Combined risk factors and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer mortality in the Linxian general population.

We aimed to explore the association of combined risk factors with risk of death from upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia carcinoma (GCC) and gastric noncardia carcinoma (GNCC) in the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort. The NIT cohort included 29 584 healthy adults. A combined risk score (CRS) was calculated using a point system method based on 10 risk factors collected at baseline, including gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, family history of UGI cancer, drinking tap water, tooth loss and consumption of fresh fruit, eggs and meat. Possible score ranged from 0 to 31, and higher score indicated as poorer health status. Subjects were divided into three groups by the CRS (<12 points, 12 to 20 points and >20 points). The group of CRS <12 points was considered as the reference. During the 30-year follow-up, we identified 4553 UGI cancer deaths. Compared to subjects with a CRS <12 points, the adjusted HRs for CRS of 12 to 20 points and >20 points were 1.69 (95% CI: 1.56-1.83) and 3.06 (95% CI: 2.82-3.33) for UGI cancer mortality, respectively (Ptrend < .001). Comparable associations were also observed for ESCC, GCC and GNCC mortality. Results remained similar across different age groups (Pinteraction > .05). All HRs observed in the second half follow-up period were stronger than that observed in the first half follow-up period. Our study indicated that higher CRS was associated with increased risk of UGI cancer mortality. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce unhealthy lifestyles.

[Incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancers in China, 2003 to 2007].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancers from 32 cancer registration centers, 2003 to 2007. METHODS: Data from 32 eligible cancer registries were included in this study. Both crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancers from 2003 to 2007 were calculated and stratified by area and gender. Age-stratified incidence and mortality, as well as the proportions of new and death cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer were also calculated at each site. RESULTS: Mouth, tongue and salivary gland were the most predilection sites of oral and pharyngeal cancers. The crude incidence for both oral and pharyngeal cancers was 3.15/10(5) from 2003 to 2007. The age-standardized incidence rates using the Chinese population (1982) and the World Segi's population were 1.75/10(5) and 2.26/10(5). The crude mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer was 1.37/10(5) from 2003 to 2007; with age-standardized mortality rates, using the Chinese population (1982) and the World Segi's population were 0.69/10(5) and 0.94/10(5). Both incidence and mortality were higher in males than in females, higher in urban than in rural areas, and ascended with age. Age-standardized incidence and mortality in Zhongshan city ranked first among all the cancer registration areas. Age-standardized incidences by gender and area increased slightly from 2003 to 2007, while age-standardized mortalities were stable. CONCLUSION: Although the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer were low in China from 2003 to 2007, attention should also be paid since the exposure of relative risk factors did not seem to have reduced and the incidence increased slightly.