[Changes in the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth in Brazil and upper-middle income countries in the years 1990 and 2017]. / Mudanças da prevalência de dentes permanentes cariados no Brasil e em países de renda média-alta nos anos 1990 e 2017.

The distribution of caries is uneven and strongly associated with the different socioeconomic profiles of countries. The scope of this study was to describe the changes in the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth in Brazil and in upper-middle income countries for the years 1990 and 2017. It is a descriptive study based on secondary data extracted from the Global Burden of Disease. The 53 countries included in the upper-middle income group were included. Caries prevalence estimates were collected for the years 1990 and 2017. The percentage change in prevalence was calculated between the two years. The values of the Human Development Index (HDI) for each country were also collected. The results show the trend of a reduction in the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth in Brazil and in most upper-middle income countries. The prevalence of untreated caries in Brazil was 38.17% in 1990 and 37.46% in 2017. Brazil occupies the 41st position in the ranking of the reduction in the prevalence of caries among the 53 countries evaluated. The countries that achieved the greatest reductions in the prevalence of caries were those with an improvement in their HDI. In this respect, the need to review public oral health policies is revealed, as well as a reflection on addressing the inequities present in the countries surveyed.

A distribuição da cárie é desigual e fortemente associada aos diferentes perfis socioeconômicos dos países. Objetivou-se descrever as mudanças da prevalência de dentes permanentes cariados no Brasil e em países de renda média-alta nos anos 1990 e 2017. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado a partir de dados secundários extraídos do Global Burden of Disease. Foram incluídos os 53 países pertencentes ao grupo de renda média-alta. As estimativas de prevalência de cárie foram coletadas nos anos de 1990 e 2017. A variação percentual da prevalência foi calculada entre os dois anos. Também foram coletados os valores do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) para cada país. Os resultados evidenciam tendência de redução da prevalência de dentes permanentes cariados no Brasil e na maioria dos países de renda média-alta. A prevalência de cárie não tratada no Brasil foi de 38,17%, em 1990, e de 37,46% em 2017. O Brasil ocupa a 41ª posição no ranking de redução na prevalência de cárie entre os 53 países avaliados. Os países que alcançaram as maiores reduções na prevalência de cárie foram os que melhoraram o seu IDH. Nesse sentido, considera-se a necessidade de rever as políticas públicas de saúde bucal, bem como uma reflexão acerca do enfrentamento das iniquidades presentes nos países pesquisados.

Prevalence of malocclusion in early childhood and its associated factors in a primary care service in Brazil.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors of children cared for by a PHC Service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in 12 Health Care Practices. Of the 414 children in the cohort examined, 268 were assessed for malocclusion. The presence of anterior open bite, posterior and anterior crossbite was evaluated by the criteria of Foster and Hamilton. Socioeconomic variables, breastfeeding habits and pacifier use information were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach by Poisson Regression with robust variance. RESULTS: out of the total 268 evaluated, 135 (50.4%) were boys, and the average age was 28.6 (± 11.9) months. Out of the 143 (53.4%) cases of malocclusion, 113 were anterior open bite, 16 were anterior crossbite, 27 were posterior crossbite, and 38 had increased overjet. In the final analysis, it was observed that there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in children who never breastfed (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.00-2.08) and who always used a pacifier to sleep (PR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.14-2.86). CONCLUSION: the prevalence of malocclusion in this population was high and was associated with behavioral habits, such as the use of pacifier and not breastfeeding.

Access to dental services and oral health-related quality of life in the context of primary health care.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between access to oral health care in the Primary Health Care (PHC) and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The present study was a cross-sectional study, and the sample was composed of 412 users living in the areas covered by the public PHC services who visited a health unit for an oral exam or treatment in the last 24 months. Participants in the study responded to a home-based interview with questions that addressed socioeconomic status, behavioral, general health, dental prostheses, access to dental services in the PHC and their OHRQoL as measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) instrument. After the interview, a dental examination was performed to count the number of teeth. Chi-square tests, Student's t tests and multivariate analyses were performed using a hierarchical model and a Poisson regression with robust variance to evaluate the association between independent variables and OHRQoL. Access to oral health services in the PHC was statistically associated with OHRQoL, and the estimated prevalence rate was PR = 1.17 (CI 95% 1.00-1.37). In this study, the definition of access was based on the availability of dental consultations on demand. The study identified that lack of access to oral health services offered by the PHC was associated with a higher prevalence of impact on the quality of life of individuals.

O estágio curricular na atenção primária à saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19: desafios e reinvenções para a formação em Odontologia / La pasantía curricular en atención primaria de salud durante la pandemia COVID-19: desafíos y reinvenciones para la formación en Odontología / The curricular internship in primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and reinventions for Dentistry education

O Decreto Legislativo n. 6/2020 reconheceu a ocorrência do estado de calamidade pública em razão da COVID-19, o que suscitou a suspensão das atividades presenciais nas instituições de ensino superior. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever e analisar a experiência de docentes e estudantes de graduação em Odontologia nos estágios curriculares na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) durante o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). Trata-se de um relato de experiência de docentes e monitoras com três turmas do penúltimo semestre de um curso diurno de Odontologia, no período letivo entre 2020/1 a 2021/2, totalizando 109 estudantes. Foram consultados documentos institucionais e registros dos docentes sobre as atividades de ensino. O método utilizado foi o de Sistematização deExperiências. Em agosto de 2020, com o início do ERE, o percurso do estágio foi reorganizado e a carga horária redistribuída, com os estudantes sendo preparados para posterior atuação na APS. A partir de janeiro de 2021, o estágio, que enfrentou desafios e reinvenções, foi desenvolvido na modalidade híbrida com vivências práticas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Em relação aos desafios, destacam-se a capacitação para o ensino virtual; o aprendizado de lidar com as vidas perdidas; a rescisão de contratos dos profissionais das UBS, o número restrito de serviços para atender as turmas acumuladas e a expectativa de atuação clínica dos estudantes versus as restrições sanitárias. Relacionado às reinvenções, destacam-se o preenchimento e assinatura dos termos virtualmente e abertura de campos de estágio nas cidades do interior. As reconfigurações do estágio buscaram a integração entre a teoria e a prática e possibilitaram, além da formatura dos estudantes, a aquisição do arcabouço didático-pedagógico para o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais (AU).

Decreto Legislativo núm. 6/2020 reconoció la ocurrencia de un estado de calamidad pública por causa del COVID-19, que motivó la suspensión de actividades presenciales en las instituciones de educación superior. El objetivo de este informe fue describir y analizar la experiencia de profesores y estudiantes de pregrado en Odontología en prácticas curriculares en Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS) durante la Educación a Distancia de Emergencia (ERE). Se trata de un informe de la experiencia de docentes y monitores con tres clases del penúltimo semestre de una carrera diurna de Odontología, en el periodo académico comprendido entre 2020/1 y 2021/2, totalizando 109 estudiantes. Se consultaron documentos institucionales y registros docentes sobre la actividad docente. El método utilizado fue la Sistematización de Experiencias. En agosto de 2020, con el inicio del ERE, se reorganizó la ruta de prácticas y se redistribuyó la carga horaria, preparándose los estudiantes para su posterior trabajo en la APS. A partir de enero de 2021, la pasantía, que enfrentó desafíos y reinvenciones, se desarrolló en una modalidad híbrida con experiencias prácticas en Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS). En cuanto a los desafíos, destaca la formación para la docencia virtual; aprender a lidiar con las vidas perdidas; la rescisión de contratos de los profesionales de la UBS, la restricción del número de servicios para atender las clases acumuladas y la expectativa de desempeño clínico de los estudiantes versus las restricciones sanitarias. Enrelación con las reinvenciones, las más destacadas son la cumplimentación y firma de plazos de forma virtual y la apertura de campamentos de pasantías en ciudades del interior. Las reconfiguraciones de la pasantía buscaron la integración entre teoría y práctica y permitieron, además de la graduación de los estudiantes, la adquisición del marco didáctico-pedagógico para el desarrollo de habilidades profesionales (AU).

The Law Decree n. 6/2020 recognized the occurrence of public calamity due to COVID-19, which led to the interruption of in-person activities in higher education institutions. The aim of this report is to describe and analyze the experience of professors and undergraduate Dentistry students in curricular internships in Primary Health Care (PHC) during Emergency Distance Learning (EDL). This paper reports the experience of professors and monitors with three classes from the last but one semester of adaytime Dentistry course in the academic period between 2020/1 and 2021/2, adding up to 109 students. Institutional documents and professors' records on teaching activities were consulted. The method used was Systematization of Experiences. In August 2020, with the onset of EDL, the internship was reorganized, and the workload redistributed, preparing the students for later work at PHC. After January 2021, the internship, which faced challenges and reinventions, was developed in hybrid modality with practical experiences in Basic Health Units (UBS). Regarding the challenges, the training for virtual teaching is highlighted, as well as learning to deal with lost lives, the termination of contracts of UBS professionals, the restricted number of services to assist the accumulated classes and the expectation of clinical performance of students as opposed to the health restrictions. Concerning the reinventions, the most outstanding are filling and signing terms virtually and opening internship fields in countryside cities. The reconfigurations of internship aimed at the integration between theory and practice; besides the students' graduation, it enabled the acquisition of didactic-pedagogical framework for the development of professional skills (AU).

Mudanças da prevalência de dentes permanentes cariados no Brasil e em países de renda média-alta nos anos 1990 e 2017 / Changes in the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth in Brazil and upper-middle income countries in the years 1990 and 2017

Resumo A distribuição da cárie é desigual e fortemente associada aos diferentes perfis socioeconômicos dos países. Objetivou-se descrever as mudanças da prevalência de dentes permanentes cariados no Brasil e em países de renda média-alta nos anos 1990 e 2017. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado a partir de dados secundários extraídos do Global Burden of Disease. Foram incluídos os 53 países pertencentes ao grupo de renda média-alta. As estimativas de prevalência de cárie foram coletadas nos anos de 1990 e 2017. A variação percentual da prevalência foi calculada entre os dois anos. Também foram coletados os valores do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) para cada país. Os resultados evidenciam tendência de redução da prevalência de dentes permanentes cariados no Brasil e na maioria dos países de renda média-alta. A prevalência de cárie não tratada no Brasil foi de 38,17%, em 1990, e de 37,46% em 2017. O Brasil ocupa a 41ª posição no ranking de redução na prevalência de cárie entre os 53 países avaliados. Os países que alcançaram as maiores reduções na prevalência de cárie foram os que melhoraram o seu IDH. Nesse sentido, considera-se a necessidade de rever as políticas públicas de saúde bucal, bem como uma reflexão acerca do enfrentamento das iniquidades presentes nos países pesquisados.

Abstract The distribution of caries is uneven and strongly associated with the different socioeconomic profiles of countries. The scope of this study was to describe the changes in the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth in Brazil and in upper-middle income countries for the years 1990 and 2017. It is a descriptive study based on secondary data extracted from the Global Burden of Disease. The 53 countries included in the upper-middle income group were included. Caries prevalence estimates were collected for the years 1990 and 2017. The percentage change in prevalence was calculated between the two years. The values of the Human Development Index (HDI) for each country were also collected. The results show the trend of a reduction in the prevalence of decayed permanent teeth in Brazil and in most upper-middle income countries. The prevalence of untreated caries in Brazil was 38.17% in 1990 and 37.46% in 2017. Brazil occupies the 41st position in the ranking of the reduction in the prevalence of caries among the 53 countries evaluated. The countries that achieved the greatest reductions in the prevalence of caries were those with an improvement in their HDI. In this respect, the need to review public oral health policies is revealed, as well as a reflection on addressing the inequities present in the countries surveyed.

Pessoas idosas institucionalizadas, transtornos depressivos e questões odontológicas: qual o estado da arte? / Institutionalized old people, depressive disorders, and dental issues: what is the state of the art?

Resumo Objetivo Fazer um mapeamento e uma discussão sobre o conhecimento científico envolvendo o objeto de pesquisa Condições de saúde bucal e depressão em idosos institucionalizados. Método Revisão de Escopo do tipo mapeamento da literatura. O mapeamento dos dados selecionados foi feito pela técnica de sistematização de dados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Somativa na perspectiva de Temas Manifestos nos textos. Após as exclusões foram selecionados 27 artigos. Resultados Com a análise dos artigos foi possível dividi-los em dois temas. Todos os continentes possuem publicações acerca do tema. Sobre sua metodologia, muitas pesquisas com desenho de estudos dedutivos foram realizadas e poucas pesquisas foram desenvolvidas com métodos indutivos. Conclusão O presente estudo identificou que existe uma interlocução entre algumas condições de saúde bucal (xerostomia e perda dentária) e prevalência de transtornos depressivos em idosos institucionalizados.

Abstract Objective To map and discuss scientific knowledge involving the research object Oral health conditions and depression in institutionalized old people. Method Scope review of the literature mapping type. The mapping of the selected data was done using the data systematization technique through the Summative Content Analysis from the perspective of Manifest Themes in the texts. After the exclusions, 27 articles were selected. Results With the analysis of the articles it was possible to divide them into two themes. All continents have publications on the topic. Regarding its methodology, a lot of research with the design of deductive studies was carried out and few researches were developed with inductive methods. Conclusion The present study identified that there is a communication between some oral health conditions (xerostomia and tooth loss) and the prevalence of depressive disorders in institutionalized old people.

Change in Quality of Life and Its Association with Oral Health and Other Factors in Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults-A Prospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether changes in oral health status were associated with decline in quality of life (QoL). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Carlos Barbosa, southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 872 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older was evaluated in 2004. The current study population consisted of 389 participants available for follow-up in 2012. MEASURES: Change in QoL was assessed through the use of the short version of the World Health Organization QoL Assessment tool (WHOQOL-BREF) at baseline and follow-up. Each WHOQOL domain generates a score, with changes being calculated for each domain. Individuals with the same or higher scores at follow-up were categorized as having improved QoL, and those with lower scores were categorized as having a decline in QoL. Sociodemographic and health variables were assessed in an interview, and tooth loss, use of dental prostheses, and satisfaction with chewing ability and oral appearance were verified through oral examinations. Interviews and examinations were repeated. Risk ratios (RRs) relative to the outcome and independent variables were estimated using Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator. RESULTS: Tooth loss was a risk factor for decline in the psychological domain of QoL (RR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.06). Improvement in satisfaction with chewing ability was a protective factor for decline in this same domain (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50-0.97). Greater satisfaction with oral appearance was a protective factor against decline in social (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72-0.98) and environmental (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.97) domain scores. CONCLUSION: Preventing tooth loss and recognizing and properly addressing concerns about chewing and dental appearance can affect the general well-being of community-dwelling elderly adults.

Testing the applicability of a model of oral health-related quality of life.

The aim of this study was to test Wilson & Cleary's conceptual model of the direct and mediated pathways between clinical and non-clinical variables in relation to oral health-related quality of life. A random sample of 578 older people was evaluated. Wilson & Cleary's conceptual model was tested using structural equations modeling including: biological variables, symptom status, functional health, oral health perceptions, oral health-related quality of life. Oral health-related quality of life was assessed with the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). In the final model, edentulism was negatively correlated to dissatisfaction of appearance of their dental prostheses (r = -0.25). Worse functional status was correlated with poor oral health perception (r = 0.24). Being aged over 68 (r = 0.25), being a female (r = 0.39) and living in rural areas (r = 0.15) had a direct effect on the edentulism. Age had a direct effect on OHIP-14 (r = -0.15). There was an indirect effect of sex on OHIP-14 via functional status (r = 0.12). The present findings partially support Wilson & Cleary's model framework.

Aspectos emocionais, apoio social e funcionalidade bucal de idosos robustos e residentes em instituição de longa permanência / Emotional aspects, social support and oral functionality regarding robust older adults' residents in a long-term institution

Objetivo: analisar as questões envolvendo aspectos emocionais e o acesso à informação, escuta qualificada,componentes do macroconceito de apoio social e suas relações com condições sociodemográficas e de funcionalidadebucal em idosos robustos e independentes moradores de uma instituição de longa permanência.Métodos: estudo descritivo observacional e transversal. Para coleta dos dados, foi aplicado o instrumento Escala de Apoio Social e, para análise dos dados, foi proposto um desfecho composto representando o apoio social recebido e análises bivariadas para observação de associações significantes entre o desfecho e as variáveissociodemográficas e de funcionalidade bucal. Resultados: a prevalência da percepção positiva do apoio foi de 54,4%, e é maior em idosos com idade variando entre 60-79 anos e com menor número de dentes.Conclusão: questões emocionais e de informação aos idosos, concebidas por meio das relações interpessoais dentro de uma instituição de longa permanência, precisam ser acessadas por idosos com dentição funcionale em idades mais avançadas.(AU)

Objective: to analyze issues involving emotional aspects and access to information, components of the macro concept of social support, and their relationship with sociodemographic and oral health conditions regarding older people living in long- -term care facilities. Methodology: research design with a transversa approach. To collect the data, the Social Support Scale instrument was applied, and data analysis was performed to compose the social support received and bivariate analyzes for the observation of significant associations between the outcome and socio demographic and oral health variables. Results: the prevalence of positive perception of the social support was 54.4%, higher in older individuals aged 60-79 years, with a higher number of teeth and a non-white colour. Conclusion: emotional and informational issues for the elderly, conceived through interpersonal relationships within a long-term institution need to be optimized.(AU)

Pessoas idosas, covid-19 e saúde bucal: interlocuções, particularidades e reflexões / Elderly, covid-19, and oral health: dialogues, particularities, and reflections

Uma pandemia como a da COVID-19 faz a população mundial repensar várias questões envolvendo cuidado em saúde de pessoas idosas. Neste contexto, a assistência odontológica deve se adequar ao enfrentamento da referida pandemia. O presente artigo reflexivo tem como objetivo apresentar uma narrativa sobre questões envolvendo a atualidade do cuidado em saúde bucal das pessoas idosas frente aos novos desafios trazidos pela pandemia do coronavírus. Neste artigo, especialistas da área trazem algumas perspectivas sobre as intersecções entre os cuidados com a saúde e suas pluralidades frente à pessoa idosa. Desse modo, educação em saúde, saúde mental e cuidado compassivo são compreendidos como desafios a serem enfrentados. A COVID-19 em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas e as ações de cuidadores relacionadas à saúde bucal são necessidades emergentes que necessitam ser discutidas para nortear ações atuais e futuras.(AU)

A pandemic such as that of COVID-19 makes the world population rethink several issues involving health care for the elderly. In this context, dental care must be adapted to face the referred pandemic. The present reflective essay aims to present a narrative on issues involving the current oral health care of the elderly in the face of new challenges brought about by the pandemic of the coronavirus. In this article, specialists in the field bring some perspectives on the intersections between health care and its pluralities vis-à-vis the elderly. In this way, health education, mental health, and compassionate care are understood as challenges to be faced. COVID-19 in institutionalized elderly people and the actions of oral health caregivers are emerging situations that need to be discussed to guide current and future actions.(AU)

Questões fonoaudiológicas e odontológicas na percepção de idosos que acessam serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde / Speech therapy and oral health issues in the perception of the older adults that access the Unified Health System

RESUMO: Modelo de estudo: Estudo observacional e transversal com dados coletados a partir de questionários aplicados aos idosos em visitas domiciliares, sobre acesso a serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de idosos independentes sobre questões fonoaudiológicas e odontológicas nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: Foram analisadas frequências absolutas das variáveis de estudo relacionadas a questões fonoaudiológicas e odontológicas através do teste do Qui-quadrado e Teste Exato-de-Fisher, ambos com nível de 0,05% de significância. Resultados: Os idosos entrevistados foram predominantemente mulheres (76,5%), cor branca (73,5%), com no mínimo ensino médio de escolaridade (64,7%). Destes idosos, 92,6% afirmaram não possuir dificuldades para se alimentar, apesar de 51,5% nunca ter feito uma avaliação fonoaudiológica. Houve maior proporção indicando que os idosos não necessitaram de consulta com fonoaudióloga (73,5%). Quanto à utilização de serviços da atenção primária, 68,7% utilizavam o sistema público e desses, 94,1% autoperceberam sua condição de saúde bucal como regular/ruim. Conclusão: Sugere-se o fortalecimento do cuidado dos idosos de forma interdisciplinar e integral, a fim de abranger as necessidades e especificidades dessa população. A baixa percepção da importância do cuidado sugere a necessidade do fortalecimento dos serviços de fonoaudiologia para a saúde da população idosa brasileira. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Study design: Cross-sectional study with data collected from questionnaires applied to older adults at domiciliary visits regarding access to health services. Objective: Analyzing the perception of independent elderly about speech-language and dental issues in the Primary Health Care Services of the Unified Health System/SUS. Methods: Absolute frequencies of the study variables related to speech-language and dental questions were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test, both with a 0.05% significance level. Results: The elderly interviewed were predominantly women (76.5%), white (73.5%), with at least high school education (64.7%). Of these, 92.6% said they had no difficulty in eating, although 51.5% never had a speech therapist evaluation. There was also a higher proportion indicating that the elderly did not need an appointment with the speech therapist (73.5%). Regarding the use of primary care services, 68.7% used the public system, and of these, 94.1% self-perceived their oral health condition as fair/poor. Conclusion: It is suggested to strengthen the care of the elderly in an interdisciplinary and integral way to cover the needs and specificities of this population. The low perception of the importance of care suggests the need for strengthening speech therapy services for the health of the elderly Brazilian population. (AU)

Access to dental services and oral health-related quality of life in the context of primary health care

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between access to oral health care in the Primary Health Care (PHC) and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The present study was a cross-sectional study, and the sample was composed of 412 users living in the areas covered by the public PHC services who visited a health unit for an oral exam or treatment in the last 24 months. Participants in the study responded to a home-based interview with questions that addressed socioeconomic status, behavioral, general health, dental prostheses, access to dental services in the PHC and their OHRQoL as measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) instrument. After the interview, a dental examination was performed to count the number of teeth. Chi-square tests, Student's t tests and multivariate analyses were performed using a hierarchical model and a Poisson regression with robust variance to evaluate the association between independent variables and OHRQoL. Access to oral health services in the PHC was statistically associated with OHRQoL, and the estimated prevalence rate was PR = 1.17 (CI 95% 1.00-1.37). In this study, the definition of access was based on the availability of dental consultations on demand. The study identified that lack of access to oral health services offered by the PHC was associated with a higher prevalence of impact on the quality of life of individuals.

Avaliação da qualidade de aprendizagem no ambiente virtual (Moodle) em saúde bucal, na perspectiva dos discentes / Evaluation of the learning quality in the virtual environment (Moodle) in oral health, in the students' perspective

A oferta de cursos a distância implica no acompanhamento e na avaliação de seu processo de ensino. A avaliação de processos educacionais visa capturar suas lacunas e permitir, através de um ciclo de reflexão e ação estratégica, avançar na qualidade de sua construção. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a percepção da qualidade do processo de aprendizagem realizada por meio de pesquisa de opinião. Participaram 332 alunos concluintes de seis cursos de educação permanente a distância em áreas obrigatórias aos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas. O instrumento utilizado foi o Constructivist On-Line Learning Environment Survey (COLLES), que consiste em 24 questões agrupadas em seis dimensões: relevância, reflexão crítica, interação, apoio dos tutores, apoio dos colegas e compreensão. As respostas foram em escala do tipo Likert, de cinco pontos, variando de quase nunca a quase sempre. Os dados foram computados e apresentados como frequências absolutas e relativas. Os resultados revelaram que, para maioria (85,3%) dos participantes, os cursos foram relevantes para a prática da profissão. A reflexão crítica foi realizada frequentemente (43,2%) sobre o conteúdo do curso. De acordo com 39,1% dos estudantes, o tutor estimulou a reflexão sobre as atividades do curso. Resultados piores foram obtidos em interatividade, dimensão na qual apenas 13,5% se dispuseram a explicar suas ideias e 44,3% quase nunca pediram explicações sobre as ideias dos colegas. O estudo permitiu observar que os alunos percebem favoravelmente quatro das seis dimensões, entretanto há necessidade de reorientação das atividades para melhoria da interatividade e de movimento colaborativo (AU).

The offer of distance learning courses implies in the monitoring and evaluation of its educational processes, which aim to capture its gaps and allow, by means of a cycle of reflection and strategic action, to advance the quality of its development. The objective of this study was to describe students' perception regarding the quality of learning process carried out through an opinion survey. Participants were 332 graduate students from six distance learning education courses in mandatory areas of the Dental Specialties Centers. The instrument used was the Constructivist On-Line Learning Environment Survey (COLLES) with 24 questions and six dimensions: relevance, critical reflection, interaction, tutorial support, peer support, and understanding. Responses were on five-points Likert scale, ranging from almost never to almost always. Data were analyzed and presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Results revealed that for most of the participants (85.3%) the courses were relevant to their professional practices. Critical reflection was often (43.2%) carried out about the content of the courses. According to 39.1% of the students, the tutor encouraged them to reflect on the course activities. Worse results were obtained in interactivity, a dimension in which only 13.5% were willing to explain their ideas and 44.3% almost never asked for explanations regarding colleagues' ideas. This study observes that the students perceive favorably four of the six dimensions. However, it is necessary to reorganize the activities in order to improve interactivity and collaboration (AU).

The prevalence of elder abuse in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area.

Abuse of the elderly is a form of violence to come to the public's attention. Dental professionals are in an ideal position to identify physical abuse. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of elderly abuse and analyze the database of injury reports that can be identified by dental teams. A documentary analysis study developed by the Elderly Protection Police Station of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out. The information used came from 2,304 complaints filed at the aforementioned institution between the years of 2004 and 2006. The records of abuse are categorized as injury, neglect, mistreatment, theft, financial abuse, threat, disturbing the peace, atypical fact, and others. The injuries that could be identified by the dental team were classified according to the injury's location in the area of the head, face, mouth and neck. Descriptive analysis was performed, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the distributions of the types of elder abuse in relation to sex and age. The most frequent of the different types of abuse was theft, with a prevalence of 17.8%, followed by disturbing the peace at 11.8%. Disturbing the peace, threat, and bodily injury were significantly associated with women. Elder abuse among women and men declines with age. The prevalence of head injury was 25% of the total injuries, most often in females, and in those aged < 70 years. Based on these results, it is necessary that the dental team observe the elderly person's appearance for suspicious physical signs.

Four-year incidence and predictors of tooth loss among older adults in a southern Brazilian city.

BACKGROUND: Tooth loss is still prevalent among older adults and may negatively affect their health and well-being. Previous evidence has shown that oral disease-related factors are the more consistent predictors of tooth loss. Although certain models have considered oral health behaviour as a key construct in explaining oral health inequalities, others have favoured the role of social structure and the social environment in determining oral health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the tooth loss incidence and its predictors among community-living older adults in a southern Brazilian city. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted using a simple random sample of 388 older people evaluated in 2004. The follow-up was carried out during 2008, with 273 older persons examined. Interviews and oral examinations were conducted. The incidence of tooth loss was modelled through a conceptual framework with the use of negative binomial regression. RESULTS: Some 67.8% of people lost one or more teeth, whereas 12.5% became edentulous during the follow-up period. In the multivariate model that controlled for baseline predictors, older age; male gender; living in a rural area; being married; less schooling; current smoking; and dissatisfaction with the access to health services were associated with tooth loss. Among the clinical variables, the use of partial dentures and gingival bleeding index were predictors, whereas higher saliva flow rate was a protective factor for the outcome. DISCUSSION: As proposed in the conceptual framework, demographic factors; primary determinants of health; behavioural; and clinical variables were predictors of tooth loss. These results are important, because understanding the causal association between lifestyle practices such as oral hygiene or smoking with tooth loss does not elucidate why individuals and communities engage in such practices. CONCLUSION: Interventions aiming to reduce tooth loss and edentulism in the elderly should account for social and environmental factors, in combination with clinical and behavioural components.

Utilização de serviços de saúde bucal na atenção primária: perspectivas dos usuários do sus de um município do sul do brasil / Use of dental services at primary health care: sus users perspective at a municipality in south of Brazil

Introdução: A questão do acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal no Sistema Único de Saúde, bem como a característica da busca por estes serviços refletem a necessidade de saúde bucal da população. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o acesso ao atendimento odontológico em Porto Alegre/RS, por meio da percepção do usuário dos serviços de saúde do SUS. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, desenvolvido por meio da aplicação de um questionário em uma amostra de 139 participantes por meio do aplicativo Open Data Kit-Collect. Foram analisadas as variáveis sexo, faixa-etária, escolaridade, raça/cor, motivo da consulta odontológica e informação sobre a presença de atendimento odontológico na Unidade Básica de Saúde acessada. Foram realizadas análises descritivas simples e teste Qui-quadrado de Person. Resultados: Dos participantes, 66,3% eram do sexo feminino, autodeclaradas não-brancas (73,4%), casadas (44,4%) e 100% alfabetizadas. Do total destes usuários do SUS, 87,4% buscavam atendimento odontológico privado mesmo sendo usuários dos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde do SUS. Os principais motivos de suas consultas odontológicas (54%) eram referentes a realização de limpeza, revisão, manutenção ou prevenção. Observou-se que 35% não sabia da existência de serviços odontológicos na unidade de saúde que acessavam. Desse modo, pode-se sugerir que os usuários de unidades básicas de saúde, que utilizam serviços odontológicos privados, não sabiam que a unidade ofertava serviços odontológicos preventivos (p=0,001). Conclusão: O referido estudo oportunizou o aprofundamento e caracterização sobre situação do acesso à saúde bucal de uma grande cidade brasileira. Esta análise contribui não só para a percepção do acesso a saúde bucal no município de Porto Alegre, como também, possibilitará o estabelecimento de estratégias que visem uma melhor abrangência do atendimento odontológico para essa população no SUS (AU).

Introduction: The issue of access to oral health services in the Unified Health System as well as the characteristic of the search for these services reflect the need for oral health of the population. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyses the access to dental care, by means of the perception of the user of Unified Health System (Acronym in Portuguese is SUS) health services, in Porto Alegre. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study developed by means the application of a questionnaire built specifically for the research, in a sample of 139 individuals through the app Open Data Kit-Collect. The following variables were analyzed: Sex, Age-group, Schooling, Race/color, reason for dental consultation and information about the attendance of dental care in the UBS accessed. Simple descriptive analyses and the Chi-square test of Person were performed. Results: 66.3% of the participants were female, self-declared white (73.4%), married (44.4%) and single (31.3%) and literate. It could be observed that 87.4% of these SUS users, when necessary, sought private dental care, even though they were users of SUS Primary Health Care services. The main reason for their dental consultations (54%) were for reasons related to cleaning, revision, maintenance or prevention. It was observed that 35% did not know about the existence of dental services in the Health Unit that they accessed. Thus, it can be suggested sers of basic health units, who use private dental services, did not know that the unit offered preventive dental services (p= 0.001). Conclusion: This project provided the knowledge about the situation of access to oral health in a large Brazilian city. This analysis contributes not only to the perception of access to oral health in the city of Porto Alegre, but also, it will enable the establishment of strategies aimed at a better coverage of dental care for this population in the SUS (AU).

Testing the applicability of a model of oral health-related quality of life / Teste da aplicabilidade de um modelo de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal / Prueba de la aplicación de un modelo de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral

The aim of this study was to test Wilson & Cleary’s conceptual model of the direct and mediated pathways between clinical and non-clinical variables in relation to oral health-related quality of life. A random sample of 578 older people was evaluated. Wilson & Cleary’s conceptual model was tested using structural equations modeling including: biological variables, symptom status, functional health, oral health perceptions, oral health-related quality of life. Oral health-related quality of life was assessed with the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). In the final model, edentulism was negatively correlated to dissatisfaction of appearance of their dental prostheses (r = -0.25). Worse functional status was correlated with poor oral health perception (r = 0.24). Being aged over 68 (r = 0.25), being a female (r = 0.39) and living in rural areas (r = 0.15) had a direct effect on the edentulism. Age had a direct effect on OHIP-14 (r = -0.15). There was an indirect effect of sex on OHIP-14 via functional status (r = 0.12). The present findings partially support Wilson & Cleary’s model framework.

O objetivo foi testar as vias diretas e mediadas do modelo de Wilson & Cleary entre as variáveis clínicas e não clínicas em relação à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. Uma amostra aleatória de 578 idosos foi avaliada. O modelo de Wilson & Cleary foi testado usando-se a modelagem de equações estruturais, incluindo: variáveis biológicas, sintomas, estado funcional, percepção da saúde bucal, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal foi avaliada com o Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). No modelo final, o edentulismo foi negativamente correlacionado com a insatisfação da aparência das próteses dentárias (r = -0,25). O pior estado funcional foi correlacionado com a pior percepção de saúde bucal (r = 0,24). Ter 68 ou mais anos de idade (r = 0,25), ser do sexo feminino (r = 0,39) e viver em áreas rurais (r = 0,15) são fatores para um efeito direto sobre o edentulismo. A idade apresentou um efeito direto no OHIP-14 (r = -0,15). O sexo apresentou um efeito indireto no OHIP-14 via estado funcional (r = 0,12). Os resultados do estudo corroboram parcialmente com o modelo.

El objetivo fue probar vías directas y medidores de Wilson & Cleary para establecer las variables clínicas y no clínicas, en relación con la calidad de vida referente a la salud oral. Se evaluó una muestra aleatoria de 578 personas de edad avanzada. El modelo de Wilson & Cleary fue probado usando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, incluyendo: variables biológicas, síntomas, estado funcional, percepción de salud oral, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral. La calidad de vida se evaluó con el Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). En el modelo final, el edentulismo se correlacionó negativamente con la insatisfacción de la aparición de las prótesis dentales(r = -0.25). El peor estado funcional se correlacionó con una peor salud oral percibida (r = 0,24). Tener 68 años o más (r = 0,25), ser mujer (r = 0,39) y vivir en un área rural (r = 0,15) tuvo un efecto directo sobre edentulismo. La edad tuvo un efecto directo sobre la OHIP-14 (r = -0.15). El sexo tuvo un efecto indirecto sobre la OHIP-14, a través del estado funcional (r = 0,12). Los resultados del estudio corroboran parcialmente el modelo.

Comparison of two assessment instruments of quality of life in older adults / Comparacao de dois instrumentos de avaliacao de qualidade de vida em idosos

Objective: To investigate if there is convergent validity between the dimensions of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-Bref) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 872 elderly Southern-Brazilians was evaluated. Questionnaires assessing socio-demographic data and quality of life in general (WHOQOL-Bref) and oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) were used. Analysis of the WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 questionnaires used descriptive statistics. The dimensions of the WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 questionnaires were correlated by affinity. The convergence between WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 dimensions was analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients. Results: The social relations dimension of the WHOQOL-Bref presented the greatest mean (18.24 ± 2.30). The physical pain dimension of the OHIP-14 presented a median of 1.0 (0.0 – 3.0). All correlations between the WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 dimensions were significant, negative and associated with a low magnitude. The correlation between WHOQOL-physical and OHIP-functional limitation, OHIP-physical pain, OHIP-physical disability and OHIP-handicap were – 0.164, – 0.262, – 0.196 and – 0.125 respectively. WHOQOL-psychological was associated with OHIP-psychological discomfort and OHIP-psychological disability, and WHOQOL-social showed an association with OHIP-social disability. Conclusions: All correlations analyzed had a positive association of low magnitude. Despite the fact that the WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 instruments have related dimensions, they measure physical, psychological and social relations differently. .

Objetivo: Investigar se existe convergência entre as dimensões da versão abreviada do questionário da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre Qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e do questionário Perfil do Impacto de Saúde Bucal-14 (OHIP-14). Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, uma amostra randomizada de 872 idosos do sul do Brasil foram avaliados. Questionários sobre informações de dados sociodemográficos e de qualidade de vida em geral (WHOQOL-Bref) e de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHIP-14) foram utilizados. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva para analisar os questionários WHOQOL-Bref e OHIP-14. As dimensões dos questionários WHOQOL-Bref e OHIP-14 foram correlacionas por afinidade. A convergência entre as dimensões do WHOQOL-Bref e do OHIP-14 foi analisada pelos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: A dimensão relação social do WHOQOL-Bref foi a que apresentou maior média (18.24 ± 2.30). A dimensão dor física do OHIP-14 apresentou mediana 1.0 (0.0 – 3.0). Todas as correlações entre as dimensões do WHOQOL-Bref e do OHIP-14 foram significativas, negativas e com associação de baixa magnitude. As correlações entre WHOQOL- físico e OHIP- limitação funcional, OHIP-dor física, OHIP-limitação física e OHIP-desvantagem foram – 0,164, – 0,262, – 0,196 e – 0,125, respectivamente. WHOQOL-psicológico foi associado com OHIP-disconforto psicológico e OHIP-limitação psicológica, e WHOQOL-social mostrou associação com OHIP-limitação social. Conclusões: Todas as correlações analisadas apresentaram associação ...

The prevalence of elder abuse in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area

Abuse of the elderly is a form of violence to come to the public's attention. Dental professionals are in an ideal position to identify physical abuse. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of elderly abuse and analyze the database of injury reports that can be identified by dental teams. A documentary analysis study developed by the Elderly Protection Police Station of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out. The information used came from 2,304 complaints filed at the aforementioned institution between the years of 2004 and 2006. The records of abuse are categorized as injury, neglect, mistreatment, theft, financial abuse, threat, disturbing the peace, atypical fact, and others. The injuries that could be identified by the dental team were classified according to the injury's location in the area of the head, face, mouth and neck. Descriptive analysis was performed, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the distributions of the types of elder abuse in relation to sex and age. The most frequent of the different types of abuse was theft, with a prevalence of 17.8%, followed by disturbing the peace at 11.8%. Disturbing the peace, threat, and bodily injury were significantly associated with women. Elder abuse among women and men declines with age. The prevalence of head injury was 25% of the total injuries, most often in females, and in those aged < 70 years. Based on these results, it is necessary that the dental team observe the elderly person's appearance for suspicious physical signs.

Avaliação da dimensionalidade e de um modelo conceitual de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal utilizando a escala oral health impact profile-14 / Evaluation of the dimensionality and a conceptual model of quality of life related to oral health using the oral health impact profile-14 scale

Poucos estudos têm avaliado a estrutura dimensional do Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Análise sobre a dimensionalidade e a adequação do OHIP-14 pode ajudar a melhorar a interpretação deste instrumento. Os objetivos desta tese foram avaliar a dimensionalidade e testar um modelo conceitual de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal utilizando a escala OHIP-14. A tese foi organizada em 3 manuscritos. O primeiro manuscrito "Comparison of two assessment instruments of the quality of life in older adults" teve como objetivo investigar se existe convergência entre as dimensões da versão abreviada do questionário da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre Qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref) e do questionário Perfil do Impacto de Saúde Bucal-14 (OHIP-14). Neste estudo, foram avaliados 872 idosos do sul do Brasil. As dimensões dos questionários WHOQOL-Bref e OHIP-14 foram correlacionas por afinidade. Todas as correlações analisadas apresentaram baixa magnitude. Apesar dos questionários WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 apresentarem dimensões relacionadas, eles medem as relações físicas, sociais e psicológicas de maneira diferente. O segundo manuscrito "Oral Health Impact Profile-14: a Unidimensional Scale?" teve como objetivo investigar a estrutura dimensional do OHIP-14. As amostras foram provenientes de dois estudos realizados no Brasil, um no Rio de Janeiro (N=504) e o outro em Carlos Barbosa (N=872). Análises Fatoriais Confirmatória e Exploratória foram realizadas para identificar as dimensões do OHIP-14. As análises fatoriais confirmaram um fator para ambos os estudos. Nossos resultados sugerem que o OHIP-14 é uma escala unidimensional.(continua)...

A few studies have evaluated the dimensional structure of Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Further analysis on the dimensionality and the adequacy of OHIP-14 can help improve the interpretation of this instrument. The objectives of this thesis were to assess the dimensionality and testing a conceptual model of oral health-related quality of life using the OHIP-14 scale. The thesis was organized in three manuscripts. The first manuscript "Comparison of two assessment instruments of the quality of life in older adults" aimed to investigate if there is convergent validity between the dimensions of World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-Bref) and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaires. In this study, 872 elderly Southern-Brazilians were evaluated. The dimensions of WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 questionnaires were correlated by affinity. All correlations analyzed had a low magnitude. Despite the fact that WHOQOL-Bref and OHIP-14 instruments have related dimensions, they measure physical, psychological and social relations differently. The second manuscript "Oral Health Impact Profile-14: a Unidimensional Scale?" aimed to investigate the dimensional structure of the OHIP-14. Subjects were from Rio de Janeiro (N=504) and Carlos Barbosa (N=872) Studies in Brazil. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed to identify the dimensions of OHIP-14. The factor analysis confirmed one factor in both studies. Our findings suggest that the OHIP-14 is a unidimensional scale. The third manuscript "Testing the applicability of a conceptual model of oral health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older people" aimed to test Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model in relation to oral health-related quality of life.continue)...