RESUMO
Advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) enhance treatment efficacy of different therapeutics in a dosage, spatial, and/or temporal controlled manner. To date, numerous chemical- or physical-based stimuli-responsive formulations or devices for controlled drug release have been developed. Among them, the emerging mechanical force-based stimulus offers a convenient and robust controlled drug release platform and has attracted increasing attention. The relevant DDS can be activated to promote drug release by different types of mechanical stimuli, including compressive force, tensile force, and shear force as well as indirect formats, remotely triggered by ultrasound and magnetic field. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in mechanically activated DDS. The opportunities and challenges regarding clinical translations are also discussed.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Animais , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacologia , Lipossomos/química , Lipossomos/farmacologia , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Microbolhas , Nanopartículas/química , Ondas UltrassônicasRESUMO
An emerging focus in nanomedicine is the exploration of multifunctional nanocomposite materials that integrate stimuli-responsive, therapeutic, and/or diagnostic functions. In this effort, cysteine-rich proteins have drawn considerable attention as a versatile platform due to their good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ease of chemical modification. This review surveys cysteine-rich protein-based biomedical materials, including protein-metal nanohybrids, gold nanoparticle-protein agglomerates, protein-based nanoparticles, and hydrogels, with an emphasis on their preparation methods, especially those based on the cysteine residue-related reactions. Their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery and diagnostics are highlighted.
Assuntos
Cisteína/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Ouro/química , Humanos , Hidrogéis/química , Nanocompostos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Nanotecnologia/métodosRESUMO
The immune system protects the body against a wide range of infectious diseases and cancer by leveraging the efficiency of immune cells and lymphoid organs. Over the past decade, immune cell/organ therapies based on the manipulation, infusion, and implantation of autologous or allogeneic immune cells/organs into patients have been widely tested and have made great progress in clinical applications. Despite these advances, therapy with natural immune cells or lymphoid organs is relatively expensive and time-consuming. Alternatively, biomimetic materials and strategies have been applied to develop artificial immune cells and lymphoid organs, which have attracted considerable attentions. In this review, we survey the latest studies on engineering biomimetic materials for immunotherapy, focusing on the perspectives of bioengineering artificial antigen presenting cells and lymphoid organs. The opportunities and challenges of this field are also discussed.