[Anaphylactoid reactions inducing effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata injection on beagle].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitization effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations on Beagle. METHODS: Beagles, a kind of animal highly sensitive to sensitizing agents, were randomly divided into 18 groups, 3 in each group. They received respectively the intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 made by different factories in different concentrations (0.25%, 0.10%, 0.05%), and Houttuynia cordata Injection containing polysorbate 80 in concentration of 0.25% or 0.30%, with the constant infusing speed of 5 mL/min and volume of 10 mL/kg. Changes of animals' condition were observed before infusion and in the 24 h after infusion, time of symptom appearance and disappearance was recorded, and the grade of response was determined. Moreover, blood samples of animals were collected before infusion and 10 min after ending infusion for measuring histamine content in plasma using ELISA. Then the sensitization effect was comprehensively estimated by combined consideration of the responding grade and histamine level. RESULTS: No typical symptom of anaphylactoid reaction and over 1-fold increase of histamine level was found in all groups that received intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations. Estimation showed that all test solutions didn't induce typical anaphylactoid reaction on Beagle. CONCLUSIONS: Considering both the appearance of symptoms and the elevation of blood content of histamine could be taken as the criteria for comprehensive diagnosis of anaphylactoid reactions. The solubilization effect and safety (for foreclose anaphylactoid reaction) of polysorbate 80 could be ensured by controlling its quality and concentration below 0.25% or 0.30%.

Current treatment status and barriers for patients with chronic HCV infection in mainland China: A national multicenter cross-sectional survey in 56 hospitals.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health problem worldwide. China, as the country with the largest number of HCV infections in the world, plays a significant role in eliminating hepatitis C. Due to different financial situations and education background, hepatitis C patients take different actions for their disease treatment and management. Therefore, antiviral treatment status should be attached great importance to learn the medical demand of patients. A nationwide, multicenter survey was conducted from July 2015 to June 2016. Of 1798 inpatients and outpatients with chronic HCV from 56 hospitals participated in the survey. Each patient completed the questionnaire with questions about his/her antiviral therapy status, perception of treatment barriers, and expectations for future treatment. In total 1622 patients, including 1241 with chronic hepatitis C, 344 with cirrhosis, and 37 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, fulfilled data collection requirements and finally were included in analysis. Overall, up to 30.7% of the patients had not or currently does not intend to receive antiviral therapy. The main reason was expecting more potent and well-tolerance medication (31.5%), followed by the fear of interferon related side effects (27.5%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the patient's annual income, the severity of HCV, and comorbidity were independent predictors of not receiving antiviral therapy. The whole patients were expecting more potent and well tolerance medication available soon. In summary, Peg-IFN/RBV treatment regimen cannot meet the need of patients well, and safe and efficient direct-acting antivirals are urgently needed in mainland China.

Simultaneous determination of Se, trace elements and major elements in Se-rich rice by dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS) after microwave digestion.

A quick and accurate method was devised to determine Se, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn in Se-rich rice samples by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Spectral interferences on Se were eliminated using methane as a reaction gas in the dynamic reaction cell (DRC). Rhodium was used as an internal standard to compensate for sample matrix effects. A rice-certified reference material (CRM) (GBW 10010) was used to verify the accuracy of the method. The method detection limits were 0.001-0.03 mg/kg, analyte recoveries were 85-108% and precisions (RSDs) ranged from 2.1% to 5.8%. Correlation analysis showed that the Se concentrations in the Se-rich rice samples correlated well with the Cu concentrations (r=0.53, p<0.05).