[Treatment of the urethral sphincter insufficiency]. / Prise en charge de l'insuffisance sphinctérienne urétrale.

The intrinsic sphincter insufficiency is a cause of stress urinary incontinence. Its definition is clinical and based on urodynamics. It is mostly met with women, in context of the post-obstetrical period or older women in a multifactorial context. For men, it occurs mainly as complication of the surgery of the cancer of prostate or bladder. An initial, clinical and paraclinical assessment allows to confirm the diagnosis of intrinsic sphincter insufficiency, to estimate its severity, and to identify associated mechanisms of incontinence (urethral hypermobility, bladder overactivity) to choose the most adapted treatment. The perineal reeducation is the treatment of first intention in both sexes. At the menopausal woman, the local hormonotherapy is a useful additive. In case of failure or of incomplete efficiency, the treatment of the intrinsic sphincter insufficiency is surgical. Bulking agents, urethral slings, peri-urethral balloons and artificial sphincter are 4 therapeutic options to discuss according to history, the severity of the incontinence, the expectations of the patient.

[Treatment of detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia with permanent nitinol urethral stent: results after a minimum follow-up of 2 years]. / Résultats à moyen terme du traitement de la dyssynergie vésicosphinctérienne par sphinctérotomie prothétique permanente.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of nitinol permanent urethral stents used in detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) treatment on male patients with a spinal cord injury. MATERIALS: We investigated retrospectively all patients treated from 2004 to 2012. A total of 22 patients were included, with an age ranging from 22 to 76 years old. The DSD syndrome was due to spinal cord injury (18) or various spinal cord diseases (four) and treated with a nitinol urethral stent (11 Ultraflex(®) and 11 Mémotherm(®)). Every patient had an urodynamical study. The follow-up reached at least 2 years. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 56 months (± 14). Complementary procedures after stenting included: five stent prolongation or displacement (mean interval 7.6 months), six bladder neck incisions (12.2 months), three urethrotomy (42 months), ten obstruction treated by laser (47.3 months). Eight patients had a change of their urinary pattern: four underwent ileal conduit diversion, one had a continent urinary diversion, one chose self intermittent catheterization, two were under indwelling catheterization waiting for another treatment. Stent retrieval was either harmful or impossible for four of them. Three patients were free of complementary procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Nitinol urethral stent was an effective treatment initially. However, by the third year, urethral stenosis and hypertrophic growth of the urethral mucosa usually require iterative endoscopic procedures (0.31 per patient per year). Patients treated with permanent uretral stent deserve a yearly endoscopic follow-up. Safety and effectiveness of permanent uretral stent compared to surgical sphincterotomy to treat DSD are discussed.