Plastic Additives in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter in the Pearl River Delta, China: High-Throughput Characterization and Health Implications.

Elucidation of the chemical components of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) facilitates the characterization of atmospheric contamination sources and associated human exposure risks. In the present study, we employed a high-throughput analytical approach to investigate the abundance and distribution of 163 plastic additives in ambient PM2.5 collected from 94 different sites across the Pearl River Delta region, China. These chemicals are from six categories, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalate esters (PAEs), PAE replacements, bisphenol analogues, UV stabilizers, and antioxidants. Ninety-three of them exhibited a detection frequency greater than 50% in PM2.5, while the combined concentrations of target plastic additives ranged from 610 to 49,400 µg/g (median: 3500 µg/g) across sites. By category, concentrations of PAEs (median: 2710 µg/g) were one to three orders of magnitude greater than those of other groups, followed by PAE replacements (540 µg/g) and OPEs (76.2 µg/g). Chemical-dependent exposure risks to PM2.5-bound plastic additives were characterized via the estimated daily intake and hazard quotient (HQ) approaches, which resulted in two different risk prioritization systems. Although the HQ approach suggested no or very low health concerns when considering individual chemicals, the complexity of co-concurrent chemicals in PM2.5 raises the concern on potential health risks from exposure to airborne particles and a cocktail of chemical components.

[Survey on changes in the proportion for facial aesthetics].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the proportion for facial aesthetics that may be recognized by the potential group who will do plastic surgery in the future. 
 Methods: We measured the celebrity photos, who were born before 1980 recognizable by the people over 40 years old or by high school students. The proportions for facial aesthetics recognizable by these two generations were obtained and compared. 
 Results: Compared the new generation of male celebrities with the older generation of male celebrities, the difference was statistically significant by the independent samples t test (t=-2.502, P<0.05), while other ratios were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared the new generation of female celebrities with the older generation of female celebrities, the difference was statistically significant by the independent samples t test. The ratios between inter-canthic diameter and eyeslit breadth, mouth breadth and eyeslit breadth, stirnhohe and 1/3 of the physiognomic facial height, nasal height and 1/3 of the physiognomic facial height were significantly different (P<0.05), while other ratios were not significantly different (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: The young new generation loves more larger eyeslit breadth for men, while a larger eyeslit breadth, smaller bizygomatic breadth and sharper chin for women.