Microneedle delivery system with rapid dissolution and sustained release of bleomycin for the treatment of hemangiomas.

Hemangioma of infancy is the most common vascular tumor during infancy and childhood. Despite the proven efficacy of propranolol treatment, certain patients still encounter resistance or face recurrence. The need for frequent daily medication also poses challenges to patient adherence. Bleomycin (BLM) has demonstrated effectiveness against vascular anomalies, yet its use is limited by dose-related complications. Addressing this, this study proposes a novel approach for treating hemangiomas using BLM-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-based microneedle (MN) patches. BLM is encapsulated during the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres (MPs). The successful preparation of PLA MPs and MN patches is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The HA microneedles dissolve rapidly upon skin insertion, releasing BLM@PLA MPs. These MPs gradually degrade within 28 days, providing a sustained release of BLM. Comprehensive safety assessments, including cell viability, hemolysis ratio, and intradermal reactions in rabbits, validate the safety of MN patches. The BLM@PLA-MNs exhibit an effective inhibitory efficiency against hemangioma formation in a murine hemangioma model. Of significant importance, RNA-seq analysis reveals that BLM@PLA-MNs exert their inhibitory effect on hemangiomas by regulating the P53 pathway. In summary, BLM@PLA-MNs emerge as a promising clinical candidate for the effective treatment of hemangiomas.

Preoperative elastoplasty of aggressive vertebral hemangiomas in elderly patients: a new strategy for reducing intraoperative bleeding and complications.

PURPOSE: Preoperative elastoplasty could be an alternative strategy for treating aggressive vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) in frail patients needing for spinal cord decompression, combining the advantages of embolization and vertebroplasty. METHODS: Three elderly patients with spinal cord compression from thoracic aggressive VHs underwent XperCT-guided percutaneous injection of silicone (VK100), filling the whole affected vertebra, followed by a decompressive laminectomy. At 12-months follow-up no recurrences, vertebral collapse or segmental kyphosis were noted at the CT scans, with patients reporting an improvement of preoperative neurological deficits, VAS and Smiley-Webster pain scale (SWPS) parameters. RESULTS: With its elastic modulus, non-exothermic hardening, and lower viscosity than PMMA, VK100 allowed a preoperative augmentation of the affected vertebral body, pedicles, and laminae without complications, with a controlled silicone delivery even in part of VH's epidural components thanks to XperCT-guidance. CONCLUSION: When facing highly bony erosive VH encroaching the spinal canal, VK100 combines the advantages of embolization and vertebroplasty especially in elderly patients, permeating the whole VH's angioarchitecture, significantly reducing tumor.

Sturge-Weber syndrome with massive macroglossia and anterior neck space infection- a case report and review of literature.

Sturge- Weber syndrome (SWS), is a rare neuro-cutaneous angiomatosis which affects male and females alike. The clinical manifestations include angiomas, haemangiomas of the lips, tongue and palatine region. The oral manifestations are usually unilateral and are susceptible to bleed. Patients can also present with macroglossia and maxillary bone hypertrophy which can lead to malocclusion of the oral cavity. Food accumulation due to occlusion can cause growth of bacteria which can intensify infections and can cause gingival hyperplasia. A case of a middle-aged 39 year old female was reported in the Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi on 2nd of February,2022 with the presenting complaints of intermittent fever and drowsiness for 10 days. On examination she had massive tongue enlargement, drooling, malocclusion, difficulty in eating and breathing. She was a known case of Sturgeweber syndrome. Based on the clinical and radiological findings, she was managed along the lines of prelaryngeal soft tissue and submandibular infection.

Foam Sclerotherapy in the Treatment of Hemangiomas and Venous Malformations.

BACKGROUND: Sclerotherapy has achieved great success in treating most venous malformation (VM) lesions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of foam sclerotherapy on infantile hemangioma and pyogenic granuloma (PG). In addition, we analyzed the data and outcomes of foam sclerotherapy for the VM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with hemangiomas and 83 patients with VMs were treated, and clinical outcomes, resolution, and complication rates were compared. Sclerotherapy data from the VM group were also analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of the patients and the distribution and tissue involvement of lesions among the 3 groups were significantly different ( p < .001). The average amount of sclerosing foam administered per session in VMs was significantly higher than that in the other 2 groups ( p < .0001) (whereas that in the PG group was lower than that in the infantile hemangioma group [ p < .0001]). However, the overall therapeutic efficacy and side effects in the 3 groups were not significantly different. For VMs, the frequency of ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy and use of 3% polidocanol increased from superficial to deep lesions, whereas the use of 1% POL decreased ( p < .0001). CONCLUSION: Infantile hemangioma and PG treatments presented good results and minor adverse reactions comparable with those of VMs.

A transfersomes hydrogel patch for cutaneous delivery of propranolol hydrochloride: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies.

OBJECTIVE: In this work, a propranolol hydrochloride (PRH) transfersomes loaded cutaneous hydrogel patch was developed for topical drug delivery in the affected area of infantile haemangioma. METHODS: Sodium cholate was used as the edge activator to prepare the transfersomes. Based on the central composite design, transfersomes hydrogel patch formulation was optimised with 48 h cumulative penetration and time lag as response values. Particle sizes and morphology of the prepared transfersomes were assessed. They were loaded in a cutaneous hydrogel patch, after which their skin permeation abilities were evaluated, and histopathological effects were investigated using guinea pigs. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetics studies were performed in rats. RESULTS: The transfersomes system had a encapsulation efficiency of 81.84 ± 0.53%, particle size of 186.8 ± 3.38 nm, polydispersity index of 0.186 ± 0.002, and a zeta potential of -28.6 ± 2.39 mV. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed sphericity of the particles. The ex vivo drug's penetration of the optimised transfersomes hydrogel patch was 111.05 ± 11.97 µg/cm2 through rat skin within 48 h. Assessment of skin tissue did not reveal any histopathological alterations in epidermal and dermal cells. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that skin Cmax (68.22 µg/cm2) and AUC0-24 (1007.33 µg/cm2 × h) for PRH transfersomes hydrogel patch were significantly higher than those of commercially available oral dosage form and hydrogel patch without transfersomes. These findings imply that the transfersomes hydrogel patch can prolong drug accumulation in the affected skin area, and reduce systemic drug distribution via the blood stream. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrogel patch-loaded PRH transfersomes is a potentially useful drug formulation for infantile haemangioma.

Feasible Removal of Facial Hemangiomas Under Local Anesthesia in Young Children.

BACKGROUND: Facial Hemangiomas are often recommended to be removed exclusively in the operating room under general anesthesia, especially for children under the age of 4. Assumed parental and patient anxiety and possible blood loss pushes surgeons away from attempting excision under local anesthesia. METHODS: A review was conducted to assess the outcomes of children who underwent excision of facial hemangiomas under local anesthesia alone by 1 plastic surgeon with a minimum of 3 months follow-up. Complications and hemangioma recurrence were recorded. A survey was given 3 to 6 months after treatment to assess parental satisfaction, anxiety, and thought process about anesthesia. RESULTS: Eighteen children (9 males and 9 females) underwent in-office excision between 2020 and 2021. The mean age of this cohort was 12 months ( ranging 2-52 m). The average facial hemangioma size was 2.088 cm (ranging 1.0-3.2 cm). Ten patients experienced complete resolution (56%) at 12-month follow-up. There were no hospitalizations or cases of significant (>10 mL) blood loss, infection, dehiscence, hematoma, or scar hypertrophy. The average level of parental anxiety before the procedure was 3.3/10, and 1.6/10 after the procedure. Total 13/14 parents gave 4/4 ratings for satisfaction with the quality of care, team responsiveness, pain management, and management of expectations. CONCLUSIONS: Facial hemangioma removal under local anesthesia alone is a safe and feasible alternative treatment method for patients younger than 4 years of age.

Congenital Epulis Diagnosed Antenatally.

Background: Congenital epulis is a benign gingival tumor whose differential diagnosis includes other oral-facial masses such as teratoma, hemangioma, lymphatic malformation and dermoid cysts. This tumor can cause obstruction of the airway or feeding problems in the newborn. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Case Report: We present a case of congenital epulis, diagnosed prenatally with ultrasonography. Conclusion: Although difficult, a defined prenatal image of congenital epulis is possible by means of accurate high-resolution ultrasonography. It facilitates the narrowing down of differential diagnosis. The confirmatory final diagnosis relies on histopathological examination.

Benign Orofacial Vascular Anomalies: Review of 47 Cases in Enugu, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: A study of oral vascular anomalies has not been conducted in Nigeria to provide baseline data for comparison with reports in the literature. AIMS: To study the prevalence and distribution of benign orofacial vascular anomalies at a tertiary hospital in Enugu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a 10-year retrospective observational study of consecutive patients with orofacial vascular anomalies, diagnosed by histology. The clinic-pathologic information was obtained from records archived in the department, and descriptive analysis was used to determine the frequency, tables for categorical variables, and a Chi-square test to determine the statistical significance. RESULT: There were 47 cases of benign vascular anomalies out of 897 orofacial lesions giving a prevalence of 5.2%. There were 35.4% (17) male and 64.6% (31) female patients. The mean age in this series was 37.4 ± 19.8 (range: 1 to 76 years). Pyogenic granuloma was the most common vascular lesion 78.7% (37), followed by hemangioma 14.9% (7) and lymphangioma 6.4% (3). The gingiva was the most frequent site of oral occurrence 65.9% (31), especially maxillary gingivae 48.9% (23). The type of orofacial vascular anomalies was significantly associated with the anatomical site of occurrence, P = 0.00. The mean ages for the occurrence of pyogenic granuloma, hemangioma, and lymphangioma were 37.7 ± 18.3, 50.7 ± 16.9 years, and 3.3 ± 3.2 years, respectively. Pain was a frequent occurrence in 36.2% (17) of anomalies. CONCLUSION: Oral vascular anomalies predominantly presented as pyogenic granuloma on the gingivae, while oral hemangioma was observed in adults, and lymphangioma was infrequent.

[Risk factors for the formation of congenital hyperplasia of blood vessels (infantile hemangioma)]. / Faktory riska obrazovaniya vrozhdennoi giperplazii krovenosnykh sosudov (infantil'noi gemangiomy).

OBJECTIVE: The aim the study. To identify correlations between the development of blood vessel hyperplasia (GCS) and risk factors in pregnant women. To identify correlations between the development of blood vessel hyperplasia (GCS) and risk factors in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A selective retrospective analysis of 173 case histories and outpatient records of patients of the Clinic of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry of the Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery for 2011-2021 was carried out. The obstetric history of the mother, chronic diseases of mothers during pregnancy and bad habits were studied. The interrelation of the influencing unfavorable factor on the isolation, prevalence and vastness of foci of infantile hemangioma was determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There was no statistically significant relationship between the harmful habits of the mother and the number of lesions, as well as the isolation of the lesion of the mandibular-facial region (CHLO) and the prevalence of the process in the child. It was found that the prevalence of the process, the isolation of the lesion and the number of foci of CHLO did not have a reliable relationship with the complicated course of pregnancy in the mother. A reliable relationship was revealed between the number of lesions in the CHLO and chronic hypoxia, between the number of defects of the cardiovascular system and the prevalence of the process. But there was no reliable relationship between the number of CCC lesions and the number of lesions. 24 patients out of 173 were premature. In these patients, a statistical severity to the occurrence of GCS was revealed. There was no reliable relationship between the genetic predisposition on the line of both parents and the prevalence of the process, with the isolation of the lesion of CHLO and with the number of foci of CHLO lesions. CONCLUSION: Prematurity, chronic hypoxia, multiple malformations of the fetal cardiovascular system are risk factors for the development of vascular hyperplasia in children.

Topical Formulations of Propranolol for Infantile Hemangiomas: Characteristics of Formulations and Three Cases of Infants Administered Topical Propranolol Cream.

Propranolol is used as the first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IHs). As oral formulations can cause systemic adverse drug reactions (ADRs), we prepared topical propranolol formulations and evaluated their pharmaceutical profiles. We also present three cases of pediatric patients with IHs who were treated with the propranolol formulations. Propranolol cream (hydrophilic cream, 1, 3, and 5%) and gels (carboxyvinyl polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, gellan gum, 1%) were prepared. The in vitro skin permeability of these formulations was assessed using Franz-type diffusion cells. The pharmaceutical profiles, including propranolol content, pH, and ductility, of the propranolol creams were evaluated. For the stability test, similar pharmaceutical evaluations were performed after the creams were stored at 25 °C and 56% relative humidity for 3 months. We examined three patients treated with propranolol cream to investigate the clinical course of IH and adverse events after the propranolol cream was applied for 5-12 months. In the in vitro skin permeability assay, topical propranolol formulations made of hydrophilic cream and gellan gum permeated the most. The amount of propranolol that permeated increased with propranolol concentration. After storage for 3 months, no substantial changes were observed in any pharmaceutical profile. The IHs were discolored in all patients. Tumor size also decreased in some patients. Furthermore, no adverse events caused by propranolol cream were observed during application. In conclusion, propranolol cream can be prepared as a hospital formulation with adequate quality. Topical propranolol therapy is effective in reducing the incidence of systemic ADRs.

Unusual Gigantiform Angiomatosis of Jawbone.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to highlight rare highly infiltrative massive Angiomatosis and depict surgical outcome of a rare case series of gigantic lesions in the maxillofacial region. Data were recorded from the medical records of patients. Predictor variables were drawn from demographics, age, gender, site, evaluation of surgical treatment. The outcome variables were the challenges encountered and related complications. Out of 6 patients, the youngest was 10 and the oldest was 26 years old. Soft tissue and jawbone involvement were seen in 3 patients each with a single massive lesion involving both maxilla and mandible. All 6 patients had wide excision of the lesion with one patient having 2 stage procedures. No complications or recurrence was seen at 1-year follow-up. Angiomatosis is a rare and benign lesion in the head and neck region. its diffuse infiltrating nature may give a false malignant picture. it clinically mimics Hemangioma or Arteriovenous (AV) malformation thus requires thorough evaluation and its surgical intervention is challenging as described in this case series because of its magnitude and infiltrative nature.

Transposition Mucosal Flap Combined With Autologous Fat Transplantation to Repair Lip Defects Caused by Sclerotherapy of Hemangioma.

ABSTRACT: Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign childhood tumors and can occur on any part of the human body. Sclerosing agents are used in the early stage of treatment of infantile hemangioma. Sometimes a lip defect remains after sclerosing agent treatment. We developed a simple technique to repair lip defects. The authors performed transposition mucosal flap and autologous fat transplantation surgery on patients who had lip defects caused by sclerosing agents. The flap was transposed 90° from the intraoral labial mucosa to the vermilion defect. Autologous fat was transplanted to the white lip defect. If necessary, a secondary fat transplantation may be performed every half year. All patients were followed up to evaluate the effect of the operation. Patients were asked to rate their satisfaction with the surgery between 1 and 10. Digital three-dimensional evaluation was performed. Sixteen patients underwent the surgery successfully, and the flaps were all viable. No complications occurred after surgery (5 males, 11 females; age range, 5-27 years; 12 upper lip, 3 lower lip, and 1 median lip). The patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome of surgery (mean score, 9). Seven patients wanted to undergo a second fat transplantation, whereas 9 patients felt it was unnecessary to transplant fat again. Transposition mucosal flap combined with autologous fat transplantation is reliable and minimally invasive. It is an effective method for repairing moderate lip defects mainly involving vermilion caused by a sclerosing agent.

Fetal neck giant hemangioma associated with postnatal arising Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.

We report a prenatal ultrasound dia-gnosis of giant neck hemangioma at 30+1 weeks in a fetus resulting in the postnatal development of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Ultrasound scan revealed a large isoechoic mass occupying the whole neck, infiltrating the nasopharyngeal cavity, tongue, lower lip and mandible. Complex sonographic visualization with 2D and 4D was helpful in the process of parental counseling.

Transcatheter Arterial Sclerosing Embolization for the Treatment of Giant Propranolol-Resistant Infantile Hemangiomas in the Parotid Region.

PURPOSE: To report the effectiveness and safety of transcatheter arterial sclerosing embolization (TASE) for the treatment of parotid infantile hemangiomas that did not respond appreciably to propranolol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 infants (12 male and 9 female) with large propranolol-resistant infantile hemangiomas in the parotid region were enrolled in this study. During TASE, the feeding arteries of the lesions were embolized using pingyangmycin-lipiodol emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol particles (300-500 µm) to reduce the blood flow rate. All children were followed up as outpatients at 2 weeks and monthly thereafter. The curative effect was evaluated at the 1- and 3-month follow-up visits. RESULTS: Nine lesions were located on the right side of the parotid gland, whereas 12 were located on the left side. The feeding arteries in all patients originated from branches of the external carotid artery. TASE was technically successful in all patients. The mean (± SD) maximal diameter of the hemangiomas significantly decreased from 6.50 cm ± 2.28 before treatment to 3.56 cm ± 1.84 at 1 month after TASE (P <. 05). Three months after TASE, the mean maximal diameter further significantly decreased to 1.94 cm ± 1.58 (P <. 05). During the follow-up period, 16 cases were rated as excellent and 5 as good; no recurrence or serious complications were noted. Minor side effects, such as slight pain, mild fever, and tissue swelling, were observed. CONCLUSIONS: TASE significantly decreased the size of the parotid hemangiomas with minor side effects during a short follow-up period.

Use of an Ultrasonic Aspirator in Removal of an Orbital Rim Hemangioma.

Intraosseous hemangiomas are rare bony neoplasms that infrequently develop in the calvarium or facial bones. Due to their highly vascular nature, biopsy or resection of these tumors can present a surgical challenge, with reports of significant blood loss during tumor resection. Traditional surgical resection of intraosseous hemangiomas often includes the use of high speed oscillating or sagittal saws. Ultrasonic aspirators, which spare adjacent soft-tissue structures and minimize blood loss, have been successfully used in resection of firm soft tissue masses of the orbit; however, this technology has not been demonstrated in the treatment of a vascular tumor in the orbit. The authors present the case of a 37-year-old woman who presented with an intraosseous hemangioma at the left inferior orbital rim and maxilla; the mass was successfully resected with the aid of a Sonopet Ultrasonic Aspirator bone knife. The knife allowed for simultaneous emulsification and cautery of the bone encasing the mass with low risk to sensitive surrounding tissue.

Orbitofrontal Reconstruction With a Three-Dimensional Titanium Patient-Specific Implant After Intraosseous Haemangioma Resection.

BACKGROUND: Intraosseous hemangiomas are rare benign tumors that can develop in the skull. Orbitofrontal localization is uncommon. The complexity of orbitofrontal anatomy results in difficult reconstruction following trauma or tumoral resection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old woman with a right orbitofrontal intraosseous hemangioma was referred to our department. The authors decided to perform tumoral bone resection and orbitofrontal reconstruction using virtual surgical planning in collaboration with Materialize engineers (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Three cutting guides and a patient-specific 3-dimensional (3D) titanium implant were designed and manufactured in 3 weeks. Surgery was performed with a double surgical team composed of maxillofacial surgeons and neurosurgeons. No perioperative or post-operative complications occurred. Post-operatively, the patient was completely asymptomatic and clinical examination showed symmetrical and satisfactory facial morphology. CONCLUSION: Virtual surgical planning, design of patient-specific guides and manufacturing of implants make surgery easier and increase surgical precision. This technique is recommended for wide use in cases of oncological or complex trauma craniomaxillofacial reconstruction.

Parenting Children With a Cleft Lip With or Without Palate or a Visible Infantile Hemangioma: A Cross-Sectional Study of Distress and Parenting Stress.

OBJECTIVE: Parents of children with a medical condition and a visible difference can experience challenging situations. We evaluated distress and parenting stress in parents of children with a cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) or a visible infantile hemangioma (IH). SETTING: This cross-sectional study took place in an academic medical hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Three-hundred nine parents (mean age = 40.30, 56.00% mothers) of children with CL±P and 91 parents (mean age = 36.40, 58.24% mothers) of children with IH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Dutch version of the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form and the subscales Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility of the Symptom Checklist - 90. RESULTS: One sample t tests and mixed linear modeling were used. On average, parents of children with CL±P and of children with IH showed significantly lower parenting stress compared to normative data. Anxiety was significantly lower in parents of children with CL±P than that in the norm group. Visibility of the condition was not related to distress or parenting stress. Child behavioral problems were positively related to parenting stress, depression, and hostility. CONCLUSIONS: Parents of children with CL±P and IH report less distress and parenting stress compared to the norm. On average, these parents seem well adjusted. A practical implication is to monitor parents of children with behavioral problems.

Intraoperative injection of absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) mixed with cement followed by spinal decompression to treat elderly with vertebral hemangiomas.

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with vertebral hemangiomas are rare and might require surgery. Thus, the choice of surgery for these lesions remains controversial because of the rarity of these lesions. This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of the intraoperative injection of absorbable gelatin sponge mixed with cement followed by spinal decompression to treat the elderly with typical vertebral hemangiomas. The risk factors for hemangioma recurrence were investigated through a literature review. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 13 patients with typical aggressive hemangiomas between January 2009 and January 2016. Of these patients, 7 were treated with spinal decompression combined with intraoperative vertebroplasty (Group A), and 6 patients were treated with decompression with intraoperative vertebroplasty and absorbable gelatin sponge (Group B). The general data and perioperative data of the patients were compared. Patients were followed up for at least 3 years, and postoperative complications and recurrence rates were recorded and compared. RESULTS: All patients had typical aggressive hemangiomas. The average age of all patients was 64.4 ± 3.3 years. The preoperative data did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > 0.05). The blood loss of groups A and B was 707.1 ± 109.7 ml and 416.7 ± 103.3 ml, respectively (P = 0.003) (P = 0.003), and the average surgery durations were 222 ± 47.8 min and 162 ± 30.2 min, respectively (P = 0.022). The average follow-up duration was 62 ± 19 months, and no cases of recurrence were found at the final follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal treatment significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of elderly patients with typical aggressive vertebral hemangiomas. Intraoperative absorbable gelatin sponge injection is a safe and effective way to reduce blood loss and surgery duration.

Treatment of Intraosseous Hemangioma With Embolization in Mandible.

The authors report a rare case of intraosseous hemangioma of the mandible in a 14-year-old male. Surgical intervention with embolization is as important as histological and radiological examination to reduce the bleeding complication. Magnetic resonance angiography is paramount of importance in these lesions to detect the supplier arteries.

Management of the oral hemangiomas in infants and children: Scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric oral hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that can be seen from birth, particularly in females. Hemangiomas are most frequent located in the lips and usually regress spontaneously, thus they do not require any type of treatment in most cases. The present scoping review pretended to synthesize the most relevant and currently available information from the international dental literature published in the last 25 years, regarding the management of pediatric oral hemangiomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An exhaustive literature search was performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane). Initially, 241 related titles and abstracts were found. After the duplication removal, screening, and assessment processes, 37 records were included for full-text reading. Finally, 20 articles in the English language were included in the scoping review for data extraction and assessment. RESULTS: We identified and subsequently discussed three fundamental issues associated to the management of pediatric oral hemangiomas: (i) clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and histopathological findings; (ii) evolution and complications; and (iii) current available treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Although these like-tumor lesions are uncommon, pediatric dentistry practitioners must be familiar with the inherent clinical characteristics, diagnosis approaches, and currently available treatment options. Nowadays, surgical removal and non-invasive medical/pharmacologic therapies are the best management modalities for pediatric oral hemangiomas.