Intermittent parathyroid hormone improves orthodontic retention via insulin-like growth factor-1.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) on the stability of orthodontic retention and to explore the possible regulatory role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in this process. METHODS: Forty-eight 6-week-old male Wistar rats were adopted in this study. An orthodontic relapsing model was established to investigate the effects of iPTH on orthodontic retention. In vitro, an immortalized mouse cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 was detected by flow cytometry to study the effects of iPTH on cell proliferation and apoptosis. By application of a specific IGF-1 receptor inhibitor, the role of IGF-1 was also explored. RESULTS: In vivo study found that daily injection of PTH significantly reduced the relapsing distance. Histological staining and ELISA assay showed faster periodontal regeneration during retention period in PTH group with increased RANKL/OPG ratio and greater amount of OCN, ALP, and IGF-1 in gingival cervical fluid (GCF). Cell experiment revealed that iPTH promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of cementoblast. IGF-1 receptor inhibitor significantly restrained the anabolic effect of iPTH on OCCM-30 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that iPTH could improve the stability of tooth movement by promoting periodontal regeneration. IGF-1 is essential in mediating the anabolic effects of iPTH.

H-type blood vessels participate in alveolar bone remodeling during murine tooth extraction healing.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate whether skeletal-specific H-type blood vessels exist in alveolar bone and how they function in alveolar bone remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H-type vessels with high expression of CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hi Emcnhi ) were immunostained in alveolar bone. Abundance and age-related changes in CD31hi Emcnhi endothelial cells (H-ECs) were detected by flow cytometry. Osteoprogenitors association with H-type vessels and bone mass were detected in tooth extraction model of alveolar bone remodeling by immunohistofluorescence and micro-CT, respectively. Transcription and expression of H-EC feature genes during in vitro Notch inhibition were measured by RT-qPCR and immunocytofluorescence. RESULTS: We verified that H-type vessels existed in alveolar bone, the abundance of which was highest at infancy age, then decreased but maintained a constant level during aging. In tooth extraction model, H-ECs significantly increased with concomitant perivascular accumulation of Runx2+ osteoprogenitors and gradually augmentation of bone mass. Notch inhibition of in vitro cultured H-ECs resulted in decreased expression levels of Emcn and hes1, but not Pecam1 or Kdr genes, with decreased expression levels of H-EC numbers, accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that H-type vessels promote osteogenesis during alveolar bone remodeling. Notch signaling pathway regulates expression of Emcn and possibly determines fate and functions of alveolar H-ECs.

[Esthetic evaluation of frontal smile on different crown heights of lateral incisor and canine].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different crown heights of lateral incisor and canine on smile esthetics perception between orthodontists and patients.
 Methods: A total of 31 orthodontists and 56 patients on smile aesthetics perception were investigated. We adjusted the height of lateral incisor and canine to get 20 kinds of anterior tooth area morphology by Photoshop and asked interviewees to grade. Scores of satisfaction were recorded by Likert method.
 Results: Subjects in the 2 groups preferred smiles with upper anterior teeth edge parallel to lower lip. There was better acceptance for longer canines and less satisfaction at shorter lateral incisors in patients. Patients also got higher discrete degree of evaluation results and more rigorous about smile esthetics than orthodontists.
 Conclusion: Orthodontists and patients have different satisfaction at esthetics of anterior teeth. Esthetics preference should be considered in orthodontic treatment schedule.

Study of aggregation induced emission of cyano-substituted oligo (p-phenylenevinylene) by femtosecond time resolved fluorescence.

The aggregation induced emission (AIE) mechanism of the cyano-substituted oligo (p-phenylenevinylene)1,4-bis [1-cyano-2-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl) vinyl] benzene (TPCNDSB) is investigated by time resolved fluorescence technique. By reconstructing the time resolved emission spectra (TRES), it is found that in solvent of low polarity, the emission is mainly from the local emission (LE) state with high quantum yield, but in high polarity solvent, the emission is mainly from the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state, which is a relatively dark state, with low quantum yield. In crystal form, the restriction of transfer from LE state to ICT state results in efficient AIE.