A Combination of Biocatalysis and Fenton-Like Reaction Induced OH• Burst for Cascade Amplification of Cancer Chemodynamic Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a novel antitumor strategy that employs Fenton or Fenton-like reactions to generate highly toxic hydroxyl radical (OH•) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for inducing tumor cell death. However, the antitumor efficacy of the CDT strategy is harshly limited by the redox homeostasis of tumor cells; especially the OH • is easily scavenged by glutathione (GSH) and the intracellular H2O2 level is insufficient in the tumor cells. Herein, we propose the Mn2+-menadione (also known as vitamin K3, MK3) cascade biocatalysis strategy to disrupt the redox homeostasis of tumor cells and induce a OH• storm, resulting in enhanced CDT effect. A nanoliposome encapsulating Mn-MK3 (Mn-MK3@LP) was prepared for the treatment of hepatic tumors in this study. After Mn-MK3@LPs were taken up by tumor cells, menadione could facilitate the production of intracellular H2O2 via redox cycling, and further the cytotoxic OH • burst was induced by Mn2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction. Moreover, high-valent manganese ions were reduced by GSH and the depletion of GSH further disrupted the redox homeostasis of tumor cells, thus achieving synergistically enhanced CDT. Overall, both cellular and animal experiments confirmed that the Mn-MK3@LP cascade biocatalysis nanoliposome exhibited excellent biosafety and tumor suppression efficacy. This study may provide deep insights for developing novel CDT-based strategies for tumor therapy.

Zwitterionic Biomaterials.

The term "zwitterionic polymers" refers to polymers that bear a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units. When these oppositely charged groups are equally distributed at the molecular level, the molecules exhibit an overall neutral charge with a strong hydration effect via ionic solvation. The strong hydration effect constitutes the foundation of a series of exceptional properties of zwitterionic materials, including resistance to protein adsorption, lubrication at interfaces, promotion of protein stabilities, antifreezing in solutions, etc. As a result, zwitterionic materials have drawn great attention in biomedical and engineering applications in recent years. In this review, we give a comprehensive and panoramic overview of zwitterionic materials, covering the fundamentals of hydration and nonfouling behaviors, different types of zwitterionic surfaces and polymers, and their biomedical applications.

A modified geometric technique to increase peri-implant keratinized mucosa.

OBJECTIVE: The free gingival graft (FGG) has been identified as the most effective method for increasing keratinized mucosa width (KMW). However, the challenge emerges in cases of extensive keratinized mucosa deficiency, where efficient utilization of the patient's limited keratinized tissue to achieve optimal results is crucial. This article introduces a modified geometric technique to address this clinical issue. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Utilizing geometric principles, the modified technique involves dividing the rectangular graft into two triangular or trapezoidal sections, which are then reassembled to form an approximate diamond shape. Through strategic cut and splice, the graft is reshaped to suit the recipient site. CONCLUSION: Preliminary observations in cases employing the modified geometric technique have increased the KMW around implants. This method enhances graft utilization and offers a viable clinical option for surgical plans aimed at widening keratinized mucosa in instances of large-area KMW deficiency. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This article proposed a modified method to increase KMW, which may be an optimal choice for patients with insufficient KMW in large area, avoiding the waste of limited graft, decreasing patient morbidity, and effectively widening keratinized mucosa.

Effects of a dual functional filler, polyethersulfone-g-carboxymethyl chitosan@MWCNT, for enhanced antifouling and penetration performance of PES composite membranes.

Ultrafiltration technology, separating water from impurities by the core membrane, is an effective strategy for treating wastewater to meet the ever-growing requirement of clean and drinking water. However, the similar nature of hydrophobic organic pollutants and the membrane surface leads to severe adsorption and aggregation, resulting unavoidable membrane degradation of penetration and rejection. The present study presents a novel block amphiphilic polymer, polyethersulfone-g-carboxymethyl chitosan@MWCNT (PES-g-CMC@MWCNT), which is synthesized by grafting hydrophobic polyethersulfone to hydrophilic carboxymethyl chitosan in order to suspend CMC in organic solution. A mixture of hydrophilic carboxymethyl chitosan and hydrophobic polymers (polyethersulfone), in which hydrophilic segments are bonded to hydrophobic segments, could provide hydrophilic groups, as well as gather and remain stable on membrane surfaces by their hydrophobic interaction for improved compatibility and durability. The resultant ultrafiltration membranes exhibit high water flux (198.10 L m-2·h-1), suitable hydrophilicity (64.77°), enhanced antifouling property (82.96%), while still maintains excellent rejection of bovine serum albumin (91.75%). There has also been an improvement in membrane cross-sectional morphology, resulting in more regular pores size (47.64 nm) and higher porosity (84.60%). These results indicate that amphiphilic polymer may be able to significantly promote antifouling and permeability of ultrafiltration membranes.

Scalable Preparation of Ultraselective and Highly Permeable Fully Aromatic Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes for Antibiotic Desalination.

Membranes are important in the pharmaceutical industry for the separation of antibiotics and salts. However, its widespread adoption has been hindered by limited control of the membrane microstructure (pore architecture and free-volume elements), separation threshold, scalability, and operational stability. In this study, 4,4',4'',4'''-methanetetrayltetrakis(benzene-1,2-diamine) (MTLB) as prepared as a molecular building block for fabricating thin-film composite membranes (TFCMs) via interfacial polymerization. The relatively large molecular size and rigid molecular structure of MTLB, along with its non-coplanar and distorted conformation, produced thin and defect-free selective layers (~27 nm) with ideal microporosities for antibiotic desalination. These structural advantages yielded an unprecedented high performance with a water permeance of 45.2 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 and efficient antibiotic desalination (NaCl/adriamycin selectivity of 422). We demonstrated the feasibility of the industrial scaling of the membrane into a spiral-wound module (with an effective area of 2.0 m2). This module exhibited long-term stability and performance that surpassed those of state-of-the-art membranes used for antibiotic desalination. This study provides a scientific reference for the development of high-performance TFCMs for water purification and desalination in the pharmaceutical industry.

Estimate of the degradation potentials of cellulose, xylan, and chitin across global prokaryotic communities.

Complex polysaccharides (e.g. cellulose, xylan, and chitin), the most abundant renewable biomass resources available on Earth, are mainly degraded by microorganisms in nature. However, little is known about the global distribution of the enzymes and microorganisms responsible for the degradation of cellulose, xylan, and chitin in natural environments. Through large-scale alignments between the sequences released by the Earth Microbiome Project and sequenced prokaryotic genomes, we determined that almost all prokaryotic communities have the functional potentials to degrade cellulose, xylan, and chitin. The median abundances of genes encoding putative cellulases, xylanases, and chitinases in global prokaryotic communities are 0.51 (0.17-1.01), 0.24 (0.05-0.57), and 0.33 (0.11-0.71) genes/cell, respectively, and the composition and abundance of these enzyme systems are environmentally varied. The taxonomic sources of the three enzymes are highly diverse within prokaryotic communities, and the main factor influencing the diversity is the community's alpha diversity index rather than gene abundance. Moreover, there are obvious differences in taxonomic sources among different communities, and most genera with degradation potentials are narrowly distributed. In conclusion, our analysis preliminarily depicts a panorama of cellulose-, xylan-, and chitin-degrading enzymatic systems across global prokaryotic communities.

Hard-Soft Thermoset Alloy with Enhanced Toughness, Impact-Resistance, and Electric Conductivity via Interpenetrated Dynamic Crosslinked Interface.

Polymer alloys (PAs) are mixtures of two or more types of polymers to enhance the properties of polymeric materials. However, thermosets with crosslinked structures are immiscible and cannot be prepared PAs. Herein, two immiscible covalent adaptable networks containing phenoxy carbamate bonds are explored as the typical polymeric materials to prepare the hard-soft thermoset alloy (HSTA) by the interpenetrated dynamic crosslinked interface (IDCI) to enhance the toughness. Specifically, two types of polyurethane covalent adaptable networks with either high stiffness (thermoset) or extensibility (elastomer) are prepared, respectively. The granules of thermoset and elastomer are mixed and hot-pressed to prepare the HSTA. The HSTA shows improved mechanical properties with a toughness of 22.8 MJ m-3 which is 14 times higher than that of hard thermoset. In addition, the HSTA shows excellent impact-resistance property after 1000 punctures. Moreover, the obtained HSTA via addition of carbon nanotubes can significantly decrease the electric resistance over six orders of magnitudes as compared to the blending method, which is due to the distribution of the carbon nanotubes at the interfaces of the two networks.

Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by altering gut microbiota composition and host immune response in mice.

AIM: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, increases the risk of systemic diseases. P. gingivalis infection is closely associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of ALD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ALD mouse model was established using a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, and C57BL/6 mice were treated with P. gingivalis to detect the pathological indicators of ALD. RESULTS: Oral administration of P. gingivalis exacerbated alcohol-induced alterations in the gut microbiota, leading to gut barrier dysfunction and inflammatory response and disruption of the T-helper 17 cell/T-regulatory cell ratio in the colon of ALD mice. Furthermore, P. gingivalis worsened liver inflammation in ALD mice by increasing the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p65, increasing the mRNA expression of interleukins-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and up-regulating the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) production. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that P. gingivalis accelerates the pathogenesis of ALD via the oral-gut-liver axis, necessitating a new treatment strategy for patients with ALD complicated by periodontitis.

Biomimetic platelet-camouflaged drug-loaded polypyrrole for the precise targeted antithrombotic therapy.

Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) affects patient's quality of life for a long time, and even causes pulmonary embolism, which threatens human health. Current anticoagulant drugs in clinical treatment are hampered by the risk of bleeding due to poor targeting and low drug penetration. Here, we used platelet (PLT)-like biological targeting to enhance the delivery and accumulation of nanomedicines in thrombus and reduce the risk of bleeding. Meanwhile, the parallel strategy of "thrombus thermal ablation and anticoagulation" was applied to increase the permeability of drugs in thrombus and achieve the optimal antithrombotic effect. Polypyrrole (PPy) and rivaroxban (Riv, an anticoagulant drug) were co-assembled into platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (NPs), PLT-PPy/Riv NPs, which actively targeted the thrombotic lesion at multiple targets in the platelet membrane and were thermally and drug-specific thrombolysed by 808 nm laser irradiation. The combination therapy resulted in up to 90% thrombolysis in a femoral vein thrombosis model compared to single phototherapy or drug therapy. The results showed that the nanoformulation provided a new direction for remote precise and controlled sustained thrombolysis, which was in line with the trend of nanomedicine towards clinical translation.

Incorporating zinc ion into titanium surface promotes osteogenesis and osteointegration in implantation early phase.

The objective of this study is to further investigate the feasibility of Zinc-Titanium implant as a potential implantable material in oral application in aspects of osteoblast biocompatibility, osteogenesis and osseointegration ability. First, we used plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technology to introduce Zinc ion into pure Titanium surface, then we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to analyze the chemical composition of modified surface layer; next, we used in vitro studies including immunological fluorescence assay and western blotting to determine responses between MG-63 osteoblast-like cell and implant. In vivo studies adopted pig model to check the feasibility of Zn-Ti implant. Results showed that in vitro and in vivo were consistent, showing that Zn ion was successfully introduced into Ti surface by PIIID technique. The chemical and physical change on modified plant resulted in the more active expressions of mRNA and protein of Type I collagen in MG-63 cells compared with non-treated implant, and the better integration ability of bones with modified implant. We confirmed the Zn-Ti implant owns the ability in promoting osteogenesis and osteointegration in early phase of implantation and is a qualified candidate in dentistry. The overview of our study can be depicted as follows.

From marine to freshwater environment: A review of the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics.

Microplastics (MPs) have been widely detected in the world's water, which may pose a significant threat to the ecosystem as a whole and have been a subject of much attention because their presence impacts seas, lakes, rivers, and even the Polar Regions. There have been numerous studies that report direct adverse effects on marine organisms, but only a few have explored their ecological effects on freshwater organisms. In this field, there is still a lack of a systematic overview of the toxic effects and mechanisms of MPs on aquatic organisms, as well as a consistent understanding of the potential ecological consequences. This review describes the fate and impact on marine and freshwater aquatic organisms. Further, we examine the toxicology of MPs in order to uncover the relationship between aquatic organism responses to MPs and ecological disorders. In addition, an overview of the factors that may affect the toxicity effects of MPs on aquatic organisms was presented along with a brief examination of their identification and characterization. MPs were discussed in terms of their physicochemical properties in relation to their toxicological concerns regarding their bioavailability and environmental impact. This paper focuses on the progress of the toxicological studies of MPs on aquatic organisms (bacteria, algae, Daphnia, and fish, etc.) of different trophic levels, and explores its toxic mechanism, such as behavioral alternations, metabolism disorders, immune response, and poses a threat to the composition and stability of the ecosystem. We also review the main factors affecting the toxicity of MPs to aquatic organisms, including direct factors (polymer types, sizes, shapes, surface chemistry, etc.) and indirect factors (persistent organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, additives, and monomer, etc.), and the future research trends of MPs ecotoxicology are also pointed out. The findings of this study will be helpful in guiding future marine and freshwater rubbish studies and management strategies.

Self-assembly of eugenol-loaded particles to regulate the adhesion of carriers on leaves for efficient foliar applications and ecotoxicological safety.

Currently, there is a pressing need to develop an agrochemical-loaded system that is both uncomplicated and efficient, thereby enhancing the adhesion of agrochemical to leaf surfaces and optimizing their insecticidal efficacy, while concurrently mitigating environmental risks. The flexible eugenol-loaded particles were synthesized via a one-step polyurethane self-assembly reaction, utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the soft segment and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as the hard segment. The increase in the length of the soft segment enhances the flexibility of the particles, thereby improving the contact area and adhesion with the foliar surface. When flexible particles are applied on the foliar surface, they can achieve satisfactory resistance to rainfall erosion. When the PEG molecular weight is 800, the residual concentration of eugenol can still reach 42.11% after 6 washes. The carrier protects the active ingredients and improves the resistance to ultraviolet irradiation. After 5 h of ultraviolet irradiation, the concentration of eugenol remained at 59.03% when PEG with a molecular weight of 200 was employed. Greenhouse experiments showed that the flexible transformation of particles greatly enhanced the application effect of spray on the foliar surface of particles. After undergoing three washes, the mortality of the particles can be enhanced by 5.4-8.4 times compared to that of emulsion concentrate (EC) sample. The enhancement of leaf retention performance reduces environmental risks caused by pesticide loss. Meanwhile, the controlled release of particles also reduces the acute toxicity to zebrafish. The toxicity selection pressure of the EUG@P800-Ps sample is 10.6 times that of the EC sample. In conclusion, the preparation process of the system is simple, and the flexible transformation is an effective strategy to improve the foliar application effect of spray and improve the environmental safety.

Isolated traumatic supraclinoid internal carotid artery dissection diagnosed by high-resolution vessel wall MRI.

BACKGROUND: Isolated traumatic supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a rare complication of blunt craniomaxillofacial trauma, and differentiation from atherosclerosis is the key factor for confirming the diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 53-year-old man was admitted because of blunt trauma to his head and face. His primary manifestations were disability of abduction of the left eye on day 2, recurrent epistaxis and a blowing murmur in the left ear on day 4. Neurological physical examination showed bilateral normal pupil diameter, a corrected visual acuity of 0.6 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye, and loss of abduction of the left eye. Craniofacial computed tomography scans revealed multiple craniomaxillofacial fractures mainly including a LeFort III injury of the left maxilla, fractures of the left ramus of the mandible, fractures of the left orbital apex, fractures of the sellar turcica, etc. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) findings showed multifocal lacunar infarcts in the left hemisphere. Cerebral angiography demonstrated severe intraluminal stenosis of the left supraclinoid ICA, which was highly suspicious of arterial dissection. A high-resolution vessel wall MR imaging performed on day 7 showed proximal intramural subacute haemorrhage and two distal intimal flaps at the injured region, both of which facilitated the exclusion of atherosclerosis and thus, confirmation of isolated arterial dissection. The patient underwent treatment with endovascular stent placement and antiplatelet agents two weeks later and had no ictus of symptomatic stroke during the next half-year duration. CONCLUSIONS: HR vw-MRI is able to assist in the diagnosis of isolated traumatic supraclinoid dissection complicated with underlying atherosclerosis.

In situ self-sacrificial synthesis of polypyrrole/biochar composites for efficiently removing short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl acid from contaminated water.

Efficient removal of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), especially short-chain ones, from contaminated water is of great challenge and is urgently called for so as to safeguard the ecosystem and human health. Herein, polypyrrole (PPy) functionalized biochar (BC) composites were innovatively synthesized by an in situ self-sacrificial approach to allow efficient capture of PFAAs with different chain lengths. Compared with conventional PPy-based composites synthesized by direct polymerization using FeCl3 as an oxidizing agent, PPy/BC composites were fabricated utilizing freshly generated Fe3+ as an oxidizing agent from self-sacrificial Fe3O4 for pyrrole monomers in situ polymerizing on BC. As a result, with the support of BC and gradual release of Fe3+, PPy overcame its tendency to aggregate and became uniformly dispersed on BC, and meanwhile, PPy could well tailor the surface chemistry of BC to endow its positively charged surface. Consequently, the composites exhibited strong sorption capacities of 3.89 and 1.53 mmol/g for short-chain perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), 2.55 and 1.22 mmol/g for long-chain perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), respectively, which were superior to those of pristine BC, commercial activated carbon, and anion exchange resins reported. Additionally, they could effectively remove 17 different classes of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (removal >95%) from actual PFAS-contaminated water, and the spent sorbent could be well regenerated and reused at least 5 times. An integrated analysis indicated that such an outstanding PFAA sorption performance on PPy/BC composites could be mainly attributed to surface adsorption enhanced by electrostatic attractions (anion exchange interaction) with the traditional hydrophobic interaction and pore filling of less contribution, particularly for short-chain analogues. These results are expected to inform the design of BC with greater ability to remove PFAS from water and the new sorbent could help water facilities comply with PFAS regulations.

Is adding biochar be better than crop straw for improving soil aggregates stability and organic carbon contents in film mulched fields in semiarid regions? -Evidence of 5-year field experiment.

Plastic film mulching is used widely to increase crop yields in semiarid areas, but improving the soil fertility in film mulched fields is also important for achieving sustainable high yields in northwest of China. In this study, a completely randomized two-factor field design experiment was conducted in Pengyang, Ningxia, China during 2017-2021. In order to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching with straw/biochar addition on the soil aggregate characteristics, organic carbon content, and maize yield. Six treatments were established as follows: control (C), straw (S), biochar (B), plastic film mulching (F), plastic film mulching with added straw (FS) or biochar (FB). After 5 years of continuous production, each straw and biochar addition treatments significantly improved the soil aggregate distribution and stability, and the average aggregate content >0.25 mm increased significantly by 47.32%. Compared with the treatments without plastic film mulching, the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the soil particles increased by 9.19% and 4.15%, respectively, under the plastic film mulching treatments. The organic carbon content of the 0-60 cm soil layer increased significantly under each straw and biochar addition treatment compared with the without straw. The aggregate organic carbon contents under each treatment increased as the aggregate particle size increased, where the straw and biochar addition treatments significantly increased the organic carbon content of the aggregates, whereas the contents decreased under the plastic film mulching treatments. The contributions of the soil aggregates >0.25 mm to the organic carbon contents of the 0-60 cm soil layer were significantly higher under FS (37.63%) and FB (56.45%) than F. Structural equation modeling showed that straw/biochar added, plastic film mulching, and a greater soil organic carbon content could significantly promote yield increases, where the straw and biochar addition treatments significantly increased the average maize by 14.6% on average. In conclusion, carbon input as straw, especially biochar, had a positive effect on improving the soil organic carbon content and maize yield under plastic film mulching farmland in a semiarid region.

Microplastic transport during desertification in drylands: Abundance and characterization of soil microplastics in the Amu Darya-Aral Sea basin, Central Asia.

Desertification and microplastic pollution are major environmental issues that impact the function of the ecosystem and human well-being of drylands. Land desertification may influence soil microplastics' abundance, transport, and distribution, but their distribution in the dryland deserts of Central Asia's Amu Darya-Aral Sea basin is unknown. Here, we investigated the abundance and distribution of microplastics in dryland desert soils from the Amu Darya River to the Aral Sea basin in Central Asia at a spatial scale of 1000 km and soil depths ranging from 0 to 50 cm. Microplastics were found in soils from all sample locations, with abundances ranging from 182 to 17841 items kg-1 and a median of 3369. Twenty-four polymers were identified, with polyurethane (PU, 37.3%), silicone resin (SR, 17.0%), and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE, 9.8%) accounting for 64.1% of all polymer types. The abundance of microplastics was significantly higher in deep (20-50 cm) soils than in surface (0-5, 5-20 cm) soils. The main morphological characteristics of the observed microplastics were small size (20-50 µm) and irregular particles with no round edges (mean eccentricity 0.65). The abundance was significantly and positively related to soil EC and TP. According to the findings, desertification processes increase the abundance of microplastic particles in soils and promote migration to deeper soil layers. Human activities, mainly grazing, may be the region's primary cause of desertification and microplastic pollution. Our findings provide new information on the diffusion of microplastics in drylands during desertification; these findings are critical for understanding and promoting dryland plastic pollution prevention and control.

Amphiphilic Grafted Polymers Based on Citric Acid and Aniline Used to Enhance the Antifouling and Permeability Properties of PES Membranes.

Water treatment technology based on ultrafiltration (UF) faces the problem of severe membrane fouling due to its inherent hydrophobicity. The use of amphiphilic polymers that possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic chain segments can be advantageous for the hydrophilic modification of UF membranes due to their excellent combination in the membrane matrix. In the present study, we examined a novel amphiphilic CA-g-AN material, constructed by grafting citric acid (CA) to aniline (AN), as a modified material to improve the hydrophilicity of a PES membrane. This material was more compatible with the polymer membrane matrix than a pure hydrophilic modified material. The polyethersulfone (PES) membranes modified by amphiphilic CA-g-AN demonstrated a higher water flux (290.13 L·m-2·h-1), which was more than eight times higher than that of the pure PES membrane. Furthermore, the flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the modified membrane could reach 83.24% and the value of the water contact angle (WCA) was 76.43°, demonstrating the enhanced hydrophilicity and antifouling ability of the modified membranes. With this study, we aimed to develop a new amphiphilic polymer to improve the antifouling property and permeability of polymer-based UF membranes to remove organic pollutants from water.

Abundance, characteristics, and removal of microplastics in the Cihu Lake-wetland microcosm system.

Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are significant routes through which microplastics (MPs) are released into the aquatic environment. Constructed wetland is an effective facility for deep treatment of tailwater. At present, research on the removal of MPs in the tailwater of STPs by multi-stage constructed wetlands is limited. This work investigated and analyzed the removal characteristics of MPs in the tailwater treatment system of Cihu wetland park in Huangshi, Hubei Province of China. The abundance/removal of MPs in the Cihu Lake-wetland microcosm system was investigated. The results showed that the multi-stage constructed wetlands achieved a total removal rate of 94.7% for MPs with 2.2 particles/L MPs in the effluent. The removal rates of MPs reached 89 and 37.5%, respectively, in the (horizontal/vertical) subsurface flow constructed wetland and surface flow constructed wetland. The abundance of MPs in receiving water of Cihu Lake substantially decreased due to the dilution of wetland effluents. This study partially bridged the knowledge gap hypothesis on the treatment of MPs in tailwater by multi-stage constructed wetlands.

Studies on competitive adsorption characteristics of bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol on thermoplastic polyurethane by site energy distribution theory.

Compound pollution of microplastics and estrogens is a growing ecotoxicological problem in aquatic environments. The adsorption isothermal properties of bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) on polyamide (TPU) in monosolute and bisolute systems were studied. Under the same adsorption concentration (1-4 mg L-1), EE2 had a greater adsorption capacity than BPA in the monsolute system. Compared to the energy distribution features of the adsorption sites of EE2 and BPA, the BPA adsorption sites were located in the higher energy area and were more evenly distributed than those of EE2, while the quantity of BPA adsorption sites was less than that of EE2. In the bisolute system, the average site energy, site energy inhomogeneity, and adsorption site numbers of BPA increased by 1.674, -17.166, and 16.793%, respectively. In comparison, the average site energy, site energy inhomogeneity, and adsorption sites numbers of EE2 increased by 2.267, 4.416, and 8.585%, respectively. The results showed that BPA and EE2 had a cooperative effect on the competitive adsorption of TPU. XPS analysis showed that BPA and EE2 had electron transfer on TPU, although the chemisorption effects and hydrogen bonds between BPA and TPU were more significant. Comparing the changes in the relative functional group content of TPU in monosolute and bisolute systems, BPA and EE2 were synergistically absorbed on TPU. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the study of competitive adsorption between coexisting organic pollutants.

Regional odontodysplasia diagnosed and treated via multidisciplinary approach: a case report.

Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a rare non-hereditary dental anomaly associated with dysplasia. Its etiology remains unclear but is known to affect both the mesodermal and ectodermal dental components, as well as deciduous and permanent dentitions. Its young age of onset and complexity has great physical and psychological impact on the affected patients. However, the clinical management of RO remains unified without standardized treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to report an RO case, the first from Jiangxi Province, China, and discuss its clinical diagnosis and treatment to provide a reference to treat similar cases more effectively in the future.