RESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the effect of adding vanillin nanoparticles on the antimicrobial and mechanical properties of the orthodontic adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) was modified with 1% and 2% vanillin nanoparticles. The chemical composition and degree of chemical conversion in orthodontic adhesive before and after adding vanillin nanoparticles to orthodontic adhesive were measured using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mechanical properties of unmodified orthodontic adhesive (UMOA) and 1% and 2% vanillin-modified orthodontic adhesive (VMOA) were assessed in shear bond strength (SBS) and tensile bond strength (TBS). The antimicrobial properties were evaluated using a Mueller-Hinton plate swapped with streptococcus mutans. The zone of bacterial inhibition for UMOA, 1% VMOA, and 2% VMOA was measured. Descriptive statistics, multiple comparisons, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Duncan's test were used to compare among the results. RESULTS: FTIR showed no chemical conversion of 1% VMOA and 2% VMOA. There was significant streptococcus mutans growth inhibition in 1% VMOA and 2% VMOA compared to UMOA. No significant difference in streptococcus mutans growth inhibition in 1% VMOA and 2% VMOA. The SBS decreased significantly in 1% VMOA compared to UMOA. In addition, SBS decreased insignificantly when comparing 1% VMOA and 2% VMOA. TBS significantly reduced in 2% VMOA compared with UMOA. In addition, there was no significant difference in TBS between UMOA and 1% VMOA, and 1% VMOA and 2% VMOA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 1% VMOA has improved antimicrobial properties and kept mechanical properties of orthodontic adhesive within the acceptable level.
RESUMO
AIMS: To investigate the in vitro performance of colour change orthodontic adhesive (CCOA) or fluorescent orthodontic adhesive (FOA), conventional orthodontic adhesives (COA), and the mixed CCOA and FOA utilizing the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety extracted first premolars were used in the study. Four manufacturers of orthodontic adhesive were used, including Transbond™ XT (TBXT) and Transbond™ plus (TBP) (3M™ Unitek™, CA, United States), Ormco Enlight™ (OE) and Greengloo™ (GG) (Ormco™, CA, United States), Light Bond Medium™ (LBM), and GoTo™ (GT) (Reliance orthodontic products®, IL, United States), and BracePaste® Adhesive (BPA) and BracePaste® Colour Change (BPCC) (American orthodontics®, WI, United States). The mixed orthodontic adhesive of Transbond™ plus and GoTo™ (TBPGT) was prepared to evaluate the combined effect of colour change and fluorescent orthodontic adhesives. Peak SBS was recorded using a universal testing machine. ARI was measured using a stereomicroscope under 10x magnification. Descriptive statistical analysis and comparative tests were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: All CCOA and FOA had higher mean SBS than COA. The highest value of SBS was obtained in BPCC (23.56MPa), and the lowest value in TBPGT (11.41Mpa). One-way ANOVA multiple comparisons and Duncan's multiple range test showed that TBXT and TBPGT significantly differed in SBS with GT, GG, TBP, and BPCC, respectively (P=0.016). Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparisons test showed no significant differences in ARI among the tested adhesives (P=0.089). CONCLUSIONS: Colour Change Orthodontic Adhesive (CCOA) and Fluorescent Orthodontic Adhesive (FOA) showed a higher SBS than conventional orthodontic adhesives. GreenglooTM had the lowest ARI among the groups tested. All adhesives tested can be safely used in orthodontic practice, and both CCOA and FOA showed better performance than COA. The TransbondTM plus and GoToTM (TBPGT) mixed adhesives showed the lowest performance in terms of SBS and ARI.