Possible association between craniofacial dimensions and genetic markers in ESR1 and ESR2.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of genetic markers in ESR1 and ESR2 with craniofacial measurements. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 146 biologically unrelated, self-reported Caucasian Brazilians with no syndromic conditions were included. METHODS: Sagittal and vertical measurements (ANB, S-N, Ptm'-A', Co-Gn, Go-Pg, N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go and Co-Go) from lateral cephalograms were examined for craniofacial evaluation. DNA was extracted from saliva and genetic markers in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and in ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated using the Chi-square test within each marker. The associations between craniofacial dimensions and genotypes were analysed by linear regression and adjusted by sex and age. The established alpha was 5%. RESULTS: Individuals carrying CC in ESR1 rs2234693 had a decrease of -3.146 mm in ANS-Me (P = 0.044). In addition, rs4986938 in ESR2 was associated with S-N measurement (P = 0.009/ ß = -3.465). This marker was also associated with Go-Pg measurement, in which the CC genotype had a decrease of -3.925 mm in the length of the mandibular body (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that in ESR1 and ESR2 are markers for variations in the craniofacial dimensions. However, further research should confirm the results.

Factors related to oral health-related quality of life of independent brazilian elderly.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the factors associated with the impact of oral health on the quality of life in a sample of 504 Brazilian independent elderly. Data collection included oral examinations and structured interviews. The simplified form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure OHRQoL. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, use of dental services, and subjective measures of health was collected. Poisson regression within a hierarchical model was used to data analyses. The following variables were associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL: female gender (PR = 1.40; CI 95%: 1.11-1.77); lower class (PR = 1.58; CI 95%: 1.13-2.20); up to 3 occluding pairs of posterior teeth (PR = 1.88; CI 95%: 1.13-3.14); at least one untreated caries (PR = 1.28; CI 95%: 1.06-1.54); curative reasons for the last dental appointment (PR = 1.52; CI 95%: 1.15-2.00); poor self-perception of oral health (PR = 2.49; CI 95%: 1.92-3.24); and poor perception of dental care provided (PR = 1.34; CI 95%: 1.12-1.59). The younger elderly also noticed this negative impact. These findings showed that the clinical, sociodemographic, and subjective factors evaluated exerted a negative impact on OHRQoL in elderly people. Health authorities must address all these factors when planning interventions on oral health for this population.