Analysis of marginal bone loss and implant stability quotient by resonance frequency analysis in different osteointegrated implant systems. Randomized prospective clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present prospective clinical study is to compare the stability of the implant-bone interface by the ISQ quotient and marginal bone loss (MBL) rate during one year of follow-up in four system implants with the same surface and different design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective randomized clinical trial of 21 patients in which four implant systems with the same surface and different design were placed. Patients were treated by the same operator following a similar surgical protocol with submerged technique. The second surgery to perform the prosthesis was performed at 3 months. All patients went to their review at 6 months and a year. A periapical radiograph for crestal bone analysis and an Implant stability quotient by resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) analysis were taken at baseline and the reviews. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the Implant stability quotient by resonance frequency analysis and Marginal Bone Loss in the four types of implants. The ISQ increased from the moment of insertion of the implant until the revision to the year, showing an increase of the stability implant, being this increasing less between the 6 months and the year. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the design of the four implants tested in this study did not show statistically significant differences in any of the variables studied, so the implant design does not influence implant stability and marginal bone loss in the first year after placement.

Relative Estimation of Water Content for Flat-Type Inductive-Based Oil Palm Fruit Maturity Sensor.

The paper aims to study the sensor that identifies the maturity of oil palm fruit bunches by using a flat-type inductive concept based on a resonant frequency technique. Conventionally, a human grader is used to inspect the ripeness of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) which can be inconsistent and inaccurate. There are various new methods that are proposed with the intention to grade the ripeness of the oil palm FFB, but none has taken the inductive concept. In this study, the resonance frequency of the air coil is investigated. Samples of oil palm FFB are tested with frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 10 MHz and the results obtained show a linear relationship between the graph of the resonance frequency (MHz) against time (Weeks). It is observed that the resonance frequencies obtained for Week 10 (pre-mature) and Week 18 (mature) are around 8.5 MHz and 9.8 MHz, respectively. These results are compared with the percentage of the moisture content. Hence, the inductive method of the oil palm fruit maturity sensor can be used to detect the change in water content for ripeness detection of the oil palm FFB.

THERAPEUTIC BLOWING TOYS: DOES THE OVERLAP OF VENTILATORY STIMULI ALTER THE RESPIRATORY MECHANICS OF HEALTHY SCHOOLCHILDREN?

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the overlapping of ventilatory stimuli, resulting from playing with blowing toys, changes the respiratory mechanics of healthy schoolchildren. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with healthy schoolchildren aged seven to 14 years old from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Spirometric data were obtained, a health questionnaire and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire were also applied. The procedure consisted of playing with the following blow toys in a random order: soap bubbles, party whistles and balloon. Before and after the intervention, the assessment of respiratory mechanics was carried out by impulse oscillometry - IOS (Erich Jaeger, Germany®). The ANOVA for repeated measures test was applied. RESULTS: 71 students of both genders with mean age of 9.7±2.1 years participated in the study. Results showed a progressive decrease of impedance (Z5), total airway resistance (R5) and resonance frequency (Fres) when the moment before the use of the first toy was compared with the moment after the third toy (Z5/p=0.048; R5/p=0.049; Fres/p=0.004). Fres also differed between the moment before the first and the second toy (p=0.048). After the use of each of the three blowing toys, the oscillometric parameters did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in oscillometric parameters of R5 before the use of each toy indicates that the overlap of ventilatory stimuli produced by them provided a reduction in the R5.

A Clinical Resonance Frequency Analysis of Implants Placed at Dehiscence-type Defects with Simultaneous Guided Bone Regeneration During Early Healing.

PURPOSE: To investigate the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of implants placed in bone with and without dehiscence bone defects over 12 weeks and to compare the ISQ values between the two groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with edentulous area at posterior mandible were enrolled. Thirty OsseoSpeed EV Astra Tech implants (Dentsply Sirona), 4.2 mm in diameter, were placed. Twenty implants were placed without bone regeneration (control group), while 10 presented with favorable bone defects and received simultaneous guided bone regeneration with dental implant placement (study group). At the time of implant placement, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was utilized. The changes in ISQ values within group were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA, and the mean ISQ values between the control and study groups were compared using unpaired t tests. RESULTS: All implants were successfully integrated without complication. The control group demonstrated mean ISQ values of 74.30 ± 6.01, 69.58 ± 5.30, 71.10 ± 5.80, 75.08 ± 3.93, and 77.85 ± 3.18 at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. The study group demonstrated mean ISQ values of 69.85 ± 7.00, 63.40 ± 8.47, 59.90 ± 10.23, 72.55 ± 3.10, and 76.20 ± 2.68 at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. The study group showed significantly lower mean ISQ values at 2 weeks (P = .021) and at 4 weeks (P = .007) after implant placement compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Within the 12-week healing period, all implants demonstrated successful osseointegration and achieved stability in favorable bone defects. Nevertheless, clinicians should consider that significantly lower implant stability can occur in the first month.

Effect of Body Mass Index on Middle Ear Resonance Frequency.

OBJECTIVE: Multifrequency tympanometry (MFT) analyzes tympanograms obtained using different probe tones between 226 and 2000 Hz. An important parameter of MFT is resonance frequency (RF). Studies have recently demonstrated that the RF value can vary depending on many factors. To provide new data regarding MFT, middle ear RF values were investigated with regard to body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 78 volunteers (i.e., 156 ears) aged 18-40 years who did not have hearing loss and whose otoscopic examinations were normal. Hearing thresholds were measured using pure tone audiometry, and RF values were recorded with immitansmetric measurements. The participants were divided into the following three groups according to their BMI: <18.5 kg/m2, Group 1; 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, Group 2; and >25 kg/m2, Group 3. The RF values were also analyzed. RESULTS: Although there was no significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 in terms of RF values, a significant difference was observed between Groups 1 and 3 and between Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: In the light of these data, BMI values should be considered when middle ear RF values are assessed.

Evaluation of dental implant stability in bone phantoms: Comparison between a quantitative ultrasound technique and resonance frequency analysis.

BACKGROUND: Resonance frequency analyses and quantitative ultrasound methods have been suggested to assess dental implant primary stability. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the results obtained using these two techniques applied to the same dental implants inserted in various bone phantoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different values of trabecular bone density and cortical thickness were considered to assess the effect of bone quality on the respective indicators (UI and ISQ). The effect of the implant insertion depth and of the final drill diameter was also investigated. RESULTS: ISQ values increase and UI values decrease as a function of trabecular density, cortical thickness and the screwing of the implant. When the implant diameter varies, the UI values are significantly different for all final drill diameters (except for two), while the ISQ values are similar for all final drill diameters lower than 3.2 mm and higher than 3.3 mm. The error on the estimation of parameters with the QUS device is between 4 and 8 times lower compared to that made with the RFA technique. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that ultrasound technique provides a better estimation of different parameters related to the implant stability compared to the RFA technique.

Effects on the torsional vibration behavior in the investigation of dental implant osseointegration using resonance frequency analysis: a numerical approach.

Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) methods are widely used to assess implant stability, particularly the Osstell® device. The potential effects associated with this method have been discussed in the literature. Torsional RFA (T-RFA), mentioned in our previous study, could represent a new measurement method. The purpose of this study was to simulate T-shaped and Osstell® transducer-implant-bone system models; compare their vibration modes and corresponding resonance frequencies; and investigate the effects of their parameters, such as the effective implant length (EIL), bone quality, and osseointegration level, on the torsional resonance frequency (TRF) and bending resonance frequency (BRF) using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Following the finite element model validation, the TRFs and BRFs for three different EILs and four types of bone quality were obtained, and the change rates during 25 degrees of osseointegration were observed. The analysis showed that an increase in the EIL and a decrease in bone quality have less effect on the declination rate of TRFs than on that of BRFs. TRFs are highly sensitive to the stiffness of the implant-bone interface during the healing period. It was concluded that T-RFA has better sensitivity and specificity.

The effects of rapid maxillary expansion on voice function.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on vocal function in patients with bilateral maxillary crossbite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed our research as a prospective, controlled, clinical study. The treatment group and the control group each had 20 subjects for a total of 40 subjects. Acoustic voice samples were recorded from all patients at T1 and T2 by the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP Model 5105) for acoustic analysis in Computerized Speech Lab (CSL). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups in the means of any parameters. CONCLUSIONS: RME does not change vocal quality or resonance, so it can be safely used with patients.

Therapeutic blowing toys: does the overlap of ventilatory stimuli alter the respiratory mechanics of healthy schoolchildren? / Brinquedos terapêuticos de sopro: a sobreposição de estímulos ventilatórios altera a mecânica respiratória de escolares saudáveis?

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify whether the overlapping of ventilatory stimuli, resulting from playing with blowing toys, changes the respiratory mechanics of healthy schoolchildren. Methods: Cross-sectional study with healthy schoolchildren aged seven to 14 years old from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Spirometric data were obtained, a health questionnaire and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire were also applied. The procedure consisted of playing with the following blow toys in a random order: soap bubbles, party whistles and balloon. Before and after the intervention, the assessment of respiratory mechanics was carried out by impulse oscillometry - IOS (Erich Jaeger, Germany®). The ANOVA for repeated measures test was applied. Results: 71 students of both genders with mean age of 9.7±2.1 years participated in the study. Results showed a progressive decrease of impedance (Z5), total airway resistance (R5) and resonance frequency (Fres) when the moment before the use of the first toy was compared with the moment after the third toy (Z5/p=0.048; R5/p=0.049; Fres/p=0.004). Fres also differed between the moment before the first and the second toy (p=0.048). After the use of each of the three blowing toys, the oscillometric parameters did not differ. Conclusions: The difference in oscillometric parameters of R5 before the use of each toy indicates that the overlap of ventilatory stimuli produced by them provided a reduction in the R5.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se a sobreposição de estímulos ventilatórios decorrentes da execução de brinquedos de sopro altera a mecânica respiratória de escolares saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal com escolares saudáveis de sete a 14 anos de idade, provenientes de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram obtidos dados espirométricos e realizada aplicação de um recordatório de saúde e do questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação dos brinquedos bola de sabão, língua de sogra e balão de forma aleatória. Antes e após a intervenção foi realizada a avaliação da mecânica respiratória por meio da oscilometria de impulso - IOS (Erich Jaeger, Germany®). Aplicou-se o teste de ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 71 escolares de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 9,7±2,1 anos. Houve redução progressiva na impedância respiratória a 5 hertz (Z5), na resistência total das vias aéreas (resistência a 5 hertz - R5) e na frequência de ressonância (Fres) ao comparar o momento antes do uso do primeiro e do terceiro brinquedo (Z5/p=0,048; R5/p=0,049; Fres/p=0,004). Fres também diferiu no momento antes do primeiro e do segundo brinquedo (p=0,048). Após o uso de cada um dos três brinquedos, os parâmetros oscilométricos não diferiram. Conclusões: Observando a diferença nos parâmetros oscilométricos da R5 antes do uso de cada um dos brinquedos, notou-se que a sobreposição de estímulos ventilatórios produzidos por eles proporcionou uma redução na R5.

Avaliação pré-operatória por imagem da hidradenite supurativa / Preoperative imaging assessment of hidradenitis suppurativa

A hidradenite supurativa (HS) é uma doença inflamatória crônica da pele caracterizada por apresentar nodulações subcutâneas, dolorosas e com sinais flogísticos, inicialmente enrijecidas e que evoluem para consistência amolecida. Ocorre em 1 a 4% da população mundial. A sua etiologia ainda é pouco conhecida, sugere-se que aconteça devido à oclusão do ducto apócrino dos folículos pilosos por fatores precipitantes como fricção de tecido adiposo, higiene precária, entre outras. Seu diagnóstico é eminentemente clínico, pela identificação de lesões típicas recorrentes em forma de nodularidades, abcessos, tratos fistulosos ou cicatrizes. Não há testes patognomônicos. Sua evolução é variável e de difícil manejo, o qual pode ser feito com terapia tópica, sistêmica ou por exérese cirúrgica. Este trabalho revisa a avaliação por imagem da hidroadenite supurativa e demonstra imagens de um caso avaliado por ressonância magnética. A avaliação por exames de imagem, apesar de pouco específica para firmar diagnóstico, é muito útil na determinação da extensão da doença, assim como na exclusão de diagnósticos diferenciais, destacando-se o papel da ressonância magnética na avaliação das lesões anogenitais, com potencial de reduzir recorrências.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful deep-seated skin nodules with phlogistic signs, which are initially hard and progress to have a soft consistency. It occurs in 1­4% of the world population. Etiology of HS is still poorly understood and is suggested to occur due to occlusion of the apocrine duct of the hair follicles by triggering factors such as friction of the adipose tissue and poor hygiene, among others. Diagnosis is eminently clinical, through the identification of typical recurrent lesions that include nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, or scars. There are no pathognomonic tests used to confirm its presence. Progression is variable and difficult to manage, which can be done with topical or systemic therapy or surgical excision. This work reviews the imaging assessment of HS and shows images of a case assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging assessment, although not specific enough for a diagnosis, is useful to determine the extent of the disease and to exclude differential diagnoses. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in the assessment of anogenital lesions and a potential to reduce recurrences.