RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalent characteristics in children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Kunming area in 2010. METHODS: The clinical data of 13286 outpatient and inpatient children with HFMD in Kunming Children's Hospital between January and December, 2010, including 8 death cases, 715 serious cases and 12563 non-serious cases, were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Human enterovirus was detected in 8200 children (61.72%). Children infected with EV71 and CoxA16 accounted for 29.49% (2418/8200) and 53.21% (4363/8200), respectively. Seventy-five children (0.91%) were found to have a mixed infection of the two viruses. Other types of human enterovirus were detected in 1344 children (16.39%). There were significant differences in the total positive rate of human enterovirus in the four quarters of the year (P<0.01). The total positive rate in the second quarter represented the highest proportion (71.56%), and the number of patients was also highest, accounting for 52.94% of the total number of patients in the whole year. EV71 infection was common in the serious case group while CoxA16 was found to be the main pathogen in the non-serious case group. Serious cases were common in children under three years old. In the positive EV71 cases, the viral load of EV71 was not statistically different between the death cases, serious and non-serious cases. CONCLUSIONS: In 2010, children with HFMD in the Kunming area were mainly infected with CoxA16. Serious cases of HFMD were more common in those who were infected with EV71, and the majority of serious infections were suffered by children who were less than three years old. The viral load was not associated with disease severity. The highest morbidity rate was in the second quarter of the year.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , China/epidemiología , Enterovirus Humano A/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/virología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estaciones del Año , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-positive, neutrophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, strain A1g(T), was isolated from activated sludge of a bioreactor and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The isolate grew in the presence of 0-17.0â% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0-9.0; optimum growth was observed in the presence of 3.0-5.0â% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. Strain A1g(T) was motile, formed cream-coloured colonies, was catalase- and oxidase-positive and was able to hydrolyse aesculin, Tween 40 and Tween 60. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed menaquinone-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0 as major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain A1g(T) was 36.3 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the new isolate belonged to the genus Oceanobacillus and exhibited closest phylogenetic affinity to the type strains of Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi subsp. incaldanensis (97.9â% similarity) and O. oncorhynchi subsp. oncorhynchi (97.5â%), but less than 97â% sequence similarity with respect to the type strains of other recognized Oceanobacillus species. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain A1g(T) and reference strains O. oncorhynchi subsp. incaldanensis DSM 16557(T), O. oncorhynchi subsp. oncorhynchi JCM 12661(T) and Oceanobacillus iheyensis DSM 14371(T) were 29, 45 and 38â%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain A1g(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Oceanobacillus, for which the name Oceanobacillus neutriphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A1g(T) (=CGMCC 1.7693(T) =JCM 15776(T)).
Asunto(s)
Bacillaceae/clasificación , Bacillaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Bacillaceae/genética , Bacillaceae/fisiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Catalasa/metabolismo , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Esculina/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Filogenia , Pigmentos Biológicos/biosíntesis , Polisorbatos/metabolismo , Quinonas/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The pharmacokinetics of Cytarabine Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles (Ara-C-PBCA-NP) lyophilization injection in rabbits was studied. METHODS: Ara-C water solution was taken as reference, the concentration of Ara-C was determined by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic properties of Ara-C water solution and Ara-C-PBCA-NP lyophilization injection complied with two-department model. The parameters t1/2 beta and MRT of Ara-C-PBCA-NP lyophilization injection were prolonged, and CL was reduced dramatically (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ara-C-PBCA-NP lyophilization injection possesses prolonged retention time in vivo and significant sustained releasing character.