Acute 1,2-Dichloropropane Poisoning due to Ingestion of Rubber Cement: An Autopsy Case Report and Review.

ABSTRACT: 1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) is a common industrial solvent and chemical intermediate that can cause acute poisoning to humans through exposure during its production and industrial use. The target organs of 1,2-DCP include the eyes, respiratory system, liver, kidney, central nervous system, and skin. Forensic identification of 1,2-DCP poisoning is difficult because of the lack of characteristic pathological changes. This article reports an autopsy case of acute 1,2-DCP poisoning caused by self-ingestion of rubber cement. A woman developed seizures and coagulation dysfunction after ingesting approximately 10 mL of rubber cement and died 43 hours later. Autopsy revealed generalized subcutaneous hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary multifocal hemorrhage, bronchopneumonia, severe cerebral edema, focal hepatic necrosis, granular deposition in the glomerular capsule and renal tubules, and delipidation of the adrenal cortex. These findings indicate that 1,2-DCP poisoning can induce central nervous system dysfunction, respiratory system damage, liver and kidney function damage, hemolytic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and adrenal damage. This case may provide useful perspectives for forensic identification of 1,2-DCP poisoning in the future.

Main-Side Chain Hydrogen Bonding-Based Self-Healable Polyurethane with Highly Stretchable, Excellent Mechanical Properties for Self-Healing Acid-Base Resistant Coating.

Developing an autonomous self-healing polyurethane (PU) elastomer with excellent mechanical properties and high ductility has attracted increasing attention. Nowadays, the synthesis of elastomers with excellent mechanical properties and rapid self-healing at room temperature faces a huge challenge. Herein, This work reports a new supramolecular PU with excellent mechanical properties and rapid self-healing at room temperature through the introduction of T-type chain extender into the supramolecular polymer chain. The introduction of T-chain extender can be used to enhance the mechanical strength of PU, and the multiple hydrogen bonds on the side-chain provide theoretical support for the rapid self-healing ability of PU. Maximum stress of the synthesized PU can reach 3.4 ± 0.15 Mpa, and maximum elongation at break can reach 3200% ± 160%. Due to flexibility and re-constructability of side-chain hydrogen bonds, PU stress repair efficiency can reach 96.7%, and can be self-healing scratches rapidly and effectively at room temperature. The mechanical properties and self-healing properties of PU can be adjusted by the content of T-type chain extender. The PU is applied to the metal surface coating, which has excellent acid-base resistance, bond strength up to 2.9 ± 0.1 Mpa, and the ability to eliminate local damage on the coating surface quickly at room temperature.

Ferrocene Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticle Nanosystem with Efficient Near-Infrared-Light-Promoted Fenton-Like Reaction for Tumor Growth Suppression.

By taking advantage of the efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between near-infrared (NIR)-responsive lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and Fenton reagent ferrocenyl compounds (Fc), a series of Fc-UCNPs was designed by functionalizing NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanoparticles with Fc1-Fc5 via surface-coordination chemistry. Fc-UCNP-Lipo nanosystems were then constructed by encapsulating Fc-UCNP inside liposomes for efficient delivery. Fc-UCNP can effectively release ·OH via a NIR-promoted Fenton-like reaction. In vitro and in vivo studies of Fc1-UCNP-Lipo confirmed the preferential accumulation in a tumor site followed by an enhanced uptake of cancer cells. After cellular internalization, the released Fc1-UCNP can effectively promote ·OH generation for tumor growth suppression. Such a Fc1-UCNP-Lipo nanosystem exhibits advantages such as easy fabrication, low drug dosage, and no ferrous ion release.

Robustness Testing of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Monotherapy Following Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation.

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppression risks are a major concern with vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). As an emerging strategy, the antirejection role played by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is receiving attention. However, the current literature reports are inconclusive regarding the robustness of the MSC monotherapy. Using a rat forelimb VCA model, this study tested the robustness of the immunomodulation efficacy of gingival-derived MSCs (GMSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). METHODS: Forelimbs were transplanted on pairs of major histocompatibility complex-incompatible rats (Wistar-Kyoto donor, Lewis [LEW] recipient). Twenty-four LEW rats were randomly divided into four groups, including control (no treatment) and three treatment groups: rapamycin (2 mg/kg/day for 28 days, postoperatively), BMMSC and GMSC, both of which received donor-derived stem cells administered intravenously on postoperative days (PODs) 0, 3, 7, and 14. Rejection was considered as 80% skin necrosis of the allograft. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) was performed to evaluate healing at osteosynthesis site. On POD 14, limbs from each group underwent histological analysis and rejection grading using the Banff system. RESULTS: Both BMMSC (15.0 days) and GMSC (14.7 days) treatment failed to prolong VCA survival in comparison with the control group (13.8 days; p > 0.050), while the rapamycin significantly delayed acute VCA rejection (24.5 days; p = 0.003). Micro-CT imaging revealed no gross visual difference across all groups. Histology revealed that the control group was most severely affected (grades III and IV) followed by MSC (grade II) and rapamycin (grade I). CONCLUSION: MSC monotherapy, both BMMSC and GMSC, did not inhibit rejection in our VCA model. Skin immunogenicity is an important issue in promoting rejection, and a concomitant immunosuppression regimen should be considered to prolong allograft survival.

Mycoremediation of manganese and phenanthrene by Pleurotus eryngii mycelium enhanced by Tween 80 and saponin.

Bioremediation of areas co-contaminated with metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by mushrooms has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this study, Pleurotus eryngii was introduced for the removal of Mn and phenanthrene (Phe) from potato liquid medium (PDL) simultaneously. Effects of Tween 80 and saponin on P. eryngii growth together with Mn uptake as well as Phe removal were investigated. Although pollutants had a negative effect on mycelial morphology and growth, P. eryngii could still tolerate and remove Mn and Phe. Tween 80 increased removal of Mn and Phe through increase of P. eryngii growth, Phe solubility, pollutants bioavailability, and specific surface area of mycelium pellets, moreover, the activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, which played an important role on PAHs biodegradation. The maximal removal of Mn and Phe was achieved (92.17 and 93.85 % after 15 days incubation, respectively) with 0.6 g L(-1) Tween 80. Treatments with saponin markedly inhibited P. eryngii growth (50.17-66.32 % lower relative to control) due to its fungistatic activity. Nevertheless, saponin could slightly enhance Phe removal through increasing solubility of Phe, and Phe removal rate varied from 80.53 to 87.06 % in saponin treatments. Joint stress of Mn and Phe induced a strong antioxidative response, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased in surfactants-treated mycelium compared with control. Generally, Tween 80 was more suitable for strengthening mycoremediation by P. eryngii than saponin, and could be a promising alternative for the remediation of heavy metals and PAHs co-contaminated sites by mushrooms.

The environmental impact of mask-derived microplastics on soil ecosystems.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increased number of masks were used and improperly disposed of. For example, the global monthly consumption of approximately 129 billion masks. Masks, composed of fibrous materials, can readily release microplastics, which may threaten various soil ecosystem components such as plants, animals, microbes, and soil properties. However, the specific effects of mask-derived microplastics on these components remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the effects of mask-derived microplastics (grouped by different concentrations: 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 % w/w) on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida) under laboratory conditions for 80 days. Our findings suggest that mask-derived microplastics reduced soil bulk density while increasing the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates and modifying nutrient levels, including organic matter, potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. An increase in the abundance of denitrification bacteria (Rhodanobacteraceae) was also observed. Mask-derived microplastics were found to reduce lettuce germination, and a hormesis effect of low-concentration stimulation and high-concentration inhibition was observed on biomass, chlorophyll, and root activity. While the mortality of earthworms was not significantly affected by the mask-derived microplastics, but their growth was inhibited. Collectively, our results indicate that mask-derived microplastics can substantially impact soil properties, plant growth, and earthworm health, with potential implications for soil ecosystem functionality.

Microanatomic study of the vascular and duct system of the submandibular gland.

PURPOSE: Autologous microvascular submandibular gland (SMG) transfer is an effective treatment for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). However, epiphora (excessive tear secretion) may occur after the successful transfer of whole submandibular gland because tear secretion level is closely related to the size of the transferred gland. The aim of this study was to investigate the microanatomy of SMG to explore the possibility of partial SMG transfer to prevent postoperative epiphora. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty intact and histologically normal human SMGs from patients with benign tumor of the mandible who underwent vascularized mandibular reconstruction and removal of the SMG for anastomosis of the blood vessels were included in the study. SMGs were perfused with methacrylate to form resin casts of blood vessels and ducts. The length and diameter of the blood vessels and ducts in the casts were measured using a sliding caliper. The numbers of lobules, distribution of arteries, veins, and ducts, as well as the relationship among them, were analyzed. RESULTS: The resin cast of the gland showed a treelike structure, with the vessels gradually dividing into multiple branches. The arteries, veins, and ducts run in parallel and were roughly divided into 3 levels: from the stem extending into the main branches (level I), into the narrower secondary branches (level II), and then the secondary branches subsequently divided into terminal branches (level III). The structures of the blood vessels and ducts were similar at each level in the lobules. In the vein casts, communicating vessels were found between the anterior facial vein and the concomitant vein of the facial artery. CONCLUSION: The characteristic treelike structure of the SMG vascular and ductal system may provide useful information for partial gland transfers.

Comparison between dexmedetomidine and esketamine in pediatric dentistry surgery.

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (D) and esketamine (K) are used for the sedation of pediatric dental surgery. This study was designed to compare the effect of intranasal D and K in producing moderate sedation for uncooperative pediatric dental patients. METHODS: This prospective single-center cohort study was conducted at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province after approval of the Medical Ethics Committee. One hundred and fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II patients aged 3-10 years who were uncooperative and could not be managed by conventional behavior management techniques were included in this study. Patients were classified into four groups. Group K was administered with esketamine (0.5 mg/kg), and group D was given D1 (1 µg/kg), D2 (1.5 µg/kg), or D3 (2.0 µg/kg) intranasally. The outcome measurements included the sedation level, changes in vital signs, sedation onset and recovery times, analgesia, behavior, and overall success. RESULTS: The sedation onset time was significantly shorter for K and D3 compared with D1 and D2. The recovery time was fastest in group D1. The overall success rate was highest in group D3, followed by the D2, D1, and K groups; however, the difference between them was not significant. The intra-and postoperative pain scores in the D3 and K groups were significantly lower than those in the D1 group. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal D and K are effective in producing moderate sedation for uncooperative pediatric dental patients.

Clinical and anatomic study on the ducts of the submandibular and sublingual glands.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the ducts of the submandibular gland (SMG) and sublingual gland (SLG) and discuss its clinical application relating to SMG radiologic examinations and transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microanatomy of the SMG and SLG was investigated by use of 30 adult cadavers through anatomic dissection by use of a microscope. The relationship between the SMG and SLG ducts was observed and recorded during operations of microvascular autologous SMG transfer in 63 cases of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. RESULTS: There were 3 patterns of SLG and SMG duct anatomic variation: 1) The SMG and SLG have their own respective ducts that secrete separately at the orifices of the ducts in the floor of the mouth. 2) The SLG has a major duct that joins the duct of the SMG. 3) The SLG only has many fine ducts (7-15) that secrete in the floor of the mouth. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomy of the ducts of the SMG and SLG is quite complicated. More attention should be paid to the anatomy of the ducts during surgery or imaging procedures related to the SMG.

DP7-C-modified liposomes enhance immune responses and the antitumor effect of a neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine.

To date, many clinical trials have been carried out with neoantigen-specific mRNA vaccines, and positive results have been achieved. However, further improvements in the efficiency of the intracellular delivery of mRNA and the production of a stronger immune response are still worth studying. In this study, we used the cholesterol-modified cationic peptide DP7 (VQWRIRVAVIRK), which was developed in our previous study, with a transmembrane structure and immunoadjuvant function to modify DOTAP liposomes to create a common mRNA delivery system. This system was intended to improve the efficiency of the delivery of mRNA encoding individualized neoantigens to dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance the activation of DCs. The system serves dual functions as a carrier and as an immunoadjuvant. As a carrier of mRNA, DP7-C-modified DOTAP liposomes (DOTAP/DP7-C) could transfer mRNA efficiently into different type of DCs in vitro. As an immunoadjuvant, DOTAP/DP7-C liposomes were shown to be more efficacious in stimulating DC maturation, CD103+ DC (contributing to antigen presentation) production and proinflammatory cytokine secretion than DOTAP liposomes both in vitro and in vivo. In animal studies, the subcutaneous administration of DOTAP/DP7-C/LL2 neoantigen-encoding mRNA complexes significantly inhibited the growth of LL2 in situ and the growth of subcutaneous tumors and stimulated the production of antigen-specific lymphocyte reactions, which were superior to the DOTAP/LL2 neoantigen-encoding mRNA complex group. In conclusion, DOTAP/DP7-C liposomes may serve as a potential universal mRNA delivery system, providing a simple method to increase the efficiency of intracellular mRNA delivery and the immunostimulatory activity of DCs.

Radionuclide tolerance mechanism of plants for ultraselective enrichment of low content of thorium with exceptional selectivity coefficient.

Selective enriching low content of radionuclides from radioactive wastewater is a critical issue for environmentally benign utilization of nuclear power. Inspired by the tolerance mechanism of plants to radionuclides, we developed a pH-triggered ultraselective coordinative adsorption (CA) membrane. The as-prepared CA membrane featured the advantages of both coordinative adsorption and membrane separation, including ultrahigh selectivity coefficient of 1242, large capacity (80 L m-2) and short mass transfer distance. The adsorption isotherms of Th4+ on the CA membrane were well described by the Freundlich model (R2 > 0.99), and the adsorption kinetics have a good fitting by using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99). In a continuous separation under gravity, the CA membrane was able to selectively enrich the low content of Th4+ (0.05 mmol L-1) in the presence of 700 folds (35 mmol L-1) of co-existing ions (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Cs+ and Ba2+). The exceptional extraction efficiency to Th4+ was 100%, superior to that (3.7%) of all co-existing ions. Notably, the Th4+ enriched on the CA membrane was facilely eluted by diluted HNO3 (0.1 mol L-1). The Th4+ in the eluents was enriched by up to 54 folds. The eluted CA membrane was further reused for selective enrichment of Th4+, which showed no obvious loss of selectivity and enrichment capability. Our strategy might open up a new strategy for realizing ultraselective and recyclable enrichment of low content of irradiation contaminants from wastewater.

Enhanced bioreduction-responsive biodegradable diselenide-containing poly(ester urethane) nanocarriers.

Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have been limited for bench-to-bedside translation mainly because the stimuli sensitivity and responsive rate are not high enough to ensure sufficient drug concentration at the target sites for superior therapeutic benefits. Herein, we reported an enhanced bioreduction-responsive and biodegradable nanocarrier based on the amphiphilic poly(ester urethane) copolymers (PAUR-SeSe) bearing multiple diselenide groups on the backbone. The copolymer could spontaneously self-assemble into stable micelles in aqueous medium with an average diameter of 68 nm, which could be rapidly disassembled in a reductive environment as a result of the reduction-triggered cleavage of diselenide groups. Furthermore, the PAUR-SeSe micelles showed an enhanced drug release profile and cellular uptake compared with the disulfide-containing analogue (PAUR-SS). CCK8 assays revealed that the antitumor activity of DOX-loaded PAUR-SeSe micelles was much higher than that of DOX-loaded PAUR-SS micelles. Besides, the blank micelles and degradation products were nontoxic up to a tested concentration of 50 µg mL-1. Therefore, the enhanced therapeutic efficacy and good biocompatibility demonstrated that this drug nanocarrier had great potential for smart antitumor drug delivery applications.

Friction of sodium alginate hydrogel scaffold fabricated by 3-D printing.

A rapid prototyping technology, formed by three-dimensional (3-D) printing and then crosslinked by spraying Ca2+ solution, is developed to fabricate a sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel scaffold. The porosity, swelling ratio, and compression modulus of the scaffold are investigated. A friction mechanism is developed by studying the reproducible friction behavior. Our results show that the scaffold can have 3-D structure with a porosity of 52%. The degree of swelling of the SA hydrogel scaffold is 8.5, which is nearly the same as bulk SA hydrogel. SA hydrogel exhibits better compressive resilience than bulk hydrogel despite its lower compressive modulus compared to bulk hydrogel. The SA hydrogel scaffold exhibits a higher frictional force at low sliding velocity (10-6 to 10-3 m/s) compared to bulk SA hydrogel, and they are equal at high sliding velocity (10-2 to 1 m/s). For a small pressure (0.3 kPa), the SA hydrogel scaffold shows good friction reproducibility. In contrast, bulk SA hydrogel shows poor reproducibility with respect to friction behavior. The differences in friction behaviors between the SA hydrogel scaffold and bulk SA hydrogel are related to the structure of the scaffold, which can keep a stable hydrated lubrication layer.

Anaerobic granule-based biofilms formation reduces propionate accumulation under high H2 partial pressure using conductive carbon felt particles.

Syngas based co-digestion is not only more economically attractive than separate syngas methanation but also able to upgrade biogas and increase overall CH4 amount simultaneously. However, high H2 concentration in the syngas could inhibit syntrophic degradation of propionate, resulting in propionate accumulation and even failure of the co-digestion system. In an attempt to reduce propionate accumulation via enhancing both H2 interspecies transfer (HIT) and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathways, layered granule-based biofilms induced by conductive carbon felt particles (CCFP) was employed. The results showed that propionate accumulation was effectively reduced with influent COD load up to 7gL(-1)d(-1). Two types of granule-based biofilms, namely biofilm adhered to CCFP (B-CCFP) and granules formed by self-immobilization (B-SI) were formed in the reactor. Clostridium, Syntrophobacter, Methanospirillum were possibly involved in HIT and Clostridium, Geobacter, Anaerolineaceae, Methanosaeta in DIET, both of which might be responsible for the high-rate propionate degradation.

Preparation, degradation and in vitro release of ciprofloxacin-eluting ureteral stents for potential antibacterial application.

Drug-eluting stents with biodegradable polymers as reservoirs have shown great potential in the application of interventional therapy due to their capability of local drug delivery. Herein, poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) with three different compositions as carriers for ciprofloxacin lactate (CIP) was coated on ureteral stents by the dipping method. To simulate a body environment, degradation behavior of PLCL as both the bulk film and the stent coating was evaluated in artificial urine (AU, pH6.20) respectively at 37°C for 120days by tracing their weight/Mn loss, water absorption and surface morphologies. Furthermore, the release profile of the eluting drug CIP on each stent exhibited a three-stage pattern, which was greatly affected by the degradation behavior of PLCL except for the burst stage. Interestingly, the degradation results on both macroscopic and molecular level indicated that the release mechanism at stage I was mainly controlled by chain scission instead of the weight loss or morphological changes of the coatings. While for stage II, the release profile was dominated by erosion resulting from the hydrolysis reaction autocatalyzed by acidic degradation residues. In addition, ciprofloxacin-loaded coatings displayed a significant bacterial resistance against E. coli and S. aureus without obvious cytotoxicity to Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). Our results suggested that PLCL copolymers with tunable degradation rate as carriers for ciprofloxacin lactate could be used as a promising long-term antibacterial coating for ureteral stents.

[Research on the synthesis and spectroscopy of the copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and amino acid].

In this paper, a series of new polymers with grafted amino acids were synthesized. The purpose of the research is to develop a kind of polymer drugs with grafted amino acids for the treatment of some patients. The preparations of polyvinyl alcohol and amino acid were described by using inorganic acid as catalyst. The reaction methods were investigated in order to find the optimal conditions for the highest yield and purity. The copolymers were analysed and characterized by IR and 1HNMR. The result indicated that the reaction products were what we needed and the yield of the polymer of polyvinyl alcohol and glycine was higher than that of polyvinyl alcohol and alanine.

[Quantitative monomolecular coverage of barium glass by the silane coupling agent gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane].

OBJECTIVE: To study the monomolecular coverage of the silane coupling agent gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-MPS) on the barium glass filler surface. METHODS: Kubelka-Munk (K-M) function values of the isolated OH-groups on the barium glass filler surface, which were based on the change of gamma-MPS concentrations, were measured using the quantitative analysis of the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. When all of the isolated OH-groups on the filler surface disappeared (where the K-M function values was zero), the monomolecular coverage of the gamma-MPS molecules on the filler surface was indicated by the linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The relationship tallied with negative linear correlation between the K-M function values of the isolated OH-groups on the barium glass surface and the concentrations of gamma-MPS. Each gamma-MPS molecule occupied 0.21 nm(2) when the monomolecular coverage was formed on the barium glass surface. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study indicated the optimal amount of silane coupling agent on silanated barium glass filler during the production of resin composite.

Reversible chemistry of CO2 in the preparation of fluorescent supramolecular polymers.

The chemistry between CO(2) and primary amines was used to construct novel types of supramolecular polymers and networks. Fluorescent self-assembling gel 2 was prepared, which employs both hydrogen bonding and dynamic, thermally reversible carbamate bonds. As precursors, biscalixarenes 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 were synthesized, which strongly aggregate (K(D) > or = 10(6) M(-1) per capsule) in apolar solution with the formation of linear self-assembling polymers. Polymer 1n possesses CO(2)-philic primary amino groups on the periphery. CO(2) rapidly reacts with chains 1n in apolar solvents and cross-links them with the formation of multiple carbamate salt bridges. Three-dimensional polymeric network 2 was characterized by (13)C NMR spectroscopy and SEM. Addition of competitive solvent breaks hydrogen bonding in 2 but does not influence the carbamate linkers. Carbamate salt 9 was obtained. On the other hand, thermal release of CO(2) from 2 and 9 was easily accomplished (1 h, 100 degrees C) with retaining the hydrogen-bonding capsules. Thus, three-dimensional polymeric networks 2 were transformed back to linear polymeric chains 1n without their breakup. Multiple pyrene fluorophores, attached on the periphery of 2, cause strong fluorescence of the gel with benzene. When approximately 5% nitrobenzene was gelated together with benzene, fluorescence strongly decreases due to the energy transfer from the pyrene donors in gel 2 to trapped nitrobenzene molecules. This opens a way to switchable fluorescent materials.

[Effect of particle size distribution of dental poly (methyl methacrylate) beads on the microstructure of denture].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of particle size distribution (PSD) of dental poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads on the microstructure of denture. METHODS: It was compared and analyzed that the porosity of three groups of spherical specimens which were made of PMMA beads with different PSD at proper polymer/monomer ratios. And the final microstructure of each group was investigated using Digital High Definition Microscope. RESULTS: With proper polymer/monomer ratio increasing, the occurrence of porosity tended to decrease. The final microstructure of denture varied with PSD of PMMA beads. CONCLUSION: By means of optimizing PSD of beads, the microstructure of denture could be improved, and the occurrence of porosity could be reduced.

[Rheological properties of photo-polymerized composite resin reinforced with retentive filler].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rheological properties of the photo-polymerized composite resin reinforced with retentive filler (RF) and its rheological difference with normal filler (NF) composite resin. METHODS: Rheological properties of the composite resins, such as viscosity, shear stress and creep compliance, were measured with dynamic stress rheometer at room temperature (25 degrees C). RESULTS: The viscosity of the composite resin reinforced with RF is higher than that of NF composite resin (P < 0.01); at the beginning, the viscosity of the former has little change with the rising of shear stress and the latter decreases, then the viscosities of the two composite resins increase with the rising of shear stress as soon as over 203.18 Pa of shear stress; the creep compliance of the composite resin reinforced with RF is significant smaller than that of NF composite resin (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The rheological properties of the two composite resins have significant difference, so they have different clinical using properties.