Research progress on labial protuberances of anterior teeth in orthodontic treatment. / æ­£ç•¸æ²»ç–—ä¸­å‰ç‰™ç‰™æ§½éª¨å”‡ä¾§éª¨æ€§å‡¸èµ·ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Orthodontic treatment is a commonly utilized method for improving both facial aesthetics and occlusal function. During orthodontic treatment irregular, nodular labial protuberances on the labial side of the anterior teeth may occasionally occur, varying in number and size, which is closely connected to the differential bone remodeling patterns on the internal and external surfaces of the labial alveolar bone. Labial protuberances can not only affect the aesthetic results of orthodontic treatment, but also pose potential risks to periodontal health. Currently, it is believed that the influencing factors of the formation of the labial protuberances may be related to the patient's gender and age, tooth movement speed, and extent of anterior teeth retraction. Labial protuberances typically resolve spontaneously, however, if it is persistent, alveoloplasty may be necessary for treatment. This review provides a summary on the occurrence hypothesis, influencing factors of formation, potential biological mechanisms, and corresponding treatment methods of labial protuberances during orthodontic treatment.

Implications of occlusal plane in diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion. / 平面对错 畸形诊断和治疗的意义.

Occlusal plane (OP) is one of the essential factors affecting craniofacial morphology and function. The OP not only assists in diagnosing malocclusion but also serves as an important reference for making treatment plans. Patients with different types of malocclusions have different forms of OP. Compared with patients with standard skeletal facial type, the occlusal plane of patients with skeletal class Ⅱ and high angle is steeper, while that of patients with skeletal class Ⅲ and low angle is more even. In orthodontic treatment, adjusting and controlling the OP can promote the normal growth and development of the mandible in most patients with malocclusion during the early stage of growth, while causing favorable rotation of the mandible in some adults with mild-to-moderate malocclusion. For moderate-to-severe malocclusion, the OP rotation by orthodontic-orthognathic treatment can achieve better long-term stability. This article reviews the evolution of the definition of OP and its implications for diagnosing and the guiding treatment of malocclusion.

Oxygen nanocarrier broke the hypoxia trap of solid tumors and rescued transfection efficiency for gene therapy.

BACKGROUND: Gene therapy shows great promise for a broad array of diseases. However, we found that hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) exerted significant inhibitory effects on transfection efficiency of a variety of gene vectors (such as Lipo 2000 and PEI) in an oxygen-dependent manner. Solid tumors inevitably resulted in acute hypoxic areas due to the rapid proliferation of tumor cells and the aberrant structure of blood vessels. Thus, the hypoxic TME severely limited the efficiency and application of gene therapy. METHODS: In our previous study, we constructed endoplasmic reticulum-targeted cationic liposomes, PAR-Lipo, which could effectively deliver genes and ensure high transfection efficiency under normoxia. Unsatisfactorily, the transfection efficiency of PAR-Lipo was rather poor under hypoxia. We believed that reoxygenation was the most direct and effective means to rescue the low transfection under hypoxia. Hence, we fabricated liposomes modified with perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB@Lipo) to load oxygen and deliver it to tumor sites, which effectively alleviated the hypoxic nature of tumor. Then PAR-Lipo were applied to mediate high-efficiency delivery of tumor suppressor gene pTP53 to inhibit tumor progression. RESULTS: The results showed that such staged strategy augmented the expression of P53 protein in tumors and extremely suppressed tumor growth. CONCLUSION: This work was the first attempt to utilize an oxygen nanocarrier to assist the therapeutic effect of gene therapy under hypoxia, providing a new reference for gene therapy in malignant tumors. GRAPHICAL ABSTARCT.

Controlling of water collection ability by an elasticity-regulated bioinspired fiber.

A special artificial spider silk is presented which is fabricated by using both an elastic polymer and a fiber, and the water collection behavior is investigated. Through exerting tension in varying degree, the length of the three-phase contact line (TCL) and the area of spindle knot can be regulated readily, which makes a great contribution to the improvement of collecting efficiency and water-hanging ability. The water-hanging ability can be predicted at a given stretching ratio according to the given expression of the TCL. As a result, liquid capture or release of distinct measure can be achieved via exerting tension. This research is helpful to design smart materials for developing applications in fogwater collection, dehumidification, high-efficiency humidity control, and controllable adhesion.

Aldehyde modified nanocellulose-based fluorescent hydrogel toward multistage data security encryption.

In view of the insecurity of encode information storage based on fluorescence switch single-stage encryption, a fluorescent hydrogel for multistage data security encryption were proposed, named as polyvinyl alcohol/dialdehyde cellulose nanofibrils/carbon quantum dots hydrogel. Herein, the interpenetrating network was formed by chemically crosslinking between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dialdehyde cellulose nanofibrils (DACNF). Additionally, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (CDs) synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method were introduced into the above hydrogel system by hydrogen bonds. The resultant fluorescent hydrogels possessed high stretchability up to 530 %, good strength of 0.96 MPa, Fe3+-responsive fluorescence quenching, fluorescence recovery triggered by ascorbic acid and borax-triggered shape memory. Moreover, various complex 3D hydrogel geometries were fabricated by folding/assembling 2D fluorescent hydrogel sheets, extending data encryption capability from 2D plane to 3D space. More remarkably, the 3D data encryption-erasing process of fluorescent hydrogel was realized by the strategy of alternating treatment of Fe3+ solution and ascorbic acid solution. This work provided a facile and general strategy for constructing high security important information encryption and protection.

Additive manufacturing of dental ceramics in prosthodontics: The status quo and the future.

PURPOSE: This review aims to summarize the available technologies, material categories, and prosthodontic applications of additive manufacturing (AM) dental ceramics, evaluate the achievable accuracy and mechanical properties in comparison with current mainstream computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) subtractive manufacturing (SM) methods, and discuss future prospects and directions. STUDY SELECTION: This paper is based on the latest reviews, state-of-the-art research, and existing ISO standards on AM technologies and prosthodontic applications of dental ceramics. PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were amongst the sources searched for narrative reviews. RESULTS: Relatively few AM technologies are available and their applications are limited to crowns and fixed partial dentures. Although the accuracy and strength of AM dental ceramics are comparable to those of SM, they have the limitations of relatively inferior curved surface accuracy and low strength reliability. Furthermore, functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), a potential direction for AM, enables the realization of biomimetic structures, such as natural teeth; however, specific studies are currently lacking. CONCLUSIONS: AM dental ceramics are not sufficiently developed for large-scale clinical applications. However, with additional research, it may be possible for AM to replace SM as the mainstream manufacturing technology for ceramic restorations.

Distraction osteogenesis promotes temporomandibular joint self-remodeling in the treatment of mandibular deviation caused by condylar ankylosis.

Craniofacial deformity and malocclusion are primary concerns following temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJa) in growing patients, and they pose even greater challenges in adult patients. The treatment objectives always involve restoring proper jawbone structure, achieving stable occlusion, and attaining satisfactory joint mobility. This report presents a 4-year follow-up of an adult patient with TMJa-induced mandibular deviation, who underwent a combined treatment approach involving distraction osteogenesis (DO) and orthodontic-orthognathic surgery. Orthodontic treatment resulted in favorable occlusion and improved facial esthetics. A new condyle with a reconstructed glenoid fossa in a forward position was established after mandibular DO and the damaged TMJ experienced self-remodeling owing to functional improvement. Thus, this case demonstrates the efficacy of DO in promoting adaptive TMJ self-remodeling with long-term stability when treating mandibular deviation caused by condylar ankylosis in adult patients.

Aldehyde modified cellulose-based dual stimuli responsive multiple cross-linked network ionic hydrogel toward ionic skin and aquatic environment communication sensors.

Recently, materials with complicated environmentally-sensitive abilities, high stretchability and excellent conductive sensitivity are interesting actuators in future applications. Herein, we fabricated a versatile and facile polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid/dialdehyde cellulose nanofibrils-Fe3+ hydrogel integrated with programmable dual-shape memory properties, high mechanical strength, good recoverability, and heat-induced self-healing capability. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and dual metal coordination bonds of cellulose-based dialdehyde and carboxyl with Fe3+and then heating-freeze-thawing cycle treatment, the obtained hydrogel exhibited dual shape memory abilities, high tensile strain (up to 600 %), good self-recovery, and anti-fatigue properties. Moreover, the resultant hydrogel sensors showed revealed high strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 2.95) and satisfactory electrochemical performance; and such hydrogel-based sensor could be used as ionic skin to detect various human motions in real-time and barrier-free communication in the aquatic environment. The composite hydrogel with superior and versatile performances reported in this study could offer a great promise to be applied under extreme conditions as multifunctional sensors.

Neutrophil hitchhiking for drug delivery to the bone marrow.

Pharmaceuticals have been developed for the treatment of a wide range of bone diseases and disorders, but suffer from problematic delivery to the bone marrow. Neutrophils are naturally trafficked to the bone marrow and can cross the bone marrow-blood barrier. Here we report the use of neutrophils for the targeted delivery of free drugs and drug nanoparticles to the bone marrow. We demonstrate how drug-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles are taken up by neutrophils and are then transported across the bone marrow-blood barrier to boost drug concentrations in the bone marrow. We demonstrate application of this principle to two models. In a bone metastasis cancer model, neutrophil delivery is shown to deliver cabazitaxel and significantly inhibit tumour growth. In an induced osteoporosis model, neutrophil delivery of teriparatide is shown to significantly increase bone mineral density and alleviate osteoporosis indicators.

Thermal insulating, light-weight and conductive cellulose/aramid nanofibers composite aerogel for pressure sensing.

Conductive nanocellulose aerogels have attracted significant attention in pressure sensing for wearable devices owing to lightweight, sustainability and good chemical stability. Limited by its flammability and weak mechanical properties, aramid nanofiber (ANF) was designed as reinforcement to overcome the shortcoming mentioned above. Herein, the unidirectional freeze casting method was proposed to fabricate nanocellulose/aramid nanofiber (CA) aerogel. Then, the CA/PPy (CAP) aerogel was obtained by using the oriented structure of CA aerogel as a template for inducing conductive polypyrrole (PPy) in-situ formation inside the composite aerogel. The conductive aerogel with the ordered microstructure exhibited the anisotropic mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. And it could withstand high temperature without any destruction phenomenon. Moreover, the aerogel sensor revealed high strain sensitivity and satisfactory electrochemical performance. Lightweight CAP aerogel with controllable alignment, sensitive sensing property and thermal stability is very promising in pressure sensor under some extreme conditions.

MXene/wood-derived hierarchical cellulose scaffold composite with superior electromagnetic shielding.

Electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding materials that are green, lightweight, and with high mechanical properties need to be urgently developed to address increasingly severe radiation pollution. However, limited EMI shielding materials are successfully used in practical applications, due to the intensive energy consumption or the absence of sufficient strength. Herein, an environmentally friendly and effective method was proved to fabricate wood-based composites with high mechanical robustness and EMI shielding performance by a MXene/cellulose scaffold assembly strategy. The lignocellulose composites with a millimeter-thick mimic the "mortar-brick" layered structure, resulting in excellent mechanical properties that can achieve the compressive strength of 288 MPa and EMI shielding effectiveness of 39.3 dB. This "top-down" method provides an alternative for the efficient production of robust and sustainable EMI shielding materials that can be used in the fields of structural materials for next-generation communications and electronic devices.