Association between Mediterranean diet and periodontitis among US adults: The mediating roles of obesity indicators.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and periodontitis in US adults and to further explore the mediating roles of obesity indicators in this association. BACKGROUND DATA: The relationship between MedDiet and periodontitis is controversial. And it is unclear whether obesity indicators are potential mediators of this relationship. METHODS: Using data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2014). Weighted binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the association between MedDiet and periodontitis. Weighted ordinal logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between MedDiet and periodontitis severity. The mediating roles of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in the relationship between the MedDiet and periodontitis were explored. Association analyses were further performed using mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) or mean periodontal probing depth (PPD) as dependent variables. The false discovery rate method was used to correct the p-values in the regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 8290 eligible participants (4159 participants with periodontitis and 4131 without periodontitis) were included. A negative association between the MedDiet adherence score and periodontitis was observed in the binary logistic regression model (adjusted odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.97, p = .001). Restricted cubic spline regression revealed a dose-response relationship between the MedDiet adherence score and periodontitis. BMI and waist circumference significantly mediate this association, with mediation proportions of 9.7% (p = .032) and 9.3% (p = .012), respectively. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression showed that the MedDiet adherence score was negatively associated with the severity of periodontitis (all p < .05). Additionally, the MedDiet adherence score was negatively associated with mean PPD or mean CAL (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a significant negative association between adherence to the MedDiet and periodontitis and a possible mediating role of obesity indicators in this association. Furthermore, studies are still warranted to confirm our findings.

Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and periodontitis: Results from a large population-based study.

AIM: To explore the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (measured using urinary metabolites) and periodontitis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Weighted binary logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to evaluate independent and joint associations between the six urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs) and periodontitis. RESULTS: In all, 3413 participants were included in this study. All six urinary OH-PAHs were present at higher levels in the periodontitis group compared with the non-periodontitis group (p < .001). Fully adjusted multivariable logistic regressions showed positive associations between the six urinary OH-PAHs and periodontitis (p < .05). Higher concentrations of OH-PAHs were also positively associated with attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and the number of tooth loss. BKMR and WQS regression yielded similar positive associations between OH-PAH mixtures and periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: PAHs and their mixture are positively associated with periodontitis, which may provide novel insights into periodontitis prevention from an environmental exposure perspective.

Association between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and periodontitis: Results from a large population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are widely utilized to mitigate the flammability of various materials. Previous studies have revealed the impact of BFRs exposure on hormonal disruption and bone metabolism which are closely related to periodontitis. However, it remains unknown the potential relationship between BFRs and periodontitis. This study aimed to explore the association between BFRs exposure and periodontitis in US adults. METHODS: The data analyzed in this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014. Twelve serum BFRs were quantified using isotope dilution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between serum BFRs and periodontitis. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were utilized to assess the association between mixtures of BFRs and periodontitis. RESULTS: A total of 3311 eligible participants were included. Serum BFRs (PBDE-47, PBDE-99, and PBDE-154) were significantly associated with periodontitis, and the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were 1.15(1.01,1.29), 1.10(1.01,1.20), and 1.12(1.01,1.25), respectively. Notably, these three BFRs were also significantly associated with the severity of periodontitis. Additionally, the BKMR model revealed a significant association between the mixture of all twelve BFRs and periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests a significant association between specific serum BFRs (PBDE-47, PBDE-99, and PBDE-154) and periodontitis and its severity. Further prospective and experimental studies are warranted to validate our findings.

Associations of Urinary Total Arsenic and Arsenic Species and Periodontitis.

AIMS: Arsenic exposure is a significant global public health concern and has been implicated in endocrine disruption and increased oxidative stress, both of which are crucial pathogenic mechanisms of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the association of urinary total arsenic and arsenic species with periodontitis and to further explore the potential mediating roles of sex hormones and oxidative stress indicators. METHODS: Data used in this study were derived from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US population. In all, 1063 participants with complete data were included in this study. Weighted logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between urinary arsenic and periodontitis. Mediation analyses were used to explore the effects of potential mediators on these associations. RESULTS: High concentrations of urinary dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), 2 types of toxic urinary arsenic (TUA2), and 4 types of toxic urinary arsenic (TUA4) were positively related to periodontitis (P < .05). After adjusting for potential confounders, the positive association remained significant (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.71). Testosterone may partially mediate the relationship between MMA and periodontitis, with mediating effects of 21.78% and 39.73% of the total effect. No significant mediation effect of oxidative stress indicators was found for this relationship. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a positive association between urinary MMA and periodontitis, and testosterone may mediate this relationship. Our findings serve as a call for action to avoid the deployment of arsenic-containing therapeutic agents as treatment modalities for oral afflictions.

Association between plasma trans fatty acids and chronic periodontitis: Results from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Trans fatty acid (TFA) consumption has been reported to harbor proinflammatory characteristics and increasing oxidative stress properties, but there has been little research into its association with periodontitis. This study aimed to explore the potential association between TFAs and periodontitis. METHODS: This large population-based study included participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2010). Weighted binary and ordinal logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the relationship between plasma TFAs and periodontitis. RESULTS: A total of 1433 eligible participants, 793 (55.3%) participants with periodontitis and 640 (44.7%) without periodontitis were included. Univariate logistic regression revealed significant associations between plasma trans-11-octadecenoic acid, trans-9-octadecenoic acid, the sum of trans-octadecenoic acids, and the sum of TFAs and periodontitis (all P < 0.01). After controlling for the potential confounders, these four types of TFAs remained significantly associated with periodontitis (the ORs and 95% CIs per interquartile range increase were 1.16 (1.01-1.33), 1.20 (1.03-1.39), 1.18 (1.02-1.35), and 1.17 (1.01-1.35), respectively). Notably, these positive associations were more pronounced among overweight/obese populations. Additionally, plasma trans-9-octadecenoic acid levels were found to be associated with periodontitis severity. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a significant positive association between certain plasma TFAs and chronic periodontitis, especially among overweight/obese populations. These findings provide new insights into periodontitis prevention from a dietary perspective.

H2O2/near-infrared light-responsive nanotheronostics for MRI-guided synergistic chemo/photothermal cancer therapy.

Aim: To develop a H2O2/near-infrared (NIR) laser light-responsive nanoplatform (manganese-doped Prussian blue@polypyrrole [MnPB@PPy]) for synergistic chemo/photothermal cancer theranostics. Materials & methods: Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto the surface of polypyrrole shells. The in vitro and in vivo MRI performance and anticancer effects of these nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated. Results: The MnPB@PPy NPs could not only generate heat under NIR laser irradiation for cancer photothermal therapy but also act as an excellent MRI contrast agent. The loaded DOX could be triggered to release by both NIR light and H2O2 to enhance synergistic therapeutic efficacy. The antitumor effects were confirmed by in vitro cellular cytotoxicity assays and in vivo treatment in a xenograft tumor model. Conclusion: The designed H2O2/NIR light-responsive MnPB@PPy-DOX NPs hold great potential for future biomedical applications.

Polydopamine-mediated bio-inspired synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging guided photothermal cancer therapy.

Copper sulfide nanoparticles(CuS NPs) have attracted considerable interest in the field of photothermal therapy(PTT) due to its low cost, easy preparation and favorable photothermal effect. However, lack of reliable visualization and relatively poor biocompatibility restrict its further bio-application. To overcome these limitations, polydopamine(PDA, a melanin-like biopolymer) stabilized CuS NPs and further chelated with iron ions (denoted as CuPDF) were designed as a versatile nanoplatform for T1-weighted MR imaging-guided PTT. In this system, PDA served as both bio-template to synthesis CuS NPs and an active platform to give MRI diagnostic capability. The as-prepared CuPDF NPs demonstrated strong absorption at NIR region, nearly three times higher than that of pure PDA NPs at 808 nm. Moreover, toxicity studies and histology evalution verified that CuPDF NPs possess excellent biocompatibility. In addition, CuPDF NPs showed significant MRI signal enhancement with high longitudinal relaxivity (r1 = 4.59 mM-1 s-1). In vivo MRI and biodistribution test confirmed the efficient accumulation of CuPDF NPs in the tumor region. After intravenous injection of CuPDF, irreversible tumor ablation was successfully achieved without inducing any obvious side effects by using 808-nm laser irradiation. All in all, these results indicated that the developed CuPDF NPs hold great potential as an effective theranostic agent for MR imaging guided PTT in vivo.

[Clinical analysis of colour distribution in tetracycline teeth].

PURPOSE: To analyze the colour range and distribution of tetracycline teeth, and the difference from normal teeth. METHODS: 142 cases with 468 anterior tetracycline teeth and 100 cases with 200 normal anterior teeth were collected. The color was measured by a computer-aided Shade-Eye NCC colorimeter, and expressed in terms of 3 coordinate values (L,a,b) of the CIE-1976-Lab color system. Chroma (Cab)and hue (h(ab) degrees)were calculated according to the value of a and b. The data were analyzed with SAS6.12 software package for description, Student's t test and Duncan test. RESULTS: The range of L, a, b Cab, h(ab) degrees of tetracycline teeth was 42.33-77.00, -0.6-9.6, 2.67-31.5, 5.24-31.89, 38.62 degrees-95.47 degrees, respectively. Significant difference of L value and hue (h(ab) degrees) was found between tetracycline teeth and normal teeth (P < 0.01), which indicated that tetracycline teeth were darker and redder than normal teeth. There was no difference of chroma (Cab) between tetracycline teeth and normal teeth (P > 0.05). Moreover there was significant difference of L value between canine and central incisor, and of H value (h(ab) degrees) between canine and lateral incisor in tetracycline teeth, which indicated that canine was darker and redder than incisor, and redder than lateral incisor, but there was no significant difference in chroma (Cab) among all anterior teeth and no difference in L, a, b between central incisor and lateral incisor. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed the color distribution of tetracycline teeth was wider and more dispersive than normal teeth, and much darker and redder than normal teeth. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline

[Treatment of advanced periodontal and periapical lesion caused by malformed lingual groove with guided tissue regeneration: report of one case].

This paper reported one case with severe periodontal lesions caused by malformed lingual groove treated by guided tissue regeneration. The periodontal lesion was exposed palatally after the tooth had been treated with root canal therapy, the alveolar bone and the root surface was prepared, an unabsorbable member of e-PTFE was placed into the wound,and removed after 4 weeks, the patient was followed up for 3 years. The lesion recovered well three years after the operation, all of the periodontal tissue was in a healthy condition. It is advisable that guided periodontal tissue regeneration can be used as a new method to treat periodontal destruction induced by malformed lingual groove.