Kurtosis, a new variable with possible diagnostic value in analysis of jaw muscle surface EMG.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for methods to compare differences of voltage levels and distribution anomalies in the study of skeletal muscle function. Calculating the kurtosis values has been found to be of value. AIM: The aim was to record and analyse voltage and kurtosis levels of SEMG recorded bilaterally in the masseter and anterior temporalis areas during rest and clenching and to compare the kurtosis levels between controls and patients with TMJ disc dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three healthy subjects and 21 patients with TMJ disc dysfunction were taken part in this study. Recordings were made with the BioPAK EMG System. Gain was adjusted to record the data within the range of ±2000 µV. SEMG was recorded in four facial areas, the right masseter, left masseter, right anterior temporalis, and left anterior temporalis areas. Kurtosis levels of SEMG, at clenching with maximal force, and mandibular rest, were compared between the control and patient groups. RESULTS: The kurtosis levels of clenches were significantly higher in patients in all four areas with sensitivity, 38.1% to 61.9%, and specificity, 82.6% to 100.0%. No differences were found in kurtosis levels during mandibular rest. CONCLUSION: The results support that kurtosis values of SEMG recorded during clenching have a potential diagnostic interest.

Is SEMG recorded "hyperactivity" during mandibular rest a sign of dysfunctional jaw muscle activity and temporomandibular disorders (TMD)?

BACKGROUND: Some authors state that above-normal surface electromyography (SEMG) levels during mandibular rest (MR) are a general sign of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare SEMG levels in the masseter and anterior temporalis areas during MR between patients with disc displacement (DD) and subjects identified as healthy. The hypothesis was that average SEMG levels would be higher in the patients during MR before and after repeated clenches with maximal effort. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy subjects, and 42 patients with DD, were included. SEMG levels were recorded bilaterally in the temporalis and masseter areas during MR before clenching and after repeated clenches with maximal effort. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the means of the log-transformed SEMG-values for the subject groups. RESULTS: The mean MR levels in the four areas before clenching ranged from -0.19 log (µV) to 1.20 log(µV) in healthy subjects and from -0.22 log(µV) to 0.96 log(µV) in patients. The mean MR levels in the four areas after repeated clenches ranged from -0.19 log (µV) to 1.04 log(µV) in healthy subjects and from -0.27 log(µV) to 0.93 log(µV) in patients. The MANOVA test showed no significant differences in the means for MR for the four areas between the groups at the 5% significance level. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that jaw muscle SEMG levels during MR are on average generally higher in TMD patients is not supported. A possible explanation for the previous findings is that activity in other muscles was mislabelled as jaw muscle activity.