RESUMEN
To improve animal growth, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) expression vectors that maintain constant GHRH expression can be directly injected into muscles. To deliver the GHRH expression vectors, biodegradable microspheres have been used as a sustained release system. Although administering GHRH through microspheres is a common practice, the intergenerational effects of this delivery system are unknown. To investigate the intergenerational effects of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) encapsulated plasmid-mediated GHRH supplements, pCMV-Rep-GHRH microspheres were injected into pregnant mice. Growth and expression of GHRH were measured in the offspring. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry reveal GHRH expression 3-21 days post-injection. The proportion of GH-positive cells in the GHRH treated offspring was 48.2% higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). The GHRH treated offspring were 6.15% (P < 0.05) larger than the control offspring. At day 49 post-injection, IGF-I serum levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. This study confirms that intramuscular expression of GHRH mediated by PLGA microspheres significantly enhances intergenerational growth.
Asunto(s)
Hormona Liberadora de Hormona del Crecimiento/biosíntesis , Hormona Liberadora de Hormona del Crecimiento/genética , Plásmidos/administración & dosificación , Plásmidos/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Hormona Liberadora de Hormona del Crecimiento/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico , Ratones , Microesferas , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Adenohipófisis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Adenohipófisis/metabolismo , Ácido Poliglicólico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Aumento de Peso/genéticaRESUMEN
In this paper, we synthesize a new ligand of 1-ethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (Phen-Np-Et) and its corresponding Cu(I) complex of [Cu(Phen-Np-Et)(POP)]BF(4), where POP is bis(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl) ether. The single-crystal structure, electronic nature and photophysical property of [Cu(Phen-Np-Et)(POP)]BF(4) are discussed in detail. It is found that the yellow emission from [Cu(Phen-Np-Et)(POP)]BF(4) owns a long excited state lifetime of 287 µs under pure N(2) atmosphere. Theoretical calculation on [Cu(Phen-Np-Et)(POP)](+) suggests that the emission comes from a triplet metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer excited state. Then, [Cu(Phen-Np-Et)(POP)]BF(4) are doped into two matrixes of polystyrene and MCM-41 to investigate the oxygen-sensing performance. Finally, sensitivity maxima of 9.6 and 3.6 are achieved by the composite nanofibers of [Cu(Phen-Np-Et)(POP)]BF(4)/polystyrene and the [Cu(Phen-Np-Et)(POP)]BF(4)/MCM-41, respectively. Both samples are highly sensitive toward molecular oxygen, owing to the large surface-area-to-volume ratios of nanofibrous membranes and MCM-41 matrix.