinculada" or user of the subsidized regime and be older than 40 years old got an influence with the dental care of pregnant women in Santander.

Caracterizacióndde los grupos de investigación n el área de odontología registtrados en Colciencias a diciembre de 2012 / Characteization of dentistry research goups registered in Colciencias to december 2012

INTRODUCCIÓN: caracterizar los grupos de investigación en el área odontológica registrados en Colciencias. MÉTODOS: se hizo un estudio observacional descriptivo que retomó de la plataforma institucional la información relacionada con los grupos, los investigadores y los productos de investigación. La información se sistematizó en Excel y se procesó en Stata 9.0. En el análisis estadístico univariado se calcularon medidas de resumen según la naturaleza de las variables. En el bivariado, se relacionó la variable de salida "categorización de los grupos" con las demás variables. Para ello se aplicaron la prueba de X², exacto de Fisher para las cualitativas, y para las cuantitativas la prueba de ANOVA o Kruskal-Wallis, considerando un nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS:se identificaron 52 grupos, 13,5% pertenecían a la categoría A y 34,6% a la D. El 63,4% de los grupos han trabajado en el área clínica y el artículo científico fue el tipo de producción más usado para la divulgación del conocimiento. CONCLUSIONES: los grupos de investigación en odontología han alcanzado un buen desarrollo en el ámbito colombiano, si se analiza con base en los indicadores bibliométricos definidos por Colciencias. Sin embargo, siguen una tendencia tradicional en cuanto a las temáticas abordadas, y se cuestiona su impacto sobre las necesidades en salud bucal de la población colombiana, en especial de aquellos que se encuentran en condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Además, la categorización de los grupos estaba fuertemente influida por las tendencias economicistas en la producción científica y del mercado odontológico que dominan la profesión.

INTRODUCTION: the goal is to characterize the dentistry research groups registered in Colciencias. METHODS: this was a descriptive observational study using the institutional platform to find information on groups, researchers, and the products of research projects. The information was systematized in Excel and processed in Stata 9.0. The univariate statistical analysis calculated summary measures according to the nature of variables. The bivariate statistical analysis related the "categorization of groups" output variable with the other variables, by means of the X² test and Fisher's exact test for the qualitative variables, and the ANOVA test or Kruskal-Wallis test for the quantitative ones, considering a level of significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: 52 groups were identified; 13.5% of them belonged to category A and 34.6% to category D. 63.4% of the groups have focused on clinical areas, and scientific articles were the most commonly used means for knowledge dissemination. CONCLUSION: dentistry research groups have reached a good level of development in Colombia, considering the bibliometric indicators defined by Colciencias. However, they tend to be traditional in terms of the topics they approach. Their impact on the needs of oral health of Colombian population is questioned, especially concerning those populations in situations of vulnerability. In addition, the categorization of groups was strongly influenced by the economic trends in scientific production and the dental market dominating the profession.

El proceso salud-enfermedad-atención bucal de la gestante: una visión de las mujeres con base en la determinación social de la salud / Health-disease process oral-care of the pregnant: an overview of women in the determination based social health

Resumen Antecedentes. La atención en salud durante el embarazo y el acceso a la atención odontológica de las gestantes en Bogotá registra profundas inequidades. Las patologías orales y las complicaciones que representan para el binomio madre-niño incentivan la necesidad de identificar el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención bucal de las gestantes sustentadas en los postulados de la determinación social de Breilh y los planteamientos de Menéndez. Objetivos. Caracterizar el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención bucal de la mujer gestante. Materiales y métodos. Se efectuó una investigación con abordaje cualitativo interpretativo con base en los fundamentos de Jodelet. El proceso involucró a mujeres que acudieron a su control prenatal y postparto a los hospitales Suba, Engativá y Simón Bolívar. El procedimiento involucró estructurar las entrevistas, concertar la entrada a las instituciones, recolectar y sistematizar la información, para efectuar su procesamiento y análisis. Resultados. Se caracterizaron 18 mujeres entrevistadas. Se establecieron categorías de análisis y se describió el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención bucal de la mujer gestante en los ámbitos económico, político y cultural, en los niveles singular, particular y general, en el marco del perfil epidemiológico de la determinación social. Conclusión. El proceso salud-enfermedad-atención bucal de las gestantes de los hospitales estudiados está influenciado por determinantes del nivel individual, singular y general en los ámbitos político, económico y cultural. Se evidencian procesos que promueven su atención, aunque más los que desincentivan la asistencia de la gestante a la consulta odontológica. Se plantea la necesidad de intervenir en los diferentes niveles para transformar el proceso a corto, mediano y largo plazo, promoviendo una buena salud bucal y una mejor calidad de vida en las mujeres durante su embarazo.

Summary Background. Health care during pregnancy and the access to dental care for pregnant women in Bogotá registers deep inequities. The oral pathologies and its complications to mothers and their children has stimulated the need for identifying the health-illness-oral care process of pregnant women based on the postulates of the social determination of Breilh and approaches of Menendez. Objective. Characterize the health-disease-care oral pregnant women. Materials and methods. An investigation with interpretative qualitative approach based on the Jodelet theoretical bases was performed. The process involved women who assist to their control antenatal and postpartum to Suba, Engativá and Simón Bolívar Hospitals. The procedure involved nterviews, arrange the entry to the institutions, collect and synthesize information, to carry out its processing and analysis. Results. The study involved the characterization of 18 women. The study involved the constitution of analysis categories and the description of the health-disease-oral care process of pregnant women in the economic, political and cultural levels in the singular, particular and general grade in the framework of the epidemiological profile of the social determination. Conclusion. The health-illness-oral care process of the pregnant women in the hospitals involved in the study was influenced by determinants in the individual, particular and general level in the political, economic and cultural issues. It can be concluded that some aspects of promoting process are present, but also there are several difficulties in oral care. It is necessary the intervention at different levels for transforming in the short, middle and long time in order to promote the oral health and quality of life in the pregnant women.

Uso del taping (cinta adhesiva) como un tipo de tratamiento ortopédico prequirúrgico en pacientes con fisura labiopalatina / Use of taping (adhesive tape) as a type of presurgical orthopedic treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate

En nuestro país, la fisura del labio y/o paladar constituye una malformación de frecuencia considerable. Los pacientes que presentan estas anomalías necesitan asistencia desde la infancia o nacimiento hasta los primeros años, ya que existen diversos tratamientos con los cuales se pueden abordar en cada una de estas etapas. Dentro de los tratamientos tempranos empleados previo a la cirugía podemos mencionar el Taping (cinta adhesiva), el cual es una alternativa dentro de los diversos tratamientos prequirúrgicos existentes para la corrección de la protusión de la premaxila, es considerado además un procedimiento simple que se utiliza en niños recién nacidos que presentan fisura del labio y/o paladar con premaxila protuída, colocando la cinta adhesiva sobre los labios para poder reducir el tamaño de la fisura y la proyección de la premaxila. Con el propósito de dar a conocer lo sencillo que es la técnica del Taping y la participación del odontólogo en el tratamiento temprano de estos pacientes, se presenta el siguiente estudio: "Uso del Taping (Cinta Adhesiva) como un Tipo de Tratamiento Ortopédico Pre-Quirúrgico en Pacientes con Fisura Labiopalatina", que comprende básicamente cuatro capítulos, y se estructura como sigue: Primero, se plantean los objetivos generales y específicos de la investigación, así como el tipo de estudio, y los antecedentes de las fisuras labiopalatinas; para posteriormente dividirla en capítulos. El capítulo I consta de dos partes: la primera relata aspectos generales sobre la formación de la cara. La segunda parte enmarca los aspectos generales sobre la formación de las fisuras labiopalatinas. El siguiente Capitulo comprende la definición de una fisura labiopalatina, la clasificación de las fisuras así como la utilizada en el Hospital de Niños Benjamín Blomm (HNBB) y Hospital San Rafael donde se llevo a cabo el estudio; las causas que provocan el aparecimiento de las fisuras, las complicaciones asociadas a estas y las características de la fisura labiopalatina con premaxila protuída. En cuanto al III Capítulo aborda en la información sobre el taping: antecedentes, definición, metodología empleada, los resultados obtenidos y los problemas encontrados en la recolección de los datos. Posteriormente se plantean las conclusiones a que se llegó por medio de la investigación, así como también las recomendaciones que se proponen como un aporte a la Facultad de Odontología.

In our country, cleft lip and / or palate constitutes a considerable frequency malformation. Patients with these abnormalities need assistance from infancy or birth to the early years, as there are various treatments that can be addressed at each of these stages. Among the early treatments used prior to surgery we can mention Taping (adhesive tape), which is an alternative within the various existing pre-surgical treatments for the correction of the protrusion of the premaxilla, it is also considered a simple procedure that is used in newborn children with cleft lip and / or palate with protruding premaxilla, placing the adhesive tape over the lips to reduce the size of the cleft and the projection of the premaxilla. In order to show how simple the Taping technique is and the participation of the dentist in the early treatment of these patients, the following study is presented: "Use of Taping (Adhesive Tape) as a Type of Pre-Orthopedic Treatment Surgical in Patients with Cleft Labiapalatina ", which basically comprises four chapters, and is structured as follows: First, the general and specific objectives of the investigation are set out, as well as the type of study, and the antecedents of cleft lip and palate; to later divide it into chapters. Chapter I consists of two parts: the first relates general aspects about the formation of the face. The second part frames the general aspects about the formation of lip and palate fissures. The following Chapter includes the definition of a cleft lip, the classification of the clefts as well as the one used in the Benjamin Blomm Children's Hospital (HNBB) and San Rafael Hospital where the study was carried out; the causes that cause the appearance of the fissures, the complications associated with them and the characteristics of the cleft lip and palate with protruding premaxilla. Regarding the III Chapter, it addresses the information on taping: antecedents, definition, methodology used, the results obtained and the problems encountered in data collection. Subsequently, the conclusions reached through the investigation are raised, as well as the recommendations that are proposed as a contribution to the Faculty of Dentistry.