RESUMEN
A clinical study was designed to evaluate the effect of frequent interdental flossing on the incidence of proximal dental caries. School children from a fluoride-deficient area were studied after clinical and radiographic examinations. Each child had at least one contralateral pair of intact, contacting proximal tooth surfaces between the distal surface of the primary cuspid and the mesial surface of the first permanent molar. Randomly selected test surfaces were flossed each school day with unwaxed dental floss by researchers. The contralateral surfaces served as controls. Flossing was done for eight months, discontinued for four months, and reinstituted for another eight months. A significant reduction in the incidence of proximal caries resulted.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/etiología , Dispositivos para el Autocuidado Bucal , Niño , Preescolar , Diente Canino/patología , Índice CPO , Caries Dental/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Diente Molar/patología , Diente Primario/patologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intentionally leaving undermined enamel (internal bevel) along the cervical margins of class 2 composites on marginal leakage. Conventional MO and DO cavity preparations were prepared in 25 extracted permanent premolars. In each tooth the cervical margin was a butt-joint for the control group and an internal bevel for the experimental group. A transparent celluloid matrix was adapted and the teeth were restored with scotchbond Multi-Purpose and increments of Z100. A U-shaped increment was attached to the buccal and lingual walls and cervical floor of the box, leaving a gap for a middle increment. A third increment filled the occlusal part of the cavity. Following thermocycling the teeth were immersed in basic fuchsin for 24 hours, and 0.5 mm-wide sections were cut in a mesiodistal direction. Dye penetration was scored: 0 = no penetration; 1 = dye along enamel tooth interface; 2 = dye along the gingival floor; 3 = dye along pulpal wall; 4 = dye penetration into dentinal tubules. The experimental group showed 17 teeth (68%) with no dye penetration, compared to eight (32%) in the control group. Severe dye penetration (score 4) was found in only four teeth (16%) of the experimental group and 12 (48%) of the controls. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test; P < 0.01). This study showed that an internal bevel at the cervical margins of class 2 composite restorations reduces marginal leakage when compared to a conventional butt-joint cavity preparation.
Asunto(s)
Resinas Compuestas , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental , Filtración Dental/prevención & control , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Cementos de Resina , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/métodos , Adaptación Marginal Dental , Recubrimientos Dentinarios , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Dióxido de Silicio , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , CirconioRESUMEN
Space control has been distinguished from space maintenance. The difference is not a semantic one. Space control calls upon the dentist to apply his knowledge of occlusal development to the patient's condition. It infers assessment and re-evaluation. Space maintenance, unfortunately, sometimes becomes a routine or mechanical placement of appliances. This article has reviewed some of the variables to be considered when effecting space control: the factors that dictate appliance selection and some of the more common appliances used for space control today. No formula has been recommended for the application of appliances. Rather, the dentist has been urged to review the variables and re-evaluate his decisions according to the dynamic development of the patient's dentition.
Asunto(s)
Dentición Mixta , Dentición , Mantenimiento del Espacio en Ortodoncia/métodos , Diente Primario , Resinas Acrílicas , Adolescente , Determinación de la Edad por los Dientes , Proceso Alveolar/anatomía & histología , Anquilosis/cirugía , Niño , Coronas , Arco Dental/anatomía & histología , Músculos Faciales/fisiología , Humanos , Boca/fisiología , Odontometría , Aparatos Ortodóncicos , Aparatos Ortodóncicos Removibles , Cooperación del Paciente , Factores de Tiempo , Diente/anatomía & histología , Anomalías Dentarias/cirugía , Enfermedades Dentales/cirugía , Erupción Dental , Extracción Dental , Diente Primario/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Removable orthodontic appliances, perhaps more than any other form of mechanical therapy for the movement of teeth, are applicable to general practice. Far too frequently, however, the clinician limits his appliance design to a selective number of appliances with which he is conversant and attempts to modify any one of them to fit a specific situation. This article suggests a different approach. A specific appliance has not been recommended for a specific situation. Instead, the principles of removable appliance design have been elaborated upon according to an established plan. Adherence to the principles should enhance the clinician's ability to provide a more effective and efficient service for his young patients.
Asunto(s)
Aparatos Activadores , Aparatos Ortodóncicos Removibles , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental , Aparatos de Tracción Extraoral , Estrés Mecánico , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
When saliva is sampled to estimate S. mutans, variables may influence the results. The purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability of the tongue depressor for saliva sampling, and whether the sampling time during the day influences S. mutans counts. The study population consisted of 27 children, between 24 and 66 months of age. Samples of unstimulated saliva were gathered on tongue blades four times during the day for each subject. Paired samples representing both sides of the tongue blades were inoculated onto elevated agar plates containing a selective medium, and anaerobically incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hr. After examining 76 paired samples of saliva, no significant differences in S. mutans counts were found between sides of the spatula, suggesting that the sampling technique was suitable. Analysis of variance showed significant differences within each subject over the four sampling times (P less than .01). A significant difference was found between subjects' daily averages (P less than .05).
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Actividad de Caries Dental , Saliva/microbiología , Manejo de Especímenes/instrumentación , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Preescolar , Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , LenguaRESUMEN
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the tongue blade/Rodac plate assessment method, the Cariescreen (APO Diagnostics Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada) method, and a modified Cariescreen method for S. mutans assessment. Ninety-one triple tests were done on 23 children 1 to 4 years of age, and the S. mutans counts were compared. When all 91 tests were compared, there was agreement 86.3% of the time between the tongue blade/Rodac plate assessment method and the modified Cariescreen method. When the Cariescreen method was compared to the tongue blade/Rodac (Becton Dickins Labware, New Jersey) plate technique, there was agreement 72.2% of the time. Agreement tended to be at the low and high infection levels. When the Cariescreen and modified Cariescreen methods were compared with the tongue blade/Rodac method, most discrepancies were in the moderate range of S. mutans counts. Averages and standard deviations were 80.1 vs 32.1 for the modified Cariescreen method, and 86.9 vs 90.2 for the tongue blade/Rodac method. The linear product moment correlation coefficient was +.69. Overall, the modified Cariescreen method compared more favorably to the tongue blade/Rodac plate assessment than the Cariescreen method did.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Actividad de Caries Dental/métodos , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Preescolar , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Humanos , Lactante , Saliva/microbiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of unfilled and filled sealants after conventional, bur, and air-abrasion tooth preparation. METHODS: Seventy-two extracted molars were randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, 24 teeth were prepared by pumicing and acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid. In group 2, 24 teeth were prepared with a 1/4-round bur in a low-speed handpiece and then acid etched. In group 3, 24 teeth were prepared by high-speed (160 PSI) microabrasion using 50 mu alpha alumina particles in a KCP 2000 machine. In each group, 12 teeth were sealed with a filled sealant and 12 teeth with an unfilled sealant. All the teeth were stored in artificial saliva for 7 days and thermocycled for 2000 cycles. Teeth were then sealed apically and coated with nail varnish 1 mm from the margins and stained in 1% methylene blue for 24 h. Each tooth was sectioned in three locations and ranked (0-3) for microleakage. RESULTS: There were 216 sections and 66% showed no leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Chi-square statistical analysis of the data led to the following conclusions: 1) superior results were obtained when the tooth surfaces were prepared by a bur, 2) conventionally and KCP 2000-prepared tooth surfaces yielded similar results, and 3) the unfilled sealant was superior to the filled sealant.
Asunto(s)
Resinas Compuestas/química , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/métodos , Fisuras Dentales/terapia , Filtración Dental/diagnóstico , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras/química , Grabado Ácido Dental , Óxido de Aluminio/administración & dosificación , Bisfenol A Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Colorantes , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/instrumentación , Equipo Dental de Alta Velocidad , Humanos , Azul de Metileno , Diente Molar , Ácidos Fosfóricos/administración & dosificación , Saliva Artificial/química , Silicatos/administración & dosificación , TermodinámicaRESUMEN
The purposes of the present study were to determine the effectiveness of infiltration anesthesia in the mandibular primary molars, and how patient age, tooth location, and anesthetic type relate to the quality of anesthesia. Data were derived from 66 subjects, 42-72 months old, requiring restorative treatment in mandibular primary molars. Infiltration anesthesia was provided with mepivacaine hydrochloride 2%, prilocaine hydrochloride 4%, and articaine hydrochloride 4%. After 10 min, probing, rubber dam placement, and drilling were initiated. Procedures were videotaped and ratings of comfort and behaviors were made using the SEM scale and the Frankl Behavioral Scale. The conclusions were: 1) sixty-five per cent of the subjects experienced little or no pain; 2) children who demonstrated little or no pain during injection were likely to be comfortable during successive procedures; 3) there was a high relationship between children behaving cooperatively and comfort during procedures; and 4) the quality of anesthesia was not significantly related to tooth location, age, or type of anesthetic agent.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia Dental/métodos , Anestesia Local/métodos , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Factores de Edad , Carticaína , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Conducta Infantil , Preescolar , Método Doble Ciego , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Mandíbula , Mepivacaína , Diente Molar , Cooperación del Paciente , Prilocaína , Diente PrimarioRESUMEN
The present study compared tooth-bracket bond strengths using two types of ceramic brackets and three methods of polymerization: argon laser, conventional light, and chemical. Ninety extracted human premolars were prepared for bonding with pumice and gel etchant. Using single crystal alumina brackets with silanated bases, three groups of 15 teeth were bonded with one of the three polymerization methods. Similarly, three groups of 15 teeth were bonded with polycrystal alumina brackets with nonsilanated bases. Each bonded bracket was tested on an Instron tensile testing machine in shear mode to determine shear debonding strength. Fracture sites were recorded. Results demonstrated that (1) all combinations produced shear bond strengths greater than those considered clinically acceptable, (2) the mean shear bond strengths of the single crystal alumina brackets with silanated bases were significantly higher than those of the polycrystal alumina brackets with nonsilanated bases, and (3) no enamel fractures were found on debonding the chemically cured brackets while the light and laser groups exhibited a 10% rate of enamel fracture on debonding.
Asunto(s)
Cerámica , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Rayos Láser , Luz , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Resinas Sintéticas/química , Grabado Ácido Dental , Óxido de Aluminio/química , Argón , Diente Premolar , Cerámica/química , Cerámica/efectos de la radiación , Esmalte Dental/lesiones , Esmalte Dental/ultraestructura , Análisis del Estrés Dental/instrumentación , Geles , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Ácidos Fosfóricos/administración & dosificación , Polímeros/química , Resinas Sintéticas/efectos de la radiación , Silanos/química , Silicatos , Estrés Mecánico , Propiedades de Superficie , Resistencia a la Tracción , Fracturas de los Dientes/etiologíaRESUMEN
A retrospective survey reports the use of articaine hydrochloride as an anesthetic in children under 4 years of age. Data was collected by a record audit in two pediatric dentistry offices. Articaine anesthetic was administered to 211 patients, 29 having additional administrations of the agent. In some instances, the dosages exceeded the recommended concentrations for older children. No adverse systemic adverse reactions were noted on the charts or known to the clinicians. The present report provides initial evidence for the use of articaine in children under 4 years of age.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia Dental , Anestesia Local , Carticaína/efectos adversos , Preescolar , Hidrato de Cloral , Femenino , Humanos , Hidroxizina , Lactante , Masculino , Óxido Nitroso , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
This paper reviews the incidence, etiology and location of supernumerary teeth with emphasis on premolar supernumeraries and examines the management of supernumerary premolars of three patients undergoing orthodontics. These cases demonstrate that the management of premolars is assessed individually and treatments based on potential complications, which may occur during the orthodontic and surgical management of the dentition. Progress and posttreatment radiographs are recommended for the assessment of late forming supernumerary teeth.
Asunto(s)
Diente Premolar/anomalías , Diente Supernumerario/terapia , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Erupción DentalAsunto(s)
Anestesia Dental/estadística & datos numéricos , Anestésicos , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Two case reports are given, demonstrating what appears to be two types of resorption associated with ectopic eruption. In both cases a progressive resorptive process occurred on one side and a stationary type on the other. Close follow-up is important; it resulted in a successful outcome for the patient in case 2 here, whereas the first patient required major orthodontic treatment because of the ectopic eruption.
Asunto(s)
Diente Molar/fisiopatología , Resorción Radicular/etiología , Erupción Ectópica de Dientes/complicaciones , Diente Primario/fisiopatología , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The present study used a clinically applicable microbiological method to correlate Streptococcus mutans counts and dental caries prevalence in young children. The study population consisted of 37 subjects, between 16 and 60 months of age. Using a sterile tongue depressor, samples of unstimulated saliva were obtained from subjects and inoculated onto elevated agar plates containing a selective medium. Plates were incubated anaerobically at 37 degrees C for 48 h. chi 2 and multiple regression analyses gave highly significant relationships (p less than 0.01) between dental caries prevalence and the number of S. mutans colonies.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/epidemiología , Saliva/microbiología , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Preescolar , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Diente PrimarioRESUMEN
Although there are reports on the use of fissure sealants in the United States, little information is available about the extent to which this preventive measure is used in Canada. This study reports the results of a survey of sealant use. Based upon the responses from 589 Canadian dental practitioners, it was found that 84.8% used sealants in their practices. There was no statistically significant difference in sealant use between dentists in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. However, usage increased with the number of dental auxiliaries in the practice. There also was more use of sealants in patients covered by dental insurance. Sealant usage declined the longer dentists had been in practice. Light-cured, tinted sealants appeared to be the most popular types.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/prevención & control , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras , Canadá , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Humanos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Based on the conditions of this study, the following conclusions were reached: A success rate of 70 percent seems to justify further investigation into direct bonded space maintainers. A space maintainer directly bonded to the buccal surfaces seems to be efficient in maintaining single tooth spaces. Primary-to-primary appliances were more successful than the primary-to-permanent appliances, which suggests that incomplete first permanent molar eruption and a posterior location affect appliance durability.