Effectiveness and prognostic factors of different minimally invasive surgeries for vertebral compression fractures.

BACKGROUND: The aging of China's population has led to an increase in the incidence rate of osteoporosis, which indirectly increases the risk of OVCF in osteoporosis patients. Low back pain is the main symptom of OVCF, and severe patients can further develop kyphosis. Although the conservative treatment of OVCF can effectively control the patient's condition, long-term bed rest will increase the risk of OVCF complications. Minimally invasive surgery is a common solution for OVCF. METHODS: 100 OVCF patients admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 are selected for analysis and randomly divided into PVP group and PKP group, 50 cases in each group. The PVP group and the PKP group undergo PVP and PKP operations respectively. The differences in efficacy indicators and adverse reactions are compared, and the multivariate Logistic regression method is used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative secondary fractures in patients with vertebral compression fractures. RESULTS: Compared with the PVP group, the total effective rate of PKP group is significantly increased, and the VAS, ODI score, kyphotic Cobb Angle, lateral distribution rate of bone cement and bone cement leakage rate are significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Age ≥ 80 years old, female, glucocorticoid use, lateral distribution of bone cement and bone cement leakage are significantly higher in the proportion of secondary fractures and are independent risk factors for postoperative secondary fractures in patients with OVCF. CONCLUSION: PKP surgery has a higher efficacy in the treatment of OVCF patients, which can reduce the incidence of pain, adverse reactions and promote the recovery of kyphotic Cobb Angle. PKP surgery has a higher value in the treatment of OVCF. In addition, the influencing factors of secondary fracture after minimally invasive surgery in OVCF patients include age, gender, glucocorticoid use, bone cement distribution pattern, bone cement leakage, etc.

Preparation of Polypropylene Spin Tips Filled with Immobilized Titanium(IV) Ion Monolithic Adsorbent for Robust Phosphoproteome Analysis.

In this study, we developed a Ti(IV) monolithic spin tip for phosphoproteome analysis of a minute amount of biological sample for the first time. The surface of polypropylene pipet tip was activated by the photoinitiator benzophenone under UV light radiation followed by polymerization of ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate and bis-acrylamide in the tip to form a porous monolith with reactive phosphate groups. The as-prepared tips grafted with monolithic adsorbent were then chelated with titanium(IV) ion for phosphopeptide enrichment. It was found that the tips enabled fast and efficient capture of phosphopeptides from microscale complex samples. The monolithic tip was demonstrated to have a detection limit as low as 5 fmol ß-casein tryptic digest, along with an exceptionally high specificity to capture phosphopeptides from complex tryptic digest mixed with an unphosphorylated protein and a phosphorylated protein at a molar ratio up to 1000:1. When the tip was applied to enrich phosphopeptides from 5 µg of tryptic digest of complex HeLa cell proteins, 1185 high confidence of phosphorylated sites were successfully identified with the specificity as high as 92.5%. So far, this is the most sensitive phosphoproteomics analysis using a standard liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system for proteome-wide phosphorylation analysis in mammalian cells.

Eudragit S100 coated iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites for colon targeting of 5-aminosalicylic acid ameliorate ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.

The therapeutic effect of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA), a first-line therapeutic agent for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), is limited by the modest bioavailability afforded by its oral administration. In this study, a 5-ASA oral delivery system was developed using Eudragit S100-coated iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites (ES-IOCS/5-ASA) to address this issue. According to drug release studies in vitro, ES-IOCS/5-ASA only released a small amount of drug in simulated gastric fluid with a pH of 1.2. However, in a medium with a pH of 7.5, a relatively rapid and complete release was noted. 5-ASA-loaded iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites (IOCS/5-ASA) could be effectively taken up by NCM460 cells and performed better anti-inflammatory effects than free 5-ASA. At the same time, IOCS/5-ASA improved barrier damage in DSS-induced NCM460 cells. In vivo models of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of oral administration of ES-IOCS/5-ASA. ES-IOCS/5-ASA significantly relieved DSS-induced colitis and enhanced the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. ES-IOCS/5-ASA also reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC and IL-1ß. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles used as nanozymes could alleviate inflammation. In summary, this study indicates that ES-IOCS/5-ASA exert anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome expression, presenting a viable therapeutic choice for the treatment of UC.

Multifunctional AuNPs@HRP@FeMOF immune scaffold with a fully automated saliva analyzer for oral cancer screening.

Delayed diagnosis of cancer-causing death is a worldwide concern. General diagnosis methods are invasive, time-consuming, and operation complicated, which are not suitable for preliminary screening. To address these challenges, the sensing platform based on immune scaffold and fully automated saliva analyzer (FASA) was proposed for oral cancer screening for the first time by non-invasive detection of Cyfra21-1 in saliva. Through one-step synthesis method with unique covalent and electrostatic adsorption strategy, AuNPs@HRP@FeMOF immune scaffold features multiple functions including antibody carrier, catalytic activity, and signal amplification. Highly integrated FASA with the immune scaffold provides automatic testing to avoid false-positive results and reduce pretreatment time without any user intervention. Compared with the commercial analyzer, FASA has comparable performance for Cyfra21-1 detection with a detection range of 3.1-50.0 ng/mL and R2 of 0.971, and superior features in full automation, high integration, time saving and low cost. Oral cancer patients could be distinguished accurately by the platform with an excellent correlation (R2 of 0.904) and average RSD (5.578%) without sample dilution. The proposed platform provides an effective and promising tool for cancer screening in point-of-care applications, which can be further extended for biomarker detection in universal body fluids, disease screening, prognosis review and homecare monitoring.

Thermosensitive and magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective recognition and extraction of aristolochic acid I.

Recently, the natural compound of aristolochic acid I (AAI) has attracted wide attentions due to its strong nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity. However, the extraction of AAI based on conventional molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tedious with extensive eluent, causing secondary pollution and poor regeneration. Herein, thermosensitive and magnetic MIPs (TMMIPs) were synthesized by a surface imprinting method, which achieved thermosensitive capture/release of AAI, along with rapid magnetic separation, significantly shortening the elution time and reducing organic-solvent consumption. TMMIPs with dual-stimuli responses exhibited superior affinity, selectivity, kinetics, and regeneration ability towards AAI. TMMIPs were applied to analyze AAI in Houttuynia cordata via dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), yielding satisfactory recoveries (79.03-99.67%) and relative standard deviations (≤5.78%). The limit of detection of AAI was as low as 26.67 µg/L. TMMIPs demonstrate great applicability for fast, selective and eco-friendly extraction of AAI in complicated matrices.

Rationally Designed Multivalent Aptamers Targeting Cell Surface for Biomedical Applications.

Specific interactions between ligands and receptors on cell surface play an important role in the cell biological process. Nucleic acid aptamers as commonly used ligands enable specific recognition and tight binding to membrane protein receptors for modulation of cell fate. Therefore, molecular probes with aptamers can be applied for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy by targeting overexpression membrane proteins of cancer cells. However, because of their fast degradation and rapid glomerulus clearance in vivo, the applications of aptamers in physiological conditions remain challenged. Inspired by natural multivalent interactions, many approaches have been developed to construct multivalent aptamers to improve the performance of aptamers in complex matrices with higher binding affinity, more stability, and longer circulation time. In this review, we first introduce the aptamer generation from purified protein-based SELEX and whole cell-based SELEX for targeting the cell surface. We then highlight the approaches to fabricate multivalent aptamers and discuss their properties. By integrating different materials (including inorganic nanomaterials, diacyllipid, polymeric nanoparticles, and DNA nanostructures) as scaffolds with an interface modification technique, we have summarized four kinds of multivalent aptamers. After that, representative applications in biosensing and targeted therapy are illustrated to show the elevated performance of multivalent aptamers. In addition, we analyze the challenges and opportunities for the clinical practices of multivalent aptamers.

Study on the preparation of molecular imprinted polymer for analysis of N-phenylglycine in human urine.

N-phenylglycine (NPG) in human urine could be an important biomarker for predicting cancers, but its detection has difficulty due to its low abundance in urine. Herein, we report a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) method to efficiently recognize NPG in urine. The MIP was prepared by precipitation polymerization, adopting NPG as the template, acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer, trimethylpropane triacrylate (TRIM) as crosslinking agent, and acetonitrile as porogen. The specificity and selectivity of MIP towards NPG in human urine were determined by comparing MIP's adsorption to the NPG and N-crotonylglycine (NTG) under the same conditions. The result ß = QMIP-NPG/QMIP-NTG = 4.7 indicated the satisfactory specificity and selectivity. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were further optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range, limit of detection, and limit of quantification of NPG were 0.5-100 mg∙L-1, 1.6 × 10-2 mg∙L-1, and 5.5 × 10-2 mg∙L-1, respectively. Recoveries of NPG in human urine were in the range of 84.7-100.0% with RSDS of 3.8-10.8%. The developed method demonstrated superior selectivity to the target analyte, which can be applied to separate and enrich the NPG from urine samples.

Multiplexed all-solid-state ion-sensitive light-addressable potentiometric sensor (ISLAPS) system based on silicone-rubber for physiological ions detection.

Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) has been widely used in biomedical applications since its advent. As a member of the potentiometric sensors, ion-sensitive LAPS (ISLAPS) can be obtained by modifying ion selective sensing membrane on the sensor surface. Compared with the conventional ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with liquid contact, the all-solid-state ISEs have more advantages such as easy maintenance, more convenient for miniaturization and practical applications. However, the commonly used ion-sensitive membrane (ISM) matrix like PVC has many limitations such as poor adhesion to silicone-based sensor and easy overflow of the plasticizer from the membrane. In this work, LAPS was combined with a variety of ionophore-doped all-solid-state silicone-rubber ISMs for the first time, to establish a program-controlled multiplexed ISLAPS system for physiological ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+) detection. The silicone-rubber ISMs have better adhesion to silicon-based sensors without containing plasticizers, which can avoid the plasticizer pollution and improve the long-term stability. A layer of poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3OT) was pre-modified on the sensor surface to inhibit the formation of an aqueous layer and improve the sensor lifetime. With the aid of a translation stage, the light spot automatically illuminated the detection sites in sequence, and the response of the four ions could be obtained in one measurement within 1 min. The proposed multiplexed ISLAPS has good sensitivity with micromolar limit of detection (LOD), good selectivity and long-term stability (more than 3 months). The results of the real Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) sample detection proved that the ISLAPS system can be used for the physiological ions detection, and is promising to realize a multi-parameter microphysiometer.

A magnetic hydrophilic molecularly imprinted material with multiple stimuli-response properties for efficient recognition of bisphenol A in beverages.

A magnetic hydrophilic molecularly imprinted material (MIM) with multiple stimuli-responses was prepared for efficient recognition of bisphenol A (BPA). MIM consisted of a magnetic core, an inner silica dioxide shell and an outer hydrophilic polymer shell, responsive for rapid magnetic separation, protection of the magnetic core and pH-/thermo-sensitivity to BPA, respectively. Controlled adsorption and release of BPA by pH/temperature regulation were realized through the reversible components of poly[N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (NIPAM-DMAEMA)] (PND). The resultant MIM possessed superior affinity, selectivity and kinetics to BPA in aqueous solution. MIM was successfully applied to detect BPA in beverages via dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), exhibiting satisfactory recoveries of 80.70-108.18% with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 6.08%. The limit of detection of BPA was obtained as low as 3.75 nmol/L. The versatile MIM could be a promising alternative for extraction/removal of BPA in complicated samples by multiple-stimuli regulations.

Pharmacokinetics of Active Components From Guhong Injection in Normal and Pathological Rat Models of Cerebral Ischemia: A Comparative Study.

Background and Objectives: Guhong Injection (GHI) is usually administered for the treatment of stroke in clinics. Aceglutamide and hydroxyl safflower yellow A (HSYA) are its key ingredients for brain protective effect. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of aceglutamide and HSYA under pathological and normal conditions, the pharmacokinetic parameters and characteristics of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and normal rats given the same dosage of GHI were studied compared. Methods: 12 SD rats were divided into two groups, namely, MCAO and normal groups. Both groups were treated with GHI in the same dosage. Plasma samples were collected from the jaw vein at different time points and subsequently tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: After administration of GHI, both aceglutamide and HSYA were immediately detected in the plasma. Ninety percent of aceglutamide and HSYA was eliminated within 3 h. For aceglutamide, statistically significant differences in the parameters including AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), AUMC(0-t), AUMC(0-∞), Cmax (P < 0.01), and Vz (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the MCAO group, in the normal group, the values of AUC(0-t), AUMC(0-t), VRT(0-t), and Cmax (P < 0.01) for HSYA were significantly higher, whereas the value of MRT(0-t) was significantly lower in the normal group. Conclusions: The in vivo trials based on the different models showed that, the pharmacokinetic behaviors and parameters of aceglutamide and HSYA in GHI were completely different. These results suggest that the pathological damage of ischemia-reperfusion has a significant impact on the pharmacokinetic traits of aceglutamide and HSYA.

Magnetic nanoparticles coated with maltose-functionalized polyethyleneimine for highly efficient enrichment of N-glycopeptides.

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) adsorbents have drawn increasing attention in recent years due to their high efficiency in N-glycopeptides enrichment. The hydrophilicity and binding capacity of HILIC adsorbents are crucial to the enrichment efficiency and mass spectrometry (MS) detection sensitivity of N-glycopeptides. Herein, magnetic nanoparticles coated with maltose-functionalized polyethyleneimine (Fe3O4-PEI-Maltose MNPs) were prepared by one-pot solvothermal reaction coupled with "click chemistry" and utilized for N-glycopeptides enrichment. Owing to the presence of hydrophilic and branched polyethyleneimine, the amount of immobilized disaccharide units was improved about four times. The N-glycopeptides capturing capacity was about 150mg/g (IgG/MNPs) and the MS detection limitation as low as 0.5fmol for IgG and 85% average enrichment recovery were feasibly achieved by using this hybrid magnetic adsorbent. Finally, 1237 unique N-glycosylation sites and 1567 unique N-glycopeptides from 684 N-glycoproteins were reliably characterized from 60µg protein sample extracted from mouse liver. Therefore, this maltose-functionalized polyethyleneimine coated adsorbent can play a promising role in highly efficient N-glycopeptides enrichment for glycoproteomic analyses of complex protein samples.

Facile fabrication of a near-infrared responsive nanocarrier for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy.

Remote-controlled nanocarriers for drug delivery are of great promise to provide timely, sensitive and spatiotemporally selective treatments for cancer therapy. Due to convenient and precise manipulation, deep penetration through tissues and excellent biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) irradiation is a preferred external stimulus for triggering the release of loaded drugs. In this work, for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy, a NIR responsive nanocarrier was fabricated using reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rNGO) decorated with mesoporous silica shell and the subsequent functionalization of the thermoresponsive polymer brushes (pNIPAM-co-pAAm) at the outlet of the silica pore channels. rNGO, which combined with the mesoporous silica shell provide a high loading capacity for anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, DOX), was assigned to sense NIR irradiation for the manipulation of pNIPAM-co-pAAm valve to control the diffusion of loaded DOX. Under NIR irradiation, rNGO would generate heat, which could not only elevate the surrounding temperature over the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAM-co-pAAm to open the thermoresponsive polymer valve and promote the diffusion of DOX, but also kill the cancer cells through the hypothermia effect. By manipulating NIR irradiation, the nanocarrier exhibited efficiently controlled release of loaded DOX both in the buffer and in living HeLa cells (the model cancer cells), providing powerful and site-targeted treatments, which can be attributed to synergistic effects of chemo-photothermal therapy. To sum up, this novel nanocarrier is an excellent drug delivery platform in remote-controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy via NIR irradiation.

The early phase response of rat alveolar bone to traumatic occlusion.

OBJECTIVES: Occlusal trauma is an important factor to influence alveolar bone remodelling, the effect of which includes many cytokines and signalling pathways. However, the exact mechanism of the traumatic stimulus for alveolar remodelling is still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the early responses of alveolar osteocytes to occlusal trauma through genome-wide microarray. METHODS: The occlusal surface of the upper left first molar of rat was raised by placing a stainless steel wire to induce occlusal trauma in the lower left first molar. After 24 h, we took out the alveolar bone tissue of the first molars at the both sides of rats' lower jaws under anaesthesia. The different gene expressions were showed by genome-wide microarray, which comprises about 27,000 genes and the results were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULT: Of the approximately 27,000 genes, the expression of 586 genes was strongly changed. These findings clearly demonstrated that in the early response of the alveolar bone to occlusal trauma, the expression of osteoblast, collagens, bone mineralization, bone remodelling and WNT, TGF-ß pathway related cytokines decreased, and osteoclast-specific cytokines have no significant changes in expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that at early phase of the occlusal trauma, osteogenesis in rat's alveolar bone was inhibited, and osteoclastogenesis was not significant.