Effective adsorption of diclofenac and naproxen from water using fixed-bed column loaded with composite of heavy sugarcane ash and polyethylene terephthalate.

The contamination of water by pharmaceutical pollutants is a major issue these days due to excessive use of these ingredients in modern life. This study evaluated the adsorption and effectiveness of a low-cost composite prepared from heavy sugarcane ash (HSA) fused with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and functionalized with iron (Fe3+) in a dynamic system through a fixed-bed column. The solution of synthetic drugs was prepared and placed in a reservoir, using a peristaltic pump the solution is run onto the fixed bed column at a flow rate of 2 mL min-1. Saturation time and adsorption capacity were evaluated by centrifugation and extraction after a regular interval of 2 h from the adsorption column. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the data was modeled for quantification. For DIC removal, an adsorption capacity of 324.34 µg. g-1 and a saturation time of 22 h were observed, while the adsorption capacity of NAP was 956.49 µg. g-1, with a saturation time of 8 h. Thus, the PETSCA/Fe3+ adsorbent proved to be quite efficient for removing the pharmaceutical pollutants, with a longer period of operation for DIC removal. These findings suggested that a highly efficient bed column made from a less expensive waste material and could be used to remove hazardous pharmaceutical contaminants.

Fungal biosynthesis of lignin-modifying enzymes from pulp wash and Luffa cylindrica for azo dye RB5 biodecolorization using modeling by response surface methodology and artificial neural network.

This study demonstrates the evaluation between the artificial neural network technique coupled to the genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) and the response surface methodology (RSM) for prediction of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) decolorization by crude enzyme from Pleurotus. sajor-caju. Fungal lignin-modifying enzymes (FLME) were synthesized using pulp wash (PW) as an inducing substrate, and L. cylindrica (L.C) for cell immobilization. When grown in PW, the fungus showed higher Lac activity (126.5 IU. mL-1), whereas when immobilized a higher MnP activity was achieved (22.79 IU. mL-1), but both methods were capable of decolorizing the dye in about 89.4 % and 75 %, respectively. This indicates applicability of PW as an alternative substrate for FLME induction and viability of immobilization for MnP synthesis. For RB5 decolorization, the action of the crude enzyme extract was considered as a function of pH, dye concentration, temperature, and reaction time. The models are well adjusted to predict the efficiency of biodecolorization, with no statistical difference between ANN-GA and RSM, which indicates potential for green enzymes prospecting application in bioprocess industry.

Ocorrência de diclofenaco e naproxeno em água superficial no município de Três Lagoas (MS) e a influência da temperatura da água na detecção desses anti-inflamatórios / Occurence of diclofenac and naproxen in surface water in the Três Lagoas (MS) city and water temperature influence in the detection of these anti-inflammatories

RESUMO Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a presença e a concentração dos anti-inflamatórios diclofenaco e naproxeno em um córrego urbano localizado no município de Três de Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, que recebe efluente de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto; e verificar a influência da temperatura da água na ocorrência dos fármacos em águas superficiais. Foi realizado monitoramento dos anti-inflamatórios e dos parâmetros temperatura, pH e oxigênio dissolvido na água durante 12 meses consecutivos (outubro de 2008 a setembro de 2009). Foram coletadas amostras de água mensalmente em seis pontos, representando diferentes seções do córrego. As amostras foram submetidas ao processo de extração em fase sólida e analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Para verificar a influência da temperatura da água na ocorrência dos anti-inflamatórios diclofenaco e naproxeno nos ambientes aquáticos, utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística do Statistical Analysis System versão 9.0. Os anti-inflamatórios diclofenaco e naproxeno foram detectados nos diferentes pontos monitorados no Córrego da Onça. Os demais parâmetros avaliados neste estudo foram comparados com os padrões de qualidade de água estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. A maior concentração do diclofenaco foi detectada no ponto localizado à jusante da estação de tratamento de esgoto do município, enquanto a maior concentração de naproxeno foi registrada na foz do córrego. A temperatura da água influencia de forma inversamente proporcional a ocorrência dos dois anti-inflamatórios no córrego, ou seja, quanto maior a temperatura do corpo hídrico, menor a probabilidade de detecção dos fármacos diclofenaco e naproxeno.

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence and concentration of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and naproxen in an urban stream located in Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, that receives effluent from a wastewater treatment plant; and to evaluate the influence of water temperature in the occurrence of these drugs into surface waters. Monitoring of both anti-inflammatory and the parameters temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen was held in this water body during 12 consecutive months (October 2008 to September 2009). Water samples were collected monthly at six points representing different sections of the stream. The samples were subjected to solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. To check the influence of water temperature on the occurrence of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and naproxen in aquatic environments, it was used a logistic model of regression, the Statistical Analysis System version 9.0. The anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and naproxen were detected at different points in the Stream of Onça. The other parameters evaluated in this study were compared with the water quality standards established by the CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. The highest concentration of diclofenac was detected in the point located downstream of the wastewater treatment plant of the city, while the largest concentration of naproxen was recorded at the mouth of the stream. The water temperature influence, in an inversely proportional way, the occurrence of both anti-inflammatory in the stream, the higher the temperature the lower the water body probability of detection of drug diclofenac and naproxen.